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Wang X, Im S, Jung B, Wu J, Iddya A, Javier QRA, Xiao M, Ma S, Lu S, Jaewon B, Zhang J, Ren ZJ, Maravelias CT, Hoek EMV, Jassby D. Simple and Low-Cost Electroactive Membranes for Ammonia Recovery. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37318093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is considered a contaminant to be removed from wastewater. However, ammonia is a valuable commodity chemical used as the primary feedstock for fertilizer manufacturing. Here we describe a simple and low-cost ammonia gas stripping membrane capable of recovering ammonia from wastewater. The material is composed of an electrically conducting porous carbon cloth coupled to a porous hydrophobic polypropylene support, that together form an electrically conductive membrane (ECM). When a cathodic potential is applied to the ECM surface, hydroxide ions are produced at the water-ECM interface, which transforms ammonium ions into higher-volatility ammonia that is stripped across the hydrophobic membrane material using an acid-stripping solution. The simple structure, low cost, and easy fabrication process make the ECM an attractive material for ammonia recovery from dilute aqueous streams, such as wastewater. When paired with an anode and immersed into a reactor containing synthetic wastewater (with an acid-stripping solution providing the driving force for ammonia transport), the ECM achieved an ammonia flux of 141.3 ± 14.0 g.cm-2.day-1 at a current density of 6.25 mA.cm-2 (69.2 ± 5.3 kg(NH3-N)/kWh). It was found that the ammonia flux was sensitive to the current density and acid circulation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sungju Im
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bongyeon Jung
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jishan Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arpita Iddya
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Quezada-Renteria A Javier
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Minhao Xiao
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shengcun Ma
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sidan Lu
- Andlinger Center for Energy and Environment, Princeton University 86 Olden St, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University 50-70 Olden St, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Los Angeles, Caliornia 90095, United States
| | - Byun Jaewon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University 50-70 Olden St, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jeffrey Zhang
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Los Angeles, Caliornia 90095, United States
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Los Angeles, Caliornia 90095, United States
- Princeton University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and The Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Christos T Maravelias
- Andlinger Center for Energy and Environment, Princeton University 86 Olden St, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Los Angeles, Caliornia 90095, United States
- Princeton University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and The Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Eric M V Hoek
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- UCLA California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- UCLA Institute of the Environment & Sustainability, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David Jassby
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- UCLA California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- UCLA Institute of the Environment & Sustainability, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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2
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Kalmykov D, Shirokikh S, Grushevenko EA, Legkov SA, Bondarenko GN, Anokhina TS, Molchanov S, Bazhenov SD. Stability of Porous Polymeric Membranes in Amine Solvents for Membrane Contactor Applications. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:544. [PMID: 37367748 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane gas-liquid contactors have great potential to meet the challenges of amine CO2 capture. In this case, the most effective approach is the use of composite membranes. However, to obtain these, it is necessary to take into account the chemical and morphological resistance of membrane supports to long-term exposure to amine absorbents and their oxidative degradation products. In this work, we studied the chemical and morphological stability of a number of commercial porous polymeric membranes exposed to various types of alkanolamines with the addition of heat-stable salt anions as a model of real industrial CO2 amine solvents. The results of the physicochemical analysis of the chemical and morphological stability of porous polymer membranes after exposure to alkanolamines, their oxidative degradation products, and oxygen scavengers were presented. According to the results of studies by FTIR spectroscopy and AFM, a significant destruction of porous membranes based on polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES) and polyamide (nylon, PA) was revealed. At the same time, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes had relatively high stability. On the basis of these results, composite membranes with porous supports that are stable in amine solvents can be successfully obtained to create liquid-liquid and gas-liquid membrane contactors for membrane deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kalmykov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Shirokikh
