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Zhou YL, Guo ZJ, Liu F, Hang W, Kong M, Zhao CD, Liu AT, Peng M, Wang QL, Wang CW. [Geochemical Survey Method of Land Quality in Land Parcel Scale City: A Case Study of the Initial Area of the Xiong'an New District]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2021; 42:1989-2002. [PMID: 33742834 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202008133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the land quality geochemical survey achievement in the service of the accurate management of urban land resources, the initial area of the Xiong'an New District as urbanization pathfinder in China is chosen as the research subject. The sample points were set by differential classification, and the spatial interpolation accuracy of the soil elements at a plot scale and a quantitative assessment of the consistency of the land plot (pattern spot) prediction evaluation were studied under the conditions of different sampling densities. The regional geochemical variation values randomly distributed on the plane can be reflected quantitatively by differential classification sampling, which can meet the basic demand of the quality attribute of a single plot (map spot) by the accurate management of urban land resources. The spatial variability of soil elements is mostly middle to moderate, and Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Se, N, P, and other elements of high spatial variability are affected by human industrial and agricultural production activities. Under the same sampling density, the larger the element variation coefficient, the worse the spatial interpolation accuracy. Although the interpolation accuracy of the same element index is affected by the sampling density, the increase in the sampling density could not identify the continuous component on the structure of the soil element content. The soil environment is clean, and the heavy metal content is lower than the GB15618-2018 standard. The interpolation results are basically consistent with the grading results of the measured values, while the contents of N, P, and K of the nutrient indices vary greatly, and the predicted and measured geochemical grades of the plots (map spot) differ substantially under the influence of factors such as human disturbance and spatial variability. The quantitative evaluation of the six different sampling densities indicates that the 16 points·km-2 sampling density adopted in the geochemical survey and evaluation of urban land quality can satisfy the needs of an accurate control of urban land resources in the study area and similar areas. The research can provide key technologies to support and serve the accurate management of urban land resources for geochemical surveys and the evaluation of land quality in land parcel scale cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Zhou
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.,Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China.,Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Zhi-Juan Guo
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.,Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China.,Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.,Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China.,Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.,Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China.,Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Mu Kong
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.,Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China.,Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Chuan-Dong Zhao
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.,Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China.,Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Ai-Tao Liu
- Geological Survey Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Min Peng
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.,Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China.,Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Qiao-Lin Wang
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.,Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China.,Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Wang
- Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.,Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China.,Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
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Rappazzo KM, Messer LC, Jagai JS, Gray CL, Grabich SC, Lobdell DT. The associations between environmental quality and preterm birth in the United States, 2000-2005: a cross-sectional analysis. Environ Health 2015; 14:50. [PMID: 26051702 PMCID: PMC4464856 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many environmental factors have been independently associated with preterm birth (PTB). However, exposure is not isolated to a single environmental factor, but rather to many positive and negative factors that co-occur. The environmental quality index (EQI), a measure of cumulative environmental exposure across all US counties from 2000-2005, was used to investigate associations between ambient environment and PTB. METHODS With 2000-2005 birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics for the United States (n = 24,483,348), we estimated the association between increasing quintiles of the EQI and county-level and individual-level PTB; we also considered environmental domain-specific (air, water, land, sociodemographic and built environment) and urban-rural stratifications. RESULTS Effect estimates for the relationship between environmental quality and PTB varied by domain and by urban-rural strata but were consistent across county- and individual-level analyses. The county-level prevalence difference (PD (95% confidence interval) for the non-stratified EQI comparing the highest quintile (poorest environmental quality) to the lowest quintile (best environmental quality) was -0.0166 (-0.0198, -0.0134). The air and sociodemographic domains had the strongest associations with PTB; PDs were 0.0196 (0.0162, 0.0229) and -0.0262 (-0.0300, -0.0224) for the air and sociodemographic domain indices, respectively. Within the most urban strata, the PD for the sociodemographic domain index was 0.0256 (0.0205, 0.0307). Odds ratios (OR) for the individual-level analysis were congruent with PDs. CONCLUSION We observed both strong positive and negative associations between measures of broad environmental quality and preterm birth. Associations differed by rural-urban stratum and by the five environmental domains. Our study demonstrates the use of a large scale composite environment exposure metric with preterm birth, an important indicator of population health and shows potential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Rappazzo
