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Nasr SH, Alehashemi S, Dasari S, Waldman M, Afzali B, Chiu A, Bolanos J, Goldbach-Mansky R, McPhail ED. Anakinra-associated renal amyloidosis. Kidney Int 2024; 105:395-396. [PMID: 38245224 PMCID: PMC10827346 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Samih H Nasr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara Alehashemi
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, LCIM, National Institute of Allergy, and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Meryl Waldman
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - April Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan Bolanos
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, LCIM, National Institute of Allergy, and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen D McPhail
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Abstract
Pain is a fundamental feature of inflammation. The immune system plays a critical role in the activation of sensory neurons and there is increasing evidence of neuro-inflammatory mechanisms contributing to painful pathologies. The inflammasomes are signaling multiprotein complexes that are key components of the innate immune system. They are intimately involved in inflammatory responses and their activation leads to production of inflammatory cytokines that in turn can affect sensory neuron function. Accordingly, the contribution of inflammasome activation to pain signaling has attracted considerable attention in recent years. NLRP3 is the best characterized inflammasome and there is emerging evidence of its role in a variety of inflammatory pain conditions. In vitro and in vivo studies have reported the activation and upregulation of NLRP3 in painful conditions including gout and rheumatoid arthritis, while inhibition of NLRP3 function or expression can mediate analgesia. In this review, we discuss painful conditions in which NLRP3 inflammasome signaling has been pathophysiologically implicated, as well as NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated mechanisms and signaling pathways that may lead to the activation of sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Starobova
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Evelyn Israel Nadar
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Thome JG, Reeder EL, Collins SM, Gopalan P, Robson MJ. Contributions of Interleukin-1 Receptor Signaling in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 13:287. [PMID: 32038189 PMCID: PMC6985078 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in various forms affects millions in the United States annually. There are currently no FDA-approved therapies for acute injury or the chronic comorbidities associated with TBI. Acute phases of TBI are characterized by profound neuroinflammation, a process that stimulates the generation and release of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β. Both forms of IL-1 initiate signaling by binding with IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1), a receptor with a natural, endogenous antagonist dubbed IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). The recombinant form of IL-1Ra has gained FDA approval for inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, prompting interest in repurposing these pharmacotherapies for other inflammatory diseases/injury states including TBI. This review summarizes the currently available preclinical and clinical literature regarding the therapeutic potential of inhibiting IL-1-mediated signaling in the context of TBI. Additionally, we propose specific research areas that would provide a greater understanding of the role of IL-1 signaling in TBI and how these data may be beneficial for the development of IL-1-targeted therapies, ushering in the first FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for acute TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Thome
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Division of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Evan L Reeder
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sean M Collins
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Poornima Gopalan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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4
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Capone A, Bianco M, Ruocco G, De Bardi M, Battistini L, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Centonze D, Sette C, Volpe E. Distinct Expression of Inflammatory Features in T Helper 17 Cells from Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060533. [PMID: 31167379 PMCID: PMC6628300 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). T helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Indeed, Th17 cells are abundant in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of MS patients and promote pathogenesis in the mouse model of MS. To gain insight into the function of Th17 cells in MS, we tested whether Th17 cells polarized from naïve CD4 T cells of healthy donors and MS patients display different features. To this end, we analysed several parameters that typify the Th17 profile during the differentiation process of naïve CD4 T cells obtained from relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS patients (n = 31) and healthy donors (HD) (n = 28). Analysis of an array of cytokines produced by Th17 cells revealed that expression of interleukin (IL)-21, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-β, IL-2 and IL-1R1 is significantly increased in Th17 cells derived from MS patients compared to healthy donor-derived cells. Interestingly, IL-1R1 expression is also increased in Th17 cells circulating in the blood of MS patients compared to healthy donors. Since IL-2, IL-21, TNF-β, and IL-1R1 play a crucial role in the activation of immune cells, our data indicate that high expression of these molecules in Th17 cells from MS patients could be related to their high inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Capone
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Manuela Bianco
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Ruocco
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Neuroscience "Lancisi", San Camillo Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neuroscience "Lancisi", San Camillo Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy.
