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Xing YL, Panovska D, Petritsch CK. Successes and challenges in modeling heterogeneous BRAF V600E mutated central nervous system neoplasms. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1223199. [PMID: 37920169 PMCID: PMC10619673 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1223199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are difficult to treat due to their sensitive location. Over the past two decades, the availability of patient tumor materials facilitated large scale genomic and epigenomic profiling studies, which have resulted in detailed insights into the molecular underpinnings of CNS tumorigenesis. Based on results from these studies, CNS tumors have high molecular and cellular intra-tumoral and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. CNS cancer models have yet to reflect the broad diversity of CNS tumors and patients and the lack of such faithful cancer models represents a major bottleneck to urgently needed innovations in CNS cancer treatment. Pediatric cancer model development is lagging behind adult tumor model development, which is why we focus this review on CNS tumors mutated for BRAFV600E which are more prevalent in the pediatric patient population. BRAFV600E-mutated CNS tumors exhibit high inter-tumoral heterogeneity, encompassing clinically and histopathological diverse tumor types. Moreover, BRAFV600E is the second most common alteration in pediatric low-grade CNS tumors, and low-grade tumors are notoriously difficult to recapitulate in vitro and in vivo. Although the mutation predominates in low-grade CNS tumors, when combined with other mutations, most commonly CDKN2A deletion, BRAFV600E-mutated CNS tumors are prone to develop high-grade features, and therefore BRAFV600E-mutated CNS are a paradigm for tumor progression. Here, we describe existing in vitro and in vivo models of BRAFV600E-mutated CNS tumors, including patient-derived cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, syngeneic models, and genetically engineered mouse models, along with their advantages and shortcomings. We discuss which research gaps each model might be best suited to answer, and identify those areas in model development that need to be strengthened further. We highlight areas of potential research focus that will lead to the heightened predictive capacity of preclinical studies, allow for appropriate validation, and ultimately improve the success of "bench to bedside" translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia K. Petritsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Wußmann M, Groeber-Becker FK, Riedl S, Alihodzic D, Padaric D, Gerlitz L, Stallinger A, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Zweytick D, Rinner B. In Model, In Vitro and In Vivo Killing Efficacy of Antitumor Peptide RDP22 on MUG-Mel2, a Patient Derived Cell Line of an Aggressive Melanoma Metastasis. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36428530 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The host defense derived peptide was assessed in different model systems with increasing complexity employing the highly aggressive NRAS mutated melanoma metastases cell line MUG-Mel2. Amongst others, fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, as well as cell death studies were applied for liposomal, 2D and 3D in vitro models including tumor spheroids without or within skin models and in vivo mouse xenografts. Summarized, MUG-Mel2 cells were shown to significantly expose the negatively charged lipid phosphatidylserine on their plasma membranes, showing they are successfully targeted by RDP22. The peptide was able to induce cell death in MUG-Mel2 2D and 3D cultures, where it was able to kill tumor cells even inside the core of tumor spheroids or inside a melanoma organotypic model. In vitro studies indicated cell death by apoptosis upon peptide treatment with an LC50 of 8.5 µM and seven-fold specificity for the melanoma cell line MUG-Mel2 over normal dermal fibroblasts. In vivo studies in mice xenografts revealed effective tumor regression upon intratumoral peptide injection, indicated by the strong clearance of pigmented tumor cells and tremendous reduction in tumor size and proliferation, which was determined histologically. The peptide RDP22 has clearly shown high potential against the melanoma cell line MUG-Mel2 in vitro and in vivo.
