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Baliu-Piqué M, van Hoeven V, Drylewicz J, van der Wagen LE, Janssen A, Otto SA, van Zelm MC, de Boer RJ, Kuball J, Borghans JA, Tesselaar K. Cell-density independent increased lymphocyte production and loss rates post-autologous HSCT. eLife 2021; 10:59775. [PMID: 33538246 PMCID: PMC7886352 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte numbers need to be quite tightly regulated. It is generally assumed that lymphocyte production and lifespan increase homeostatically when lymphocyte numbers are low and, vice versa, return to normal once cell numbers have normalized. This widely accepted concept is largely based on experiments in mice, but is hardly investigated in vivo in humans. Here we quantified lymphocyte production and loss rates in vivo in patients 0.5–1 year after their autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT). We indeed found that the production rates of most T- and B-cell subsets in autoHSCT-patients were two to eight times higher than in healthy controls, but went hand in hand with a threefold to ninefold increase in cell loss rates. Both rates also did not normalize when cell numbers did. This shows that increased lymphocyte production and loss rates occur even long after autoHSCT and can persist in the face of apparently normal cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Baliu-Piqué
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Vera van Hoeven
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julia Drylewicz
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Anke Janssen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sigrid A Otto
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rob J de Boer
- Theoretical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jose Am Borghans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Dahlke C, Lunemann S, Kasonta R, Kreuels B, Schmiedel S, Ly ML, Fehling SK, Strecker T, Becker S, Altfeld M, Sow A, Lohse AW, Muñoz-Fontela C, Addo MM. Comprehensive Characterization of Cellular Immune Responses Following Ebola Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:287-292. [PMID: 27799354 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak was the largest EVD outbreak in history. However, data on lymphocyte dynamics and the antigen specificity of T cells in Ebola survivors are scarce, and our understanding of EVD pathophysiology is limited. A case of EVD survival in which the patient cleared Ebola virus (EBOV) infection without experimental drugs allowed for the detailed examination of lymphocyte dynamics. We demonstrate the persistence of T-cell activation well beyond viral clearance and detect EBOV-specific T cells. Our study provides significant insights into lymphocyte specificity during the recovery phase of EVD and may inform novel strategies to treat EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dahlke
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute,Hamburg
| | - Rahel Kasonta
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
| | - Benno Kreuels
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Stefan Schmiedel
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - My L Ly
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
| | - Sarah K Fehling
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Braunschweig.,Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Strecker
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Braunschweig.,Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Braunschweig.,Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Hamburg.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
| | | | - Ansgar W Lohse
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute,Hamburg
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
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Abstract
Viral dynamics were intensively investigated in eight patients with acute HIV infection to define the earliest rates of change in plasma HIV RNA before and after the start of antiretroviral therapy. We report the first estimates of the basic reproductive number (R(0)), the number of cells infected by the progeny of an infected cell during its lifetime when target cells are not depleted. The mean initial viral doubling time was 10 h, and the peak of viremia occurred 21 d after reported HIV exposure. The spontaneous rate of decline (alpha) was highly variable among individuals. The phase 1 viral decay rate (delta(I) = 0.3/day) in subjects initiating potent antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV infection was similar to estimates from treated subjects with chronic HIV infection. The doubling time in two subjects who discontinued antiretroviral therapy was almost five times slower than during acute infection. The mean basic reproductive number (R(0)) of 19.3 during the logarithmic growth phase of primary HIV infection suggested that a vaccine or postexposure prophylaxis of at least 95% efficacy would be needed to extinguish productive viral infection in the absence of drug resistance or viral latency. These measurements provide a basis for comparison of vaccine and other strategies and support the validity of the simian immunodeficiency virus macaque model of acute HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Little
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92103, USA.
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