Aranias T, Grosfeld A, Poitou C, Omar AA, Le Gall M, Miquel S, Garbin K, Ribeiro A, Bouillot JL, Bado A, Brot-Laroche E, Clément K, Leturque A, Guilmeau S, Serradas P. Lipid-rich diet enhances L-cell density in obese subjects and in mice through improved L-cell differentiation.
J Nutr Sci 2015;
4:e22. [PMID:
26157580 DOI:
10.1017/jns.2015.11]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enterohormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is required to amplify glucose-induced
insulin secretion that facilitates peripheral glucose utilisation. Alteration in GLP-1
secretion during obesity has been reported but is still controversial. Due to the high
adaptability of intestinal cells to environmental changes, we hypothesised that the
density of GLP-1-producing cells could be modified by nutritional factors to prevent the
deterioration of metabolic condition in obesity. We quantified L-cell density in jejunum
samples collected during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in forty-nine severely obese subjects
analysed according to their fat consumption. In mice, we deciphered the mechanisms by
which a high-fat diet (HFD) makes an impact on enteroendocrine cell density and function.
L-cell density in the jejunum was higher in obese subjects consuming >30 % fat
compared with low fat eaters. Mice fed a HFD for 8 weeks displayed an increase in
GLP-1-positive cells in the jejunum and colon accordingly to GLP-1 secretion. The
regulation by the HFD appears specific to GLP-1-producing cells, as the number of PYY
(peptide YY)-positive cells remained unchanged. Moreover, genetically obese
ob/ob mice did not show alteration of GLP-1-positive cell density in the
jejunum or colon, suggesting that obesity per se is not sufficient to
trigger the mechanism. The higher L-cell density in HFD-fed mice involved a rise in L-cell
terminal differentiation as witnessed by the increased expression of transcription factors
downstream of neurogenin3 (Ngn3). We suggest that the observed increase
in GLP-1-positive cell density triggered by high fat consumption in humans and mice might
favour insulin secretion and therefore constitute an adaptive response of the intestine to
balance diet-induced insulin resistance.
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