1
|
Boulton R, Boaz A. Peer coaching, implementation support and organisational power. J Interprof Care 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37161729 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2023.2205879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This article looks at the effects of power (conceived as complex and multi-directional) on the collaborative, interprofessional relationships of peer coaches when delivering implementation support. The study conducted ethnographic observations, semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis to evaluate the dynamics of peer coaching during the implementation of an evidence-based programme, Patient and Family Centred Care (PFCC), to improve 24 end-of-life care services. The article draws on perspectives from critical management studies to offer insights on the effect of organisational power on collaborations during the administration of peer coaching. This article details the difficulties that organisational power structures posed to interprofessional peer-coaching collaborations. Many of the peer coaches found it difficult to place their advice in the existing ethos of organisations, existing organisational hierarchies, or collaborate in the midst of staff turnover and general time management outside of their control. These considerations meant that successful peer-coaching collaborations and the success of the implementation programme were often divergent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Boulton
- Institute for Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's, University of London, Kingston, London
- Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University, Kingston, London
| | - Annette Boaz
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mclaughlin M, Duff J, McKenzie T, Campbell E, Sutherland R, Wiggers J, Wolfenden L. Evaluating Digital Program Support for the Physical Activity 4 Everyone (PA4E1) School Program: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2021; 4:e26690. [PMID: 34309565 PMCID: PMC8367175 DOI: 10.2196/26690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effectively scaled-up physical activity interventions are urgently needed to address the high prevalence of physical inactivity. To facilitate scale-up of an efficacious school-based physical activity program (Physical Activity 4 Everyone [PA4E1]), provision of implementation support to physical education (PE) teachers was adapted from face-to-face and paper-based delivery modes to partial delivery via a website. A lack of engagement (usage and subjective experience) with digital delivery modes, including websites, may in part explain the typical reduction in effectiveness of scaled-up interventions that use digital delivery modes. A process evaluation focused on the PA4E1 website was undertaken. OBJECTIVE The 2 objectives were to (1) describe the usage of the PA4E1 program website by in-school champions (PE teachers leading the program within their schools) and PE teachers using quantitative methods; (2) examine the usage, subjective experience, and usability of the PA4E1 program website from the perspective of in-school champions using mixed methods. METHODS The first objective used website usage data collected across all users (n=273) throughout the 9 school terms of the PA4E1 implementation support. The 4 usage measures were sessions, page views, average session duration, and downloads. Descriptive statistics were calculated and explored across the duration of the 26-month program. The second objective used mixed methods, triangulating data from the first objective with data from a think-aloud survey and usability test completed by in-school champions (n=13) at 12 months. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically alongside descriptive statistics from the quantitative data in a triangulation matrix, generating cross-cutting themes using the "following a thread" approach. RESULTS For the first objective, in-school champions averaged 48.0 sessions per user, PE teachers 5.8 sessions. PE teacher sessions were of longer duration (10.5 vs 7.6 minutes) and included more page views (5.4 vs 3.4). The results from the mixed methods analysis for the second objective found 9 themes and 2 meta-themes. The first meta-theme indicated that the website was an acceptable and appropriate delivery mode, and usability of the website was high. The second meta-theme found that the website content was acceptable and appropriate, and identified specific suggestions for improvement. CONCLUSIONS Digital health interventions targeting physical activity often experience issues of lack of user engagement. By contrast, the findings from both the quantitative and mixed methods analyses indicate high usage and overall acceptability and appropriateness of the PA4E1 website to school teachers. The findings support the value of the website within a multidelivery mode implementation intervention to support schools to implement physical activity promoting practices. The analysis identified suggested intervention refinements, which may be adopted for future iterations and further scale-up of the PA4E1 program. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000681358; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372870.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mclaughlin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Heath Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jed Duff
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Tom McKenzie