| | - Diego Centonze
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
| | - Claudio Sette
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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5
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Shourian M, Ralph B, Angers I, Sheppard DC, Qureshi ST. Contribution of IL-1RI Signaling to Protection against Cryptococcus neoformans 52D in a Mouse Model of Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1987. [PMID: 29403476 PMCID: PMC5780350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are induced after Cryptococcus neoformans infection and activate the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI). To establish the role of IL-1RI signaling in protection against cryptococcal infection, we analyzed wild-type (WT) and IL-1RI-deficient (IL-1RI−/−) mice on the BALB/c background. IL-1RI−/− mice had significantly reduced survival compared to WT mice after intratracheal challenge with C. neoformans 52D. Microbiological analysis showed a significant increase in the lung and brain fungal burden of IL-1RI−/− compared to WT mice beginning at weeks 1 and 4 postinfection, respectively. Histopathology showed that IL-1RI−/− mice exhibit greater airway epithelial mucus secretion and prominent eosinophilic crystals that were absent in WT mice. Susceptibility of IL-1RI−/− mice was associated with significant induction of a Th2-biased immune response characterized by pulmonary eosinophilia, M2 macrophage polarization, and recruitment of CD4+ IL-13+ T cells. Expression of pro-inflammatory [IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)], Th1-associated (IFNγ), and Th17-associated (IL-17A) cytokines was significantly reduced in IL-1RI−/− lungs compared to WT. WT mice also had higher expression of KC/CXCL1 and sustained neutrophil recruitment to the lung; however, antibody-mediated depletion of these cells showed that they were dispensable for lung fungal clearance. In conclusion, our data indicate that IL-1RI signaling is required to activate a complex series of innate and adaptive immune responses that collectively enhance host defense and survival after C. neoformans 52D infection in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Shourian
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ben Ralph
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Angers
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salman T Qureshi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Smith SA, Samokhin AO, Alfadi M, Murphy EC, Rhodes D, Holcombe WML, Kiss-Toth E, Storey RF, Yee SP, Francis SE, Qwarnstrom EE. The IL-1RI Co-Receptor TILRR ( FREM1 Isoform 2) Controls Aberrant Inflammatory Responses and Development of Vascular Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:398-414. [PMID: 28920098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The IL-1RI co-receptor, TILRR, is a potent amplifier of IL-1–induced responses. Blocking TILRR inhibits IL-1 receptor function and activation of inflammatory genes. TILRR expression is high in atherosclerotic lesions but low in healthy tissue, allowing distinct inhibition at sites of inflammation. Genetic deletion of TILRR and antibody blocking of TILRR function reduce plaque development and progression of atherosclerosis. Lesions exhibit low levels of macrophages and increased levels of smooth muscle cells and collagen, characteristics of stable plaques.
Expression of the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) co-receptor Toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor regulator (TILRR) is significantly increased in blood monocytes following myocardial infarction and in the atherosclerotic plaque, whereas levels in healthy tissue are low. TILRR association with IL-1RI at these sites causes aberrant activation of inflammatory genes, which underlie progression of cardiovascular disease. The authors show that genetic deletion of TILRR or antibody blocking of TILRR function reduces development of atherosclerotic plaques. Lesions exhibit decreased levels of monocytes, with increases in collagen and smooth muscle cells, characteristic features of stable plaques. The results suggest that TILRR may constitute a rational target for site- and signal-specific inhibition of vascular disease.
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Key Words
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- DK, double knockout
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IL, interleukin
- IL-1RI
- IL-1RI, interleukin-1 receptor type I
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IκBα, inhibitor kappa B alpha
- KO, knockout
- LDLR–/–, low-density lipoprotein receptor–/–
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NSTEMI, non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- TILRR
- TILRR, toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor regulator
- heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- iBALT, inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
- interleukin-1 receptor
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Della Mina E, Borghesi A, Zhou H, Bougarn S, Boughorbel S, Israel L, Meloni I, Chrabieh M, Ling Y, Itan Y, Renieri A, Mazzucchelli I, Basso S, Pavone P, Falsaperla R, Ciccone R, Cerbo RM, Stronati M, Picard C, Zuffardi O, Abel L, Chaussabel D, Marr N, Li X, Casanova JL, Puel A. Inherited human IRAK-1 deficiency selectively impairs TLR signaling in fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E514-23. [PMID: 28069966 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620139114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) families transduce signals via a canonical pathway involving the MyD88 adapter and the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) complex. This complex contains four molecules, including at least two (IRAK-1 and IRAK-4) active kinases. In mice and humans, deficiencies of IRAK-4 or MyD88 abolish most TLR (except for TLR3 and some TLR4) and IL-1R signaling in both leukocytes and fibroblasts. TLR and IL-1R responses are weak but not abolished in mice lacking IRAK-1, whereas the role of IRAK-1 in humans remains unclear. We describe here a boy with X-linked MECP2 deficiency-related syndrome due to a large de novo Xq28 chromosomal deletion encompassing both MECP2 and IRAK1 Like many boys with MECP2 null mutations, this child died very early, at the age of 7 mo. Unlike most IRAK-4- or MyD88-deficient patients, he did not suffer from invasive bacterial diseases during his short life. The IRAK-1 protein was completely absent from the patient's fibroblasts, which responded very poorly to all TLR2/6 (PAM2CSK4, LTA, FSL-1), TLR1/2 (PAM3CSK4), and TLR4 (LPS, MPLA) agonists tested but had almost unimpaired responses to IL-1β. By contrast, the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells responded normally to all TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR8 (R848) agonists tested, and to IL-1β. The death of this child precluded long-term evaluations of the clinical consequences of inherited IRAK-1 deficiency. However, these findings suggest that human IRAK-1 is essential downstream from TLRs but not IL-1Rs in fibroblasts, whereas it plays a redundant role downstream from both TLRs and IL-1Rs in leukocytes.
