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Masi M, Racchi M, Travelli C, Corsini E, Buoso E. Molecular Characterization of Membrane Steroid Receptors in Hormone-Sensitive Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:2999. [PMID: 34831222 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, and its development is a result of the complex interaction of genetic factors, environmental cues, and aging. Hormone-sensitive cancers depend on the action of one or more hormones for their development and progression. Sex steroids and corticosteroids can regulate different physiological functions, including metabolism, growth, and proliferation, through their interaction with specific nuclear receptors, that can transcriptionally regulate target genes via their genomic actions. Therefore, interference with hormones’ activities, e.g., deregulation of their production and downstream pathways or the exposition to exogenous hormone-active substances such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), can affect the regulation of their correlated pathways and trigger the neoplastic transformation. Although nuclear receptors account for most hormone-related biologic effects and their slow genomic responses are well-studied, less-known membrane receptors are emerging for their ability to mediate steroid hormones effects through the activation of rapid non-genomic responses also involved in the development of hormone-sensitive cancers. This review aims to collect pre-clinical and clinical data on these extranuclear receptors not only to draw attention to their emerging role in cancer development and progression but also to highlight their dual role as tumor microenvironment players and potential candidate drug targets.
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Wu XJ, Liu DT, Chen S, Hong W, Zhu Y. Impaired oocyte maturation and ovulation in membrane progestin receptor ( mPR) knockouts in zebrafish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110856. [PMID: 32387526 PMCID: PMC7305657 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggest that membrane progestin receptor α (mPRα) is the membrane receptor mediating nongenomic progestin signaling that induces oocyte maturation in teleost. However, the involvement of other members of mPR family in oocyte maturation is still unclear. In this study, we found impaired oocyte maturation in zebrafish lacking mPRα1, mPRα2, mPRβ, or mPRγ2. In contrast, no difference was observed in oocyte maturation in the single knockout of mPRγ1, mPRδ, or mPRε. To study possible redundant functions of different mPRs in oocyte maturation, we generated a zebrafish line lacking all seven kinds of mPRs (mprs-/-). We found oocyte maturation was further impaired in mprs-/-. In addition, oocyte ovulation delay was observed in mprs-/- females, which was associated with low levels of nuclear progestin receptor (Pgr), a key regulator for ovulation. We also found reduced fertility in mprs-/- female zebrafish. Furthermore, eggs spawned by mprs-/- females were of poor quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jun Wu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Dong-Teng Liu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Shixi Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Wanshu Hong
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, PR China.
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Rahnama R, Rafiee M, Fouladi S, Akbari-Fakhrabadi M, Mehrabian F, Rezaei A. Gene expression analysis of membrane progesterone receptors in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion: a case control study. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:790. [PMID: 31801604 PMCID: PMC6894300 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a condition which is defined as three consecutive pregnancy losses prior to 20 weeks from the last menstrual period. Progesterone is a steroid hormone that has an essential role in the implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. The progesterone signaling is performed by nuclear progesterone receptors (NPRs) and membrane progesterone receptors (mPR). The aim of this study was to analyze gene expression of mPR-α, mPR-β and NPR in the endometrium of patients with a history of RSA compared to normal fertile women. Results In this study, endometrial samples were obtained from 10 women with a history of RSA and 10 fertile women during days 10–14 of menstrual cycle. Relative expression of mPR-α, mPR-β and NPR genes were studied by a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and compared between the two groups. The mean relative expression of mPR-β gene was significantly lower in the case group compared to the fertile women (p < 0.05). However, the gene expression of mPR-α and NPR showed no significant difference between two groups. The findings suggest a reduction of endometrial gene expression of mPR-β in RSA patients may play an important role in pathogenesis of RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Rahnama