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Longo E, Sancey L, Cedola A, Barbier EL, Bravin A, Brun F, Bukreeva I, Fratini M, Massimi L, Greving I, Le Duc G, Tillement O, De La Rochefoucauld O, Zeitoun P. 3D Spatial Distribution of Nanoparticles in Mice Brain Metastases by X-ray Phase-Contrast Tomography. Front Oncol 2021; 11:554668. [PMID: 34113554 PMCID: PMC8185349 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.554668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing nanoparticles (NPs) distribution in multiple and complex metastases is of fundamental relevance for the development of radiological protocols based on NPs administration. In the literature, there have been advances in monitoring NPs in tissues. However, the lack of 3D information is still an issue. X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) is a 3D label-free, non-invasive and multi-scale approach allowing imaging anatomical details with high spatial and contrast resolutions. Here an XPCT qualitative study on NPs distribution in a mouse brain model of melanoma metastases injected with gadolinium-based NPs for theranostics is presented. For the first time, XPCT images show the NPs uptake at micrometer resolution over the full brain. Our results revealed a heterogeneous distribution of the NPs inside the melanoma metastases, bridging the gap in spatial resolution between magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Our findings demonstrated that XPCT is a reliable technique for NPs detection and can be considered as an emerging method for the study of NPs distribution in organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Longo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Materials Physics, Geesthacht, Germany.,Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée UMR7639, ENSTA-CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences U1209 UMR5309 UGA, Allée des Alpes-Site Santé, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Inna Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR, Rome-Unit, Rome, Italy.,P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR, Rome-Unit, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR, Rome-Unit, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Imke Greving
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Materials Physics, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut lumière-matière, UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Philippe Zeitoun
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée UMR7639, ENSTA-CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
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Conrad A, Reinehr M, Holzmann D, Mangana J, Wanner M, Huellner M, Barnhill RL, Lugassy C, Lindenblatt N, Mihic-Probst D. Progressive Disease in Sentinel-negative Melanoma Patients: Biological Differences and Importance of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:891-899. [PMID: 32014933 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Among the most important prognostic factors in melanoma is the sentinel lymph node (SLN) status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using our electronic database we identified 109 of 890 SLN-negative patients with progressive disease (PD). These patients were characterized for melanoma type, molecular type, sequence and extent of metastatic spread. RESULTS A total of 61 of 109 SLN-negative patients had PD in the SLN-basin indicating false-negative SLN (group-1). Forty eight of 109 patients had PD at distant sites and were therefore impossible to be identified using SLN biopsy (group-2). Despite distant spread these patients had significantly more single organ metastasis (p<0.001) and significantly longer disease-free-survival (p=0.001) compared to group-1. Additionally, to significant differences on a molecular basis between the two groups (p=0.01), all lentigo maligna and spindle-cell-melanomas belonged to group-2 and all, except one lentigo maligna melanoma, had single visceral metastasis. CONCLUSION Two different biological groups among SLN-negative patients with PD were demonstrated. Extravascular-migratory-metastasis, rather than hematogenous spread, might be responsible for the observed PD with single organ involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Conrad
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Reinehr
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Holzmann
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Mangana
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Wanner
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Cancer Registry Zurich and Zug, University Hospital Zurich, and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Huellner
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raymond L Barnhill
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Research, Institute Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claire Lugassy
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Research, Institute Curie, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Mihic-Probst
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland .,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ricotti F, Giuliodori K, Cataldi I, Campanati A, Ganzetti G, Ricotti G, Offidani A. Electrochemotherapy: an effective local treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous melanoma metastases. Dermatol Ther 2013; 27:148-52. [PMID: 24903471 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous melanoma metastases is still represents a therapeutic challenge for both dermatologists and oncologists. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a promising therapeutic procedure, owing to its ability to improve the penetration of cytotoxic drugs into cancer cells by application of current electric pulses. The aim of our study is to evaluate efficacy, tolerability and long-term efficacy of ECT in the treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma. Thirty patients affected by a total of 654 cutaneous and subcutaneous melanoma metastatic nodules were recruited. All patients were treated after they had undergone to a mild general anesthesia. Intravenous Bleomicina solution was administered 8 minutes before the application of electric pulses, generated by a Cliniporator (TM) (the device validated for ECT). The objective response rate of 100% (67.28% complete response and 32.72% partial response) was observed. A total of 214 metastatic lesions from 24 patients received a second ECT session, among them 141 showed a further complete response. Twenty-four months later, the local tumor control rate was 72%. The results of this study seem to demonstrate that ECT is an effective and valid therapeutic tool for the treatment of cutaneous metastases from melanoma. ECT can be considered a first-line palliative treatment since it is able to alleviate pain and reduce the tumor's spontaneous bleeding with a significant improve of patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ricotti
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
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