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia A Grushevenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Legkov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina N Bondarenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Anokhina
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Molchanov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan D Bazhenov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Schmitt A, Mendret J, Cheikho H, Brosillon S. Ozone Diffusion through a Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor for Pharmaceuticals Removal and Bromate Minimization. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 36837674 PMCID: PMC9959604 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, ozonation has been advocated as a solution to tackle emerging contaminants. Hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMC) have a lower residual ozone concentration than bubble reactors that could limit the formation of potential ozonation by-products, especially bromates that are regulated in drinking water. The aim of this study was to evaluate ozonation with HFMC for pharmaceutical abatement and bromate minimization compared to bubble columns in wastewater. A HFMC, composed of 65 polytetrafluoroethylene hollow fibers with a 0.45 mm/0.87 mm inner/external diameter and a 0.107 m² exchange surface, was used for the ozonation of real-treated wastewater spiked with 2 µM of p-chlorobenzoic acid (p-CBA) and 3 mg.L-1 of bromide. p-CBA was tracked to monitor the production of strongly-oxidant hydroxyl radicals from the decomposition of the molecular ozone. At 100% p-CBA abatement, 1600 µg.L-1 of bromate was formed with the HFMC, whereas 3486 µg.L-1 was formed with the bubble column. These results demonstrate that HFMC can produce a significant amount of hydroxyl radicals while limiting bromate formation in real-treated wastewater. The test water was also spiked with carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole to evaluate the abatement efficiency of the process. Short contact times (approximately 2s) achieved high rates of pharmaceuticals removal without bromate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Mendret
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(46)-7144624; Fax: +33-(46)-7149119
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Kalmykov D, Balynin A, Yushkin A, Grushevenko E, Sokolov S, Malakhov A, Volkov A, Bazhenov S. Membranes Based on PTMSP/PVTMS Blends for Membrane Contactor Applications. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:1160. [PMID: 36422152 PMCID: PMC9698258 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, perspective polymeric materials were developed for membrane contactor applications, e.g., for the dissolved oxygen removal from amine CO2 capture solvents. Several polymeric blends based on poly[1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne] (PTMSP) and poly[vinyltrimethylsilane] (PVTMS) were studied. The gas and water vapor sorption and permeability coefficients for the PTMSP/PVTMS blend membranes at different PVTMS contents (0-100%) were obtained under temperatures of 30 and 60 °C for the first time. As the PVTMS content increases, the O2 and CO2 permeabilities decrease by 160 and 195 times at 30 °C, respectively. The fractional accessible volume of the polymer blends decreases accordingly. The transport of the CO2 capture solvent vapors through the PTMSP/PVTMS blend membranes were determined in thermo-pervaporation (TPV) mode using aqueous monoethanolamine (30%), N-methyldiethanolamine (40%), and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (30%) solutions as model amine solvents at 60 °C. The membranes demonstrated high pervaporation separation factors with respect to water, resulting in low amine losses. A joint analysis of the gas permeabilities and aqueous alkanolamine TPV data allowed us to conclude that the polymer blend composition of PTMSP/PVTMS 70/30 provides an optimal combination of a sufficiently high oxygen permeability and the pervaporation separation factor at a temperature of 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kalmykov
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (A.V.); Tel.: +7-495-647-59-27 (ext. 2-02) (D.K.); +7-495-955-48-93 (A.V.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexey Volkov
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (A.V.); Tel.: +7-495-647-59-27 (ext. 2-02) (D.K.); +7-495-955-48-93 (A.V.)