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mitra Rafiee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saloomeh Fouladi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari-Fakhrabadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ferdos Mehrabian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Sinreih M, Knific T, Thomas P, Frković Grazio S, Rižner TL. Membrane progesterone receptors β and γ have potential as prognostic biomarkers of endometrial cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:303-311. [PMID: 29353001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. EC is linked to chronic exposure to estrogens that is unopposed by protective effects of progesterone. Progesterone modulates gene expression via classical nuclear receptors, and has rapid effects via the less characterized membrane-bound progesterone receptors (mPRs) of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family. The presence of mPRs in EC has not been investigated to date. The aims of this study were to examine PAQR7, PAQR8 and PAQR5, which encode for mPRα, mPRβ and mPRγ, respectively, for their expression and localization in EC tissue and adjacent control endometrium. Our results reveal decreased expression of PAQR7 and PAQR8, and unaltered expression of PAQR5 in EC versus control tissue. Expression of PAQR5 was decreased in EC with higher FIGO stage versus stage IA. Immunohistochemistry revealed lower levels of mPRα and mPRβ, but higher levels of mPRγ, in EC versus control tissue. There was greater decrease in mPRβ levels in tumors with lymphovascular invasion. The analysis of the expression data associates higher PAQR5 mRNA and mPRβ protein levels with favorable patient prognosis. Immunohistochemistry showed diverse localizations of mPRs in control and cancer endometrium. In control endometrium, mPRα and mPRβ were localized mostly at the cell membranes, while mPRγ was localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. In cancer endometrium, mPRα and mPRβ were detected at the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm, or both, while mPRγ was only localized in the cytoplasm. Taken together, these results imply that mPRs are involved in EC pathogenesis through effects on the development or progression of cancer. The potential role of mPRβ and mPRγ as prognostic biomarkers needs to be further assessed on a larger number of samples.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Sinreih
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Knific
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Snježana Frković Grazio
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Mittelman-Smith MA, Wong AM, Micevych PE. Estrogen and Progesterone Integration in an in vitro Model of RP3V Kisspeptin Neurons. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 106:101-115. [PMID: 28384629 PMCID: PMC5750133 DOI: 10.1159/000471878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Positive feedback on gonadotropin release requires not only estrogen but also progesterone to activate neural circuits. In rodents, ovarian estradiol (E2) stimulates progesterone synthesis in hypothalamic astrocytes (neuroP), needed for the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Kisspeptin (kiss) neurons are the principal stimulators of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, and disruption of kiss signaling abrogates the LH surge. Similarly, blocking steroid synthesis in the hypothalamus or deleting classical progesterone receptor (PGR) selectively in kiss neurons prevents the LH surge. These results suggest a synergistic action of E2 and progesterone in kiss neurons to affect gonadotropin release. The mHypoA51, immortalized kiss-expressing neuronal cell line derived from adult female mice, is a tractable model for examining integration of steroid signaling underlying estrogen positive feedback. Here, we report that kiss neurons in vitro integrate E2 and progesterone signaling to increase levels of kiss translation and release. mHypoA51 neurons expressed nonclassical membrane progesterone receptors (mPRα and mPRβ) and E2-inducible PGR, required for progesterone-augmentation of E2-induced kiss expression. With astrocyte-conditioned media or in mHypoA51-astrocyte co-culture, neuroP augmented stimulatory effects of E2 on kiss protein. Progesterone activation of classical, membrane-localized PGR led to activation of MAPK and Src kinases. Importantly, progesterone or Src activation induced release of kiss from E2-primed mHypoA51 neurons. Consistent with previous studies, the present results provide compelling evidence that the interaction of E2 and progesterone stimulates kiss expression and release. Further, these results demonstrate a mechanism though which peripheral E2 may prime kiss neurons to respond to neuroP, mediating estrogen positive feedback.