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Lynne C Messer
- School of Community Health; College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Jyotsna S Jagai
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Christine L Gray
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Shannon C Grabich
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Danelle T Lobdell
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A more comprehensive estimate of environmental quality would improve our understanding of the relationship between environmental conditions and human health. An environmental quality index (EQI) for all counties in the U.S. was developed. METHODS The EQI was developed in four parts: domain identification; data source acquisition; variable construction; and data reduction. Five environmental domains (air, water, land, built and sociodemographic) were recognized. Within each domain, data sources were identified; each was temporally (years 2000-2005) and geographically (county) restricted. Variables were constructed for each domain and assessed for missingness, collinearity, and normality. Domain-specific data reduction was accomplished using principal components analysis (PCA), resulting in domain-specific indices. Domain-specific indices were then combined into an overall EQI using PCA. In each PCA procedure, the first principal component was retained. Both domain-specific indices and overall EQI were stratified by four rural-urban continuum codes (RUCC). Higher values for each index were set to correspond to areas with poorer environmental quality. RESULTS Concentrations of included variables differed across rural-urban strata, as did within-domain variable loadings, and domain index loadings for the EQI. In general, higher values of the air and sociodemographic indices were found in the more metropolitan areas and the most thinly populated areas have the lowest values of each of the domain indices. The less-urbanized counties (RUCC 3) demonstrated the greatest heterogeneity and range of EQI scores (-4.76, 3.57) while the thinly populated strata (RUCC 4) contained counties with the most positive scores (EQI score ranges from -5.86, 2.52). CONCLUSION The EQI holds promise for improving our characterization of the overall environment for public health. The EQI describes the non-residential ambient county-level conditions to which residents are exposed and domain-specific EQI loadings indicate which of the environmental domains account for the largest portion of the variability in the EQI environment. The EQI was constructed for all counties in the United States, incorporating a variety of data to provide a broad picture of environmental conditions. We undertook a reproducible approach that primarily utilized publically-available data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne C Messer
- School of Community Health; College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jyotsna S Jagai
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen M Rappazzo
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Oak Ridge, NC, USA
| | - Danelle T Lobdell
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Messer LC, Jagai JS, Rappazzo KM, Lobdell DT. Construction of an environmental quality index for public health research. Environ Health 2014; 13:39. [PMID: 24886426 PMCID: PMC4046025 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A more comprehensive estimate of environmental quality would improve our understanding of the relationship between environmental conditions and human health. An environmental quality index (EQI) for all counties in the U.S. was developed. METHODS The EQI was developed in four parts: domain identification; data source acquisition; variable construction; and data reduction. Five environmental domains (air, water, land, built and sociodemographic) were recognized. Within each domain, data sources were identified; each was temporally (years 2000-2005) and geographically (county) restricted. Variables were constructed for each domain and assessed for missingness, collinearity, and normality. Domain-specific data reduction was accomplished using principal components analysis (PCA), resulting in domain-specific indices. Domain-specific indices were then combined into an overall EQI using PCA. In each PCA procedure, the first principal component was retained. Both domain-specific indices and overall EQI were stratified by four rural-urban continuum codes (RUCC). Higher values for each index were set to correspond to areas with poorer environmental quality. RESULTS Concentrations of included variables differed across rural-urban strata, as did within-domain variable loadings, and domain index loadings for the EQI. In general, higher values of the air and sociodemographic indices were found in the more metropolitan areas and the most thinly populated areas have the lowest values of each of the domain indices. The less-urbanized counties (RUCC 3) demonstrated the greatest heterogeneity and range of EQI scores (-4.76, 3.57) while the thinly populated strata (RUCC 4) contained counties with the most positive scores (EQI score ranges from -5.86, 2.52). CONCLUSION The EQI holds promise for improving our characterization of the overall environment for public health. The EQI describes the non-residential ambient county-level conditions to which residents are exposed and domain-specific EQI loadings indicate which of the environmental domains account for the largest portion of the variability in the EQI environment. The EQI was constructed for all counties in the United States, incorporating a variety of data to provide a broad picture of environmental conditions. We undertook a reproducible approach that primarily utilized publically-available data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne C Messer
- School of Community Health; College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jyotsna S Jagai
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen M Rappazzo
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Oak Ridge, NC, USA
| | - Danelle T Lobdell
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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