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5
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Ghasem N. Modeling and Simulation of the Impact of Feed Gas Perturbation on CO 2 Removal in a Polymeric Hollow Fiber Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183783. [PMID: 36145927 PMCID: PMC9503869 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A membrane contactor is a device that attains the transfer of gas/liquid or liquid/liquid mass without dispersion of one phase within another. Membrane contactor modules generally provide 30 times more surface area than can be achieved in traditional gas absorption towers and 500 times what can be obtained in liquid/liquid extraction columns. By contrast, membrane contactor design has limitations, as the presence of the membrane adds additional resistance to mass transfer compared with conventional solvent absorption systems. Increasing mass transfer in the gas and solvent phase boundary layers is necessary to reduce additional resistance. This study aims to increase the mass transfer in the gas phase layer without interfering with membrane structure by oscillating the velocity of the feed gas. Therefore, an unsteady state mathematical model was improved to consider feed gas oscillation. The model equation was solved using Comsol Multiphysics version 6.0. The simulation results reveal that the maximum CO2 removal rate was about 30% without oscillation, and at an oscillation frequency of 0.05 Hz, the CO2 percent removal was almost doubled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayef Ghasem
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain City P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Righetto I, Al-Juboori RA, Kaljunen JU, Huynh N, Mikola A. Nitrogen Recovery from Landfill Leachate Using Lab- and Pilot-Scale Membrane Contactors: Research into Fouling Development and Membrane Characterization Effects. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:membranes12090837. [PMID: 36135856 PMCID: PMC9503888 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane contactor technology affords great opportunities for nitrogen recovery from waste streams. This study presents a performance comparison between lab- and pilot-scale membrane contactors using landfill leachate samples. Polypropylene (PP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers in different dimensions were compared in terms of ammonia (NH3) recovery on a lab scale using a synthetic ammonium solution. The effect of pre-treating the leachate with tannin coagulation on nitrogen recovery was also evaluated. An ammonia transfer on the lab and pilot scale was scrutinized using landfill leachate as a feed solution. It was found that PTFE fibers performed better than PP fibers. Among PTFE fibers, the most porous one (denoted as M1) had the highest NH3 flux of 19.2 g/m2.h. Tannin pre-treatment reduced fouling and increased NH3, which in turn improved nitrogen recovery. The mass transfer coefficient of the lab-scale reactor was more than double that of the pilot reactor (1.80 × 10-7 m/s vs. 4.45 × 10-7 m/s). This was likely attributed to the difference in reactor design. An analysis of the membrane surface showed that the landfill leachate caused a combination of inorganic and organic fouling. Cleaning with UV and 0.01 M H2O2 was capable of removing the fouling completely and restoring the membrane characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Righetto
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Raed A. Al-Juboori
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Juho Uzkurt Kaljunen
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ngoc Huynh
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Anna Mikola
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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7
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Grushevenko E, Balynin A, Ashimov R, Sokolov S, Legkov S, Bondarenko G, Borisov I, Sadeghi M, Bazhenov S, Volkov A. Hydrophobic Ag-Containing Polyoctylmethylsiloxane-Based Membranes for Ethylene/Ethane Separation in Gas-Liquid Membrane Contactor. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081625. [PMID: 35458375 PMCID: PMC9029088 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of gas-liquid membrane contactors for ethane-ethylene separation seems to offer a good alternative to conventional energy-intensive processes. This work aims to develop new hydrophobic composite membranes with active ethylene carriers and to demonstrate their potential for ethylene/ethane separation in gas-liquid membrane contactors. For the first time, hybrid membrane materials based on polyoctylmethylsiloxane (POMS) and silver tetrafluoroborate, with a Si:Ag ratio of 10:0.11 and 10:2.2, have been obtained. This technique allowed us to obtain POMS-based membranes with silver nanoparticles (8 nm), which are dispersed in the polymer matrix. The dispersion of silver in the POMS matrix is confirmed by the data IR-spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence analyses. These membranes combine the hydrophobicity of POMS and the selectivity of silver ions toward ethylene. It was shown that ethylene sorption at 600 mbar rises from 0.89 cm3(STP)/g to 3.212 cm3(STP)/g with an increase of Ag content in POMS from 0 to 9 wt%. Moreover, the membrane acquires an increased sorption affinity for ethylene. The ethylene/ethane sorption selectivity of POMS is 0.64; for the membrane with 9 wt% silver nanoparticles, the ethylene/ethane sorption selectivity was 2.46. Based on the hybrid material, POMS-Ag, composite membranes were developed on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) porous support, with a selective layer thickness of 5–10 µm. The transport properties of the membranes were studied by separating a binary mixture of ethylene/ethane at 20/80% vol. It has been shown that the addition of silver nanoparticles to the POMS matrix leads to a decrease in the ethylene permeability, but ethylene/ethane selectivity increases from 0.9 (POMS) to 1.3 (9 wt% Ag). It was noted that when the POMS-Ag membrane is exposed to the gas mixture flow for 3 h, the selectivity increases to 1.3 (0.5 wt% Ag) and 2.3 (9 wt% Ag) due to an increase in ethylene permeability. Testing of the obtained membranes in a gas-liquid contactor showed that the introduction of silver into the POMS matrix makes it possible to intensify the process of ethylene mass transfer by more than 1.5 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Grushevenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (G.B.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-647-59-27 (ext. 202)
| | - Alexey Balynin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (G.B.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Ruslan Ashimov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (G.B.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (A.V.)