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Heath Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Campbell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Heath Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Heath Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - John Wiggers
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Heath Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Heath Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Domlyn AM, Scott V, Livet M, Lamont A, Watson A, Kenworthy T, Talford M, Yannayon M, Wandersman A. R = MC 2 readiness building process: A practical approach to support implementation in local, state, and national settings. J Community Psychol 2021; 49:1228-1248. [PMID: 33778968 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective implementation of evidence-based interventions is a persistent challenge across community settings. Organizational readiness - or, the motivation and collective capacity of an entity to adopt and sustain an innovation - is important to facilitate implementation. Drawing on the R = MC2 readiness framework, we developed a readiness building process to tailor support for implementation. The process is composed of the following stages: assessment, feedback and prioritization, and strategize. In this article, we describe the application of the readiness building process through three case examples representing interventions at different ecological levels: local, state, and national. The case examples illuminate challenges and practical considerations for using the readiness building process, including the significance of on-going leadership engagement and collaboration between support system and delivery system staff. To further the research and practice of implementation readiness, we suggest examining the impact of readiness building on implementation outcomes and developing an empirically-informed repository of change management strategies matched to readiness constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Domlyn
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria Scott
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melanie Livet
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, Center for Medication Optimization (CMO), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Lamont
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Amber Watson
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tara Kenworthy
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mary Yannayon
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, Center for Medication Optimization (CMO), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abraham Wandersman
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Acosta J, Chinman M, Ebener P, Malone PS, Paddock S, Phillips A, Scales P, Slaughter ME. An intervention to improve program implementation: findings from a two-year cluster randomized trial of Assets-Getting To Outcomes. Implement Sci 2013; 8:87. [PMID: 23924279 PMCID: PMC3751245 DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-8-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that communities have not always been able to implement evidence-based prevention programs with quality and achieve outcomes demonstrated by prevention science. Implementation support interventions are needed to bridge this gap between science and practice. The purpose of this article is to present two-year outcomes from an evaluation of the Assets Getting To Outcomes (AGTO) intervention in 12 Maine communities engaged in promoting Developmental Assets, a positive youth development approach to prevention. AGTO is an implementation support intervention that consists of: a manual of text and tools; face-to-face training, and onsite technical assistance, focused on activities shown to be associated with obtaining positive results across any prevention program. METHODS This study uses a nested and cross-sectional, cluster randomized controlled design. Participants were coalition members and program staff from 12 communities in Maine. Each coalition nominated up to five prevention programs to participate. At random, six coalitions and their respective 30 programs received the two-year AGTO intervention and the other six maintained routine operations. The study assessed prevention practitioner capacity (efficacy and behaviors), practitioner exposure to and use of AGTO, practitioner perceptions of AGTO, and prevention program performance. Capacity of coalition members and performance of their programs were compared between the two groups across the baseline, one-, and two-year time points. RESULTS We found no significant differences between AGTO and control group's prevention capacity. However, within the AGTO group, significant differences were found between those with greater exposure to and use of AGTO. Programs that received the highest number of technical assistance hours showed the most program improvement. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first of its kind to show that use of an implementation support intervention-AGTO -yielded improvements in practitioner capacity and consequently in program performance on a large sample of practitioners and programs using a randomized controlled design. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00780338.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joie Acosta
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew Chinman
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Patricia Ebener
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick S Malone
- University of South Carolina, 920 Sumter St, Columbia SC 29208, USA
| | - Susan Paddock
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrea Phillips
