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Djoufounna J, Takougan-Sonfouet L, Bamou R, Ngangue-Siewe IN, Mbiakop PN, Djiappi-Tchamen B, Tabue R, Achu-Fosah D, Ateba JM, Mayi MPA, Awono-Ambene P, Antonio-Nkondjio C, Tchuinkam T. Physical integrity and bioefficacy of used long-lasting insecticidal nets in Makenene, Centre Region of Cameroon. J Med Entomol 2024:tjae035. [PMID: 38461146 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) are the recommended tools against mosquito-borne diseases. However, their physical integrity and bioefficacy in the field could be affected by several factors. This study evaluated the physical integrity and bioefficacy of nets used in Makenene since 2016. Cross-sectional field surveys were carried out after 6 y. A questionnaire was first administered to the heads of households, and then the physical integrity of the LLINs was determined by calculating the proportional hole index (pHI). WHO cone bioassays were conducted to determine the bioefficacy of LLINs currently being used against wild strains of Anopheles gambiae s.l., Culex pipiens s.l., and laboratory-reared pyrethroid-susceptible strain of Anopheles coluzzii (Ngousso). Of the 167 LLINs examined in households, 39.5% were fairly good, 26.4% were acceptable, and 34.1% were damaged. The most torn faces of the nets were the sides used for entering and exiting. None of the 30 LLINs used for WHO cone bioassays was still effective against An. gambiae s.l. and Cx. pipiens s.l. while up to 85.7% of these LLINs were at least effective against the susceptible strain after 24 h, with a significant difference observed when comparing the mortality rates between wild and laboratory-susceptible strain of Anopheles (P-value < 0.01). Anopheles gambiae s.l. were all (100%) identified as An. gambiae s.s. by PCR. The LLINs distributed in Makenene since the 2016 campaign are only effective on susceptible strain and should be replaced for a better control of residual malaria transmission and the nuisance by Culex mosquitoes in the locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Djoufounna
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit for Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PoBox 067 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Laeticia Takougan-Sonfouet
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit for Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PoBox 067 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit for Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PoBox 067 Dschang, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Idriss N Ngangue-Siewe
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paulette N Mbiakop
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit for Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PoBox 067 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Raymond Tabue
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of public health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Dorothy Achu-Fosah
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of public health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Joel M Ateba
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of public health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Marie P A Mayi
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit for Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PoBox 067 Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Timoléon Tchuinkam
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit for Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang, PoBox 067 Dschang, Cameroon
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Dako-Gyeke P, Hornuvo R, Glozah FN, Asampong E, Tabong PTN, Nwameme A, Chandi GM, Peprah NY, Gittelman D, Adongo PB. Pilot implementation of community health advocacy teams to improve the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide net distribution through both campaigns and continuous channels in Ghana: a qualitative study of opportunities and barriers to implementation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1133151. [PMID: 37583887 PMCID: PMC10423875 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1133151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Ghana, the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) distributes long-lasting insecticide net (LLIN) to households for free through the periodic point mass distribution (PMD) campaign and continuous distribution to populations most vulnerable to malaria. It is known that the existence of effective and functional community-based groups could influence positive behaviours regarding health interventions promoted through health campaigns. However, there is no evidence of functional community-based groups that aim to improve the effectiveness of LLIN distribution campaigns by transitioning into primary healthcare delivery. This study aimed to explore the opportunities and barriers to the pilot implementation of co-created community health advocacy teams (CHATs) to improve the effectiveness of LLIN distribution through both campaigns and continuous channels in Ghana. Methods A qualitative research approach was used among 43 CHAT members across six communities in the Eastern and Volta regions of Ghana. The CHAT constitutes significant community actors whose roles are centred on key elements of community/social mobilisation and capacity building, all nested in social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) strategies. The CHATs were pilot implemented in all study communities for 4 months after which we identified opportunities and barriers during implementation. CHAT members participated in six focus group discussions which were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using the NVivo 13. Results CHATs were instrumental in sensitising community members through SBCC strategies. Moreover, there were changes in the behaviour of community members who were receptive towards and participated in CHAT activities. Community members were accurately informed about malaria (e.g., causes and preventive measures). However, the CHAT experienced barriers during implementation, including a lack of financial support to aid in transportation, organisation of meetings, and outreach activities. Additionally, the level of participation by CHAT members in activities and the medium of communication among members were key areas of concern. Conclusion The CHATs would be instrumental in promoting LLINs' use during and after PMD campaigns through community outreaches. It is therefore necessary to provide resources to support their operations and a good network to address communication barriers. Finally, continuous capacity strengthening of CHAT members by the NMCP is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Dako-Gyeke
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ruby Hornuvo
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Franklin N. Glozah
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Asampong
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Philip Teg-Nefaah Tabong
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adanna Nwameme
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gloria. M. Chandi
- Ghana Health Service, Ga North Municipal Health Directorate, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - David Gittelman
- Health Campaign Effectiveness Coalition, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Philip B. Adongo
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Kuhar TP, Short BD, Krawczyk G, Leskey TC. Deltamethrin-Incorporated Nets as an Integrated Pest Management Tool for the Invasive Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:543-545. [PMID: 28334163 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs), which have insecticide incorporated within the fibers, have been widely used for control of malaria and other insect-vectored diseases. Only recently have researchers begun exploring their use for control of agricultural pests. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of a deltamethrin-incorporated LLIN, ZeroFly (Vestergaard-Frandsen, Washington, DC) for control of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål). In the lab, exposure to the ZeroFly net for 10 s resulted in >90% mortality of H. halys nymphs and >40% mortality of H. halys adults. Longer exposure to the net resulted in higher mortality. In another experiment, a 15-cm2 sheet of ZeroFly net placed inside of the stink bug trap provided long-lasting kill of H. halys adults equal to or better than standard dichlorvos kill strip. Potential for the use of ZeroFly nets for H. halys IPM is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0319
| | - B D Short
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771 (; )
| | - G Krawczyk
- Fruit Research and Extension Center, Pennsylvania State University, Biglerville, PA 17307-0330
| | - T C Leskey
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771 (; )
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