- Department of Gas Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Ecology, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Sokolov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (G.B.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Sergey Legkov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (G.B.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Galina Bondarenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (G.B.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Ilya Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (G.B.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Morteza Sadeghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran;
| | - Stepan Bazhenov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (G.B.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Alexey Volkov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (R.A.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (G.B.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (A.V.)
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Albu PC, Ferencz (Dinu) A, Al-Ani HNA, Tanczos SK, Oprea O, Grosu VA, Nechifor G, Bungău SG, Grosu AR, Goran A, Nechifor AC. Osmium Recovery as Membrane Nanomaterials through 10-Undecenoic Acid Reduction Method. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 12:membranes12010051. [PMID: 35054577 PMCID: PMC8781728 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of osmium from residual osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is a necessity imposed by its high toxicity, but also by the technical-economic value of metallic osmium. An elegant and extremely useful method is the recovery of osmium as a membrane catalytic material, in the form of nanoparticles obtained on a polymeric support. The subject of the present study is the realization of a composite membrane in which the polymeric matrix is the polypropylene hollow fiber, and the active component consists of the osmium nanoparticles obtained by reducing an alcoholic solution of osmium tetroxides directly on the polymeric support. The method of reducing osmium tetroxide on the polymeric support is based on the use of 10-undecenoic acid (10-undecylenic acid) (UDA) as a reducing agent. The osmium tetroxide was solubilized in t-butanol and the reducing agent, 10-undecenoic acid (UDA), in i-propanol, t-butanol or n-decanol solution. The membranes containing osmium nanoparticles (Os-NP) were characterized morphologically by the following: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution SEM (HR-SEM), structurally: energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In terms of process performance, thermal gravimetric analysis was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (TGA, DSC) and in a redox reaction of an organic marker, p-nitrophenol (PNP) to p-aminophenol (PAP). The catalytic reduction reaction with sodium tetraborate solution of PNP to PAP yielded a constant catalytic rate between 2.04 × 10-4 mmol s-1 and 8.05 × 10-4 mmol s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Constantin Albu
- Radioisotopes and Radiation Metrology Department (DRMR), IFIN Horia Hulubei, 023465 Măgurele, Romania; (P.C.A.); (A.C.N.)
| | - Andreea Ferencz (Dinu)
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (H.N.A.A.-A.); (G.N.); (A.R.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Hussam Nadum Abdalraheem Al-Ani
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (H.N.A.A.-A.); (G.N.); (A.R.G.); (A.G.)