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Peter Scales
- Search Institute, 615 First Avenue NE, Suite 125, Minneapolis MN 55413, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bloomquist ML, August GJ, Lee SS, Lee CYS, Realmuto GM, Klimes-Dougan B. Going-to-scale with the Early Risers conduct problems prevention program: use of a comprehensive implementation support (CIS) system to optimize fidelity, participation and child outcomes. Eval Program Plann 2013; 38:19-27. [PMID: 23266400 PMCID: PMC3602328 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a descriptive report of a comprehensive implementation support (CIS) service that was used to promote high levels of program fidelity in a going-to-scale intervention trial of the Early Risers conduct problems prevention program. The program was delivered across 27 geographically dispersed, elementary school sites over a two-year period. In this study we examined the level of fidelity achieved by program implementers across intervention components, the rate of child and parent participation across intervention components, and proximal child outcomes targeted by the intervention across two years of programming. Results showed that over the two-year intervention period the program was implemented with high fidelity, participation rates were acceptable, and children made positive gains on target outcomes similar to those found in previous randomized controlled trials. The results suggest that implementation support services may be advantageous in the wide-scale implementation of prevention programs that aim to achieve high implementation fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Bloomquist
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, F256/2B West, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chinman M, Acosta J, Ebener P, Burkhart Q, Malone P, Paddock SM, Clifford M, Corsello M, Duffy T, Hunter S, Jones M, Lahti M, Phillips A, Savell S, Scales PC, Tellett-Royce N. Intervening with practitioners to improve the quality of prevention: one-year findings from a randomized trial of assets-getting to outcomes. J Prim Prev 2013; 34:173-91. [PMID: 23605473 PMCID: PMC3703481 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-013-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There continues to be a gap in prevention outcomes achieved in research trials versus those achieved in "real-world" practice. This article reports interim findings from a randomized controlled trial evaluating Assets-Getting To Outcomes (AGTO), a two-year intervention designed to build prevention practitioners' capacity to implement positive youth development-oriented practices in 12 community coalitions in Maine. A survey of coalition members was used to assess change on individual practitioners' prevention capacity between baseline and one year later. Structured interviews with 32 program directors (16 in the intervention group and 16 in the control group) were used to assess changes in programs' prevention practices during the same time period. Change in prevention capacity over time did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups. However, in secondary analyses of only those assigned to the AGTO intervention, users showed greater improvement in their self-efficacy to conduct Assets-based programming and increases in the frequency with which they engaged in AGTO behaviors, whereas among non-users, self-efficacy to conduct Assets-based programming declined. Interview ratings showed improvement in several key areas of performance among intervention programs. Improvement was associated with the number of technical assistance hours received. These results suggest that, after one year, AGTO is beginning to improve the capacity of community practitioners who make use of it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chinman
- RAND Corporation (4570 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; 412 683-2300)
| | - Joie Acosta
- RAND Corporation (4570 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; 412 683-2300)
| | - Patricia Ebener
- RAND Corporation (4570 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; 412 683-2300)
| | - Q Burkhart
- RAND Corporation (4570 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; 412 683-2300)
| | - Patrick Malone
- University of South Carolina (Barnwell College, Columbia, SC 29208, 803 777-2700 )
| | - Susan M. Paddock
- RAND Corporation (4570 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; 412 683-2300)
| | - Michael Clifford
- Vision Training Associates (PO Box 338 Gorham, ME 04038-0338; 877.908.4766)
| | - Maryann Corsello
- University of New England (Portland Campus, 716 Stevens Ave., Portland, ME 04103; 207-602-2103;
| | - Tim Duffy
- Vision Training Associates (PO Box 338 Gorham, ME 04038-0338; 877.908.4766)
| | - Sarah Hunter
- RAND Corporation (4570 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; 412 683-2300)
| | - Margaret Jones
- Vision Training Associates (PO Box 338 Gorham, ME 04038-0338; 877.908.4766)
| | - Michel Lahti
- University of Southern Maine (45 Commerce Drive, Suite 11, Portland, ME 04330; (207) 228-8541; )
| | - Andrea Phillips
- RAND Corporation (4570 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; 412 683-2300)
| | - Susan Savell
- Spurwink (899 Riverside St., Portland, ME 04103; (207) 582-9205 × 2370; )
| | - Peter C. Scales
- Search Institute (The Banks Building, 615 First Avenue NE, Suite 125, Minneapolis, MN 55413; 612-376-8955)
| | - Nancy Tellett-Royce
- Search Institute (The Banks Building, 615 First Avenue NE, Suite 125, Minneapolis, MN 55413; 612-376-8955)
| |
Collapse
|