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Lin CC, Chen JT, Lin MW, Chan CH, Wen YF, Wu SB, Chung TW, Lyu KW, Chou HC, Chan HL. Identification of protein expression alterations in gefitinib-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma: PCNT and mPR play key roles in the development of gefitinib-associated resistance. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:359-73. [PMID: 26298006 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gefitinib is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which comprises nearly 85% of all lung cancer cases worldwide. However, most patients eventually develop drug resistance after 12-18 months of treatment. Hence, investigating the drug resistance mechanism and resistance-associated biomarkers is necessary. Two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, PC9 and gefitinib-resistant PC9/Gef, were established for examining resistance mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used for examining global protein expression changes between PC9 and PC9/Gef. The results revealed that 164 identified proteins were associated with the formation of gefitinib resistance in PC9 cells. Additional studies using RNA interference showed that progesterone receptor membrane component 1 and pericentrin proteins have major roles in gefitinib resistance. In conclusion, the proteomic approach enabled identifying of numerous proteins involved in gefitinib resistance. The results provide useful diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for treating gefitinib-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Feng Wen
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Bei Wu
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chung
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kevin W Lyu
- Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Global Scholars Program, St. George's University/Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Petersen SL, Intlekofer KA, Moura-Conlon PJ, Brewer DN, Del Pino Sans J, Lopez JA. Nonclassical progesterone signalling molecules in the nervous system. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:991-1001. [PMID: 23763432 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) regulates a wide range of cognitive, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and neuroprotective functions. Therefore, it is not surprising that this ovarian hormone acts through multiple receptors. Ever since the 1980s, studies investigating the neural effects of P4 have focused mainly on genomic and nongenomic actions of the classical progestin receptor (PGR). More recently, two groups of nonclassical P4 signalling molecules have been identified: (i) the class II progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, which includes PAQR 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, also called membrane progestin receptor α (mPRα; PAQR7), mPRβ (PAQR8), mPRγ (PAQR5), mPRδ (PAQR6) and mPRε (PAQR9), and (ii) the b5-like haeme/steroid-binding protein family, which includes progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1), Pgrmc2, neudesin and neuferricin. In this review, we describe the structures, neuroanatomical localisation and signalling mechanisms of these molecules. We also discuss gonadotrophin-releasing hormone regulation as an example of a physiological function regulated by multiple progesterone receptors but through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Petersen
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Schumacher M, Mattern C, Ghoumari A, Oudinet JP, Liere P, Labombarda F, Sitruk-Ware R, De Nicola AF, Guennoun R. Revisiting the roles of progesterone and allopregnanolone in the nervous system: resurgence of the progesterone receptors. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 113:6-39. [PMID: 24172649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is commonly considered as a female reproductive hormone and is well-known for its role in pregnancy. It is less well appreciated that progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone are also male hormones, as they are produced in both sexes by the adrenal glands. In addition, they are synthesized within the nervous system. Progesterone and allopregnanolone are associated with adaptation to stress, and increased production of progesterone within the brain may be part of the response of neural cells to injury. Progesterone receptors (PR) are widely distributed throughout the brain, but their study has been mainly limited to the hypothalamus and reproductive functions, and the extra-hypothalamic receptors have been neglected. This lack of information about brain functions of PR is unexpected, as the protective and trophic effects of progesterone are much investigated, and as the therapeutic potential of progesterone as a neuroprotective and promyelinating agent is currently being assessed in clinical trials. The little attention devoted to the brain functions of PR may relate to the widely accepted assumption that non-reproductive actions of progesterone may be mainly mediated by allopregnanolone, which does not bind to PR, but acts as a potent positive modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A) receptors. The aim of this review is to critically discuss effects of progesterone on the nervous system via PR, and of allopregnanolone via its modulation of GABA(A) receptors, with main focus on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schumacher
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - C Mattern
- M et P Pharma AG, Emmetten, Switzerland
| | - A Ghoumari
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - J P Oudinet
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - P Liere
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - F Labombarda
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sitruk-Ware
- Population Council and Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - A F De Nicola
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Guennoun
- UMR 788 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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