- Chemical Industries Department, Institute of Technology, Middle Technical University, Al Zafaraniyah, Baghdad 10074, Iraq
| | - Szidonia-Katalin Tanczos
- Department of Bioengineering, University Sapientia of Miercurea-Ciuc, 500104 Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.-K.T.); (V.-A.G.)
| | - Ovidiu Oprea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Vlad-Alexandru Grosu
- Department of Electronic Technology and Reliability, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 061071 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.-K.T.); (V.-A.G.)
| | - Gheorghe Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (H.N.A.A.-A.); (G.N.); (A.R.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungău
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Raluca Grosu
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (H.N.A.A.-A.); (G.N.); (A.R.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexandru Goran
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (H.N.A.A.-A.); (G.N.); (A.R.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Radioisotopes and Radiation Metrology Department (DRMR), IFIN Horia Hulubei, 023465 Măgurele, Romania; (P.C.A.); (A.C.N.)
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Guo Y, Qi W, Fu K, Chen X, Qiu M, Fan Y. Permeability and Stability of Hydrophobic Tubular Ceramic Membrane Contactor for CO 2 Desorption from MEA Solution. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 12:membranes12010008. [PMID: 35054534 PMCID: PMC8778514 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic membrane contactors hold great promise for CO2 desorption due to their high mass transfer area as well as the favorable characteristics of ceramic materials to resist harsh operating conditions. In this work, a hydrophobic tubular asymmetric alpha-alumina (α-Al2O3) membrane was prepared by grafting a hexadecyltrimethoxysilane ethanol solution. The hydrophobicity and permeability of the membrane were evaluated in terms of water contact angle and nitrogen (N2) flux. The hydrophobic membrane had a water contact angle of ~132° and N2 flux of 0.967 × 10−5 mol/(m2∙s∙Pa). CO2 desorption from the aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) solution was conducted through the hydrophobic tubular ceramic membrane contactor. The effects of operating conditions, such as CO2 loading, liquid flow rate, liquid temperature and permeate side pressure, on CO2 desorption flux were investigated. Moreover, the stability of the membrane was evaluated after the immersion of the ceramic membrane in an MEA solution at 373 K for 30 days. It was found that the hydrophobic α-Al2O3 membrane had good stability for CO2 desorption from the MEA solution, resulting in a <10% reduction of N2 flux compared to the membrane without MEA immersion.
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10
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Li Y, Wang R, Shi S, Cao H, Yip NY, Lin S. Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for Ammonia Recovery from Synthetic Urine: Experiments, Modeling, and Performance Analysis. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:14886-14896. [PMID: 34637289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recovering nitrogen from source-separated urine is an important part of the sustainable nitrogen management. A novel bipolar membrane electrodialysis with membrane contactor (BMED-MC) process is demonstrated here for efficient recovery of ammonia from synthetic source-separated urine (∼3772 mg N L-1). In a BMED-MC process, electrically driven water dissociation in a bipolar membrane simultaneously increases the pH of the urine stream and produces an acid stream for ammonia stripping. With the increased pH of urine, ammonia transports across the gas-permeable membrane in the membrane contactor and is recovered by the acid stream as ammonium sulfate that can be directly used as fertilizer. Our results obtained using batch experiments demonstrate that the BMED-MC process can achieve 90% recovery. The average ammonia flux and the specific energy consumption can be regulated by varying the current density. At a current density of 20 mA cm-2, the energy required to achieve a 67.5% ammonia recovery in a 7 h batch mode is 92.8 MJ kg-1 N for a bench-scale system with one membrane stack and can approach 25.8 MJ kg-1 N for large-scale systems with multiple membrane stacks, with an average ammonia flux of 2.2 mol m-2 h-1. Modeling results show that a continuous BMED-MC process can achieve a 90% ammonia recovery with a lower energy consumption (i.e., 12.5 MJ kg-1 N). BMED-MC shows significant potential for ammonia recovery from source-separated urine as it is relatively energy-efficient and requires no external acid solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Shaoyuan Shi