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Xu ZH, Wang Y, Tao AF, Yu J, Wang XY, Zu YY, Zhang SH, Chen Z. Interleukin-1 receptor is a target for adjunctive control of diazepam-refractory status epilepticus in mice. Neuroscience 2016; 328:22-9. [PMID: 27133574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) may accumulate in the brain during status epilepticus, but whether it contributes to the progressive refractoriness of SE remains unclear. By using a kainic acid-induced SE mice model, we tested whether pharmacological blockade or knock-out of interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) could influence the diazepam-refractory phenomenon of prolonged SE. We confirmed diazepam failed to terminate prolonged SE (allowed to continue for 40min before diazepam administration). The expression level of IL-1β in the hippocampus during prolonged SE was significantly higher than that of baseline. Interestingly, prolonged SE was not diazepam-refractory in IL-1R1 knock-out mice. Moreover, administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) combined with diazepam terminated established prolonged SE, while IL-1RA alone is not capable to terminate prolonged SE. On the contrary, administration of recombinant human IL-1β weakens the efficacy of diazepam by prolonging its latency to terminate non-prolonged SE. Thus, the present study provides direct evidence that accumulated IL-1β contributed to the diazepam refractoriness of prolonged SE, and suggests that interleukin-1 receptor is a target for adjunctive control of diazepam-refractory SE.
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Nakajima S, Kitamura M. Bidirectional regulation of NF-κB by reactive oxygen species: a role of unfolded protein response. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:162-174. [PMID: 23792277 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in coordinating innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, and apoptotic cell death. NF-κB is activated by various inflammatory stimuli including peptide factors and infectious microbes. It is also known as a redox-sensitive transcription factor activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Over the past decades, various investigators focused on the role of ROS in the activation of NF-κB by cytokines and lipopolysaccharides. However, recent studies also suggested that ROS have the potential to repress NF-κB activity. Currently, it is not well addressed how ROS regulate activity of NF-κB in a bidirectional fashion. In this paper, we summarize evidence for positive and negative regulation of NF-κB by ROS, possible redox-sensitive targets for NF-κB signaling, and mechanisms underlying biphasic and bidirectional influences of ROS on NF-κB, especially focusing on a role of ROS-mediated induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato 1110, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masanori Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato 1110, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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Vasilyev FF, Lopatnikova JA, Sennikov SV. Optimized flow cytometry protocol for analysis of surface expression of interleukin-1 receptor types I and II. Cytotechnology 2013; 65:795-802. [PMID: 23440375 PMCID: PMC3967619 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of interleukin (IL)-1 are realized through binding to specific membrane-bound receptors. The efficiency of IL-1 action depends on the number of receptors on the cell. We determined the percentage of cells that express IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) and IL-1 receptor type II (IL-1RII) by flow cytometry using phycoerythrin (PE)-labelled antibodies to the IL-1Rs, and the mean absolute number of membrane-bound IL-1Rs per cell using QuantiBRITE PE calibration beads. We showed that different subpopulations of immunocompetent cells expressed different numbers of molecules of membrane-bound IL-1RI and IL-1RII. We also established that when cells were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, there was a significant increase in the number of IL-1RI expressed, and a significant decrease in the mean number of IL-1RII molecules per cell. Determination of the mean number of membrane-bound IL-1R molecules using this protocol enables us to obtain precise and reproducible data that are necessary for full evaluation of expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp Filippovich Vasilyev
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute of Clinical Immunology”, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Siberian Branch, 14, Yadrincevskaja str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Anatolievna Lopatnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute of Clinical Immunology”, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Siberian Branch, 14, Yadrincevskaja str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Vitalievich Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute of Clinical Immunology”, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Siberian Branch, 14, Yadrincevskaja str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Bartuzi P, Hofker MH, van de Sluis B. Tuning NF-κB activity: a touch of COMMD proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2315-21. [PMID: 24080195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is an important regulator of immunity and inflammation, and its activation pathway has been studied extensively. The mechanisms that downregulate the activity of NF-κB have also received a lot of attention, particularly since its activity needs to be terminated to prevent chronic inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. The COMMD family has been identified as a new group of proteins involved in NF-κB termination. All ten COMMD members share the structurally conserved carboxy-terminal motif, the COMM domain, and are ubiquitously expressed. They seem to play distinct and non-redundant roles in various physiological processes, including NF-κB signaling. In this review, we describe the mechanisms and proteins involved in the termination of canonical NF-κB signaling, with a specific focus on the role of the COMMD family in the down-modulation of NF-κB.
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