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ngai Yin Yip
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10027-6623, United States
- Columbia Water Center, Columbia University, New York 10027-6623, United States
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
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11
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Chavan SR, Perré P, Pozzobon V, Lemaire J. CO 2 Absorption Using Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors: Introducing pH Swing Absorption (pHSA) to Overcome Purity Limitation. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11070496. [PMID: 34209036 PMCID: PMC8304617 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, membrane contactors have gained more popularity in the field of CO2 removal; however, achieving high purity and competitive recovery for poor soluble gas (H2, N2, or CH4) remains elusive. Hence, a novel process for CO2 removal from a mixture of gases using hollow fiber membrane contactors is investigated theoretically and experimentally. A theoretical model is constructed to show that the dissolved residual CO2 hinders the capacity of the absorbent when it is regenerated. This model, backed up by experimental investigation, proves that achieving a purity > 99% without consuming excessive chemicals or energy remains challenging in a closed-loop system. As a solution, a novel strategy is proposed: the pH Swing Absorption which consists of manipulating the acido–basic equilibrium of CO2 in the absorption and desorption stages by injecting moderate acid and base amount. It aims at decreasing CO2 residual content in the regenerated absorbent, by converting CO2 into its ionic counterparts (HCO3− or CO32−) before absorption and improving CO2 degassing before desorption. Therefore, this strategy unlocks the theoretical limitation due to equilibrium with CO2 residual content in the absorbent and increases considerably the maximum achievable purity. Results also show the dependency of the performance on operating conditions such as total gas pressure and liquid flowrate. For N2/CO2 mixture, this process achieved a nitrogen purity of 99.97% with a N2 recovery rate of 94.13%. Similarly, for H2/CO2 mixture, a maximum H2 purity of 99.96% and recovery rate of 93.96% was obtained using this process. Moreover, the proposed patented process could potentially reduce energy or chemicals consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Ramdas Chavan
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Victor Pozzobon
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Julien Lemaire
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
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12
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Errichiello F, Picariello L, Guerriero A, Moio L, Forino M, Gambuti A. The Management of Dissolved Oxygen by a Polypropylene Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor Affects Wine Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123593. [PMID: 34208342 PMCID: PMC8231238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous oenological practices can cause an excess of dissolved oxygen in wine, thus determining sensory and chromatic defects in the short- to long-term. Hence, it is necessary to manage the excess of oxygen before bottling. METHODS In this study, the management of the dissolved oxygen content by a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor apparatus was performed in two wines from different grape varieties (Aglianico and Falanghina). The wines were analyzed after an 11-month aging. Anthocyanins and acetaldehyde content were evaluated by HPLC. In addition, other phenolic compounds and chromatic characteristics were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. NMR and HR ESIMS analyses were conducted to evaluate the amount of pyranoanthocyanins and polymeric pigments. RESULTS After 11 months of aging, in both wines a decrease of free and total SO2 with respect to initial values was detected. In the wines with the highest dissolved oxygen levels, a more remarkable loss was observed. No significant differences in terms of color parameters were detected. In red wine with the highest oxygen content, a massive formation of polymeric pigments and BSA reactive tannins was observed, as opposed to wines with lower oxygen levels. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that the membrane contactor can prove a successful tool to manage dissolved oxygen in wines as to prevent their oxidative spoilage.
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Xin Q, Li X, Hou H, Liang Q, Guo J, Wang S, Zhang L, Lin L, Ye H, Zhang Y. Superhydrophobic Surface-Constructed Membrane Contactor with Hierarchical Lotus-Leaf-Like Interfaces for Efficient SO 2 Capture. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1827-1837. [PMID: 33379865 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An organic-inorganic polyvinylidene fluoride/polyvinylidene fluoride-silica (PVDF/PVDF-SiO2) mixed matrix membrane contactor is fabricated via a facile and efficient hydrophobic modification method. The solubility parameters of the PVDF particle are precisely regulated, the PVDF particles are blended with SiO2 nanoparticles to form PVDF-SiO2 suspension, and then the suspension is introduced onto the surface of the PVDF substrate by an in situ spin coating strategy. The PVDF particles are partly etched and incorporated to construct the adhesive PVDF-SiO2 core-shell layer on the PVDF substrate, which results in a more stable PVDF-SiO2 coating layer on the substrate. The surface structure is precisely regulated by changing the etching morphology of PVDF particles and amount of doped PVDF and SiO2 particles, forming an integrated porous PVDF-SiO2 layer and constructing hierarchical lotus-leaf-like interfaces. The resultant PVDF/PVDF-SiO2 membrane contactors display the relatively regular distribution of pore size with ∼420 nm and excellent hydrophobic property with a water contact angle of ∼158°, which noticeably lightens wetting phenomena of membrane contactors. The SO2 absorption fluxes can reach as high as 1.26 × 10-3 mol·m-2·s-1 using 0.625 M of ethanolamine (EA) as liquid absorbent. The high stability of the SO2 absorption flux test indicates the excellent interface compatibility between the PVDF-SiO2 coating layer and the PVDF substrate. The versatile organic-inorganic layer exhibits super hydrophobic property, which prevents wetting of membrane pores. In addition, the membrane mass transfer resistance (H/Km) and membrane phase transfer coefficient (Km) are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hailong Hou
- CNOOC Gas and Power Group/R & D Center, Chaoyang District Taiyanggong South Street No. 6, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Qingqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ligang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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14
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Chan ZP, Li L, Kang G, Ab Manan N, Cao Y, Wang T. Discussion on Water Condensation in Membrane Pores during CO 2 Absorption at High Temperature. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:membranes10120407. [PMID: 33317124 PMCID: PMC7763538 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water condensation is a possible cause of membrane wetting in the operation of membrane contactors, especially under high-temperature conditions. In this study, water condensation in pores of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber membranes was investigated during high-pressure CO2 absorption around 70 °C. It was found that the liquid accumulation rate in the treated gas knock-out drum was constant during continuous operation for 24 h when all experimental conditions were fixed, indicating a stable degree of membrane wetting. However, as the operating parameters were changed, the equilibrium vapor pressure of water within membrane pores could change, which may result in a condensation-conducive environment. Water condensation in membrane pores was detected and proven indirectly through the increase in liquid accumulation rate in the treated gas knock-out drum. The Hagen-Poiseuille equation was used to correlate the liquid accumulation rate with the degree of membrane wetting. The degree of membrane wetting increased significantly from 1.8 × 10-15 m3 to 3.9 × 10-15 m3 when the feed gas flow rate was reduced from 1.45 kg/h to 0.40 kg/h in this study due to water condensation in membrane pores. The results of this study provide insights into potential operational limitations of membrane contactor for CO2 absorption under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Phak Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (Z.P.C.); (L.L.)
- PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Bangi 43000, Malaysia;
| | - Lin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (Z.P.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Guodong Kang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China;
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-0411-84379329 (G.K.); +86-0411-84986087 (T.W.)
| | | | - Yiming Cao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Tonghua Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (Z.P.C.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-0411-84379329 (G.K.); +86-0411-84986087 (T.W.)
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15
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Li L, Ma G, Pan Z, Zhang N, Zhang Z. Research Progress in Gas Separation Using Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:E380. [PMID: 33260435 PMCID: PMC7760880 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, gas-liquid membrane contactors have attracted increasing attention. A membrane contactor is a device that realizes gas-liquid or liquid-liquid mass transfer without being dispersed in another phase. The membrane gas absorption method combines the advantages of chemical absorption and membrane separation, in addition to exhibiting high selectivity, modularity, and compactness. This paper introduces the operating principle and wetting mechanism of hollow membrane contactors, shows the latest research progress of membrane contactors in gas separation, especially for the removal of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures by membrane contactors, and summarizes the main aspects of membrane materials, absorbents, and membrane contactor structures. Furthermore, recommendations are provided for the existing deficiencies or unsolved problems (such as membrane wetting), and the status and progress of membrane contactors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China; (L.L.); (G.M.); (Z.P.)
| | - Guiyang Ma
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China; (L.L.); (G.M.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zhen Pan
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China; (L.L.); (G.M.); (Z.P.)
| | - Na Zhang
- Shandong Gas Marketing Branch, Sinopec Gas Company, Jinan 250000, China;
| | - Zhien Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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16
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Chen L, Ho CD, Jen LY, Lim JW, Chen YH. Augmenting CO 2 Absorption Flux through a Gas-Liquid Membrane Module by Inserting Carbon-Fiber Spacers. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:E302. [PMID: 33105658 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the insertion of eddy promoters into a parallel-plate gas–liquid polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane contactor to effectively enhance carbon dioxide absorption through aqueous amine solutions (monoethanolamide—MEA). In this study, a theoretical model was established and experimental work was performed to predict and to compare carbon dioxide absorption efficiency under concurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations for various MEA feed flow rates, inlet CO2 concentrations, and channel design conditions. A Sherwood number’s correlated expression was formulated, incorporating experimental data to estimate the mass transfer coefficient of the CO2 absorption in MEA flowing through a PTFE membrane. Theoretical predictions were calculated and validated through experimental data for the augmented CO2 absorption efficiency by inserting carbon-fiber spacers as an eddy promoter to reduce the concentration polarization effect. The study determined that a higher MEA feed rate, a lower feed CO2 concentration, and wider carbon-fiber spacers resulted in a higher CO2 absorption rate for concurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations. A maximum of 80% CO2 absorption efficiency enhancement was found in the device by inserting carbon-fiber spacers, as compared to that in the empty channel device. The overall CO2 absorption rate was higher for countercurrent operation than that for concurrent operation. We evaluated the effectiveness of power utilization in augmenting the CO2 absorption rate by inserting carbon-fiber spacers in the MEA feed channel and concluded that the higher the flow rate, the lower the power utilization’s effectiveness. Therefore, to increase the CO2 absorption flux, widening carbon-fiber spacers was determined to be more effective than increasing the MEA feed flow rate.
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17
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Ghasem N. Modeling and Simulation of the Simultaneous Absorption/Stripping of CO 2 with Potassium Glycinate Solution in Membrane Contactor. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:membranes10040072. [PMID: 32316161 PMCID: PMC7231386 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is an environmental problem caused mainly by one of the most serious greenhouse gas, CO2 emissions. Subsequently, the capture of CO2 from flue gas and natural gas is essential. Aqueous potassium glycinate (PG) is a promising novelty solvent used in the CO2 capture compared to traditional solvents; simultaneous solvent regeneration is associated with the absorption step. In present work, a 2D mathematical model where radial and axial diffusion are considered is developed for the simultaneous absorption/stripping process. The model describes the CO2/PG absorption/stripping process in a solvent–gas membrane absorption process. Regeneration data of rich potassium glycinate solvent using a varied range of acid gas loading (mol CO2 per mol PG) were used to predict the reversible reaction rate constant. A comparison of simulation results and experimental data validated the accuracy of the model predictions. The stripping reaction rate constant of rich potassium glycinate was determined experimentally and found to be a function of temperature and PG concentration. Model predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data. The results reveal that the percent removal of CO2 is directly proportional to CO2 loading and solvent stripping temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayef Ghasem
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Eng., UAE University, Al-Ain, PO Box 15551, UAE
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18
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Tanizume S, Yoshimura T, Ishii K, Nomura M. Control of Sequential MTO Reactions through an MFI-Type Zeolite Membrane Contactor. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:membranes10020026. [PMID: 32046126 PMCID: PMC7074238 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A membrane for controlling methanol-to-olefin (MTO) reactions was developed, which featured an MFI-type zeolite membrane (Si/Al = 25) that was synthesized on a porous α-alumina substrate using a secondary growth method. Here, the H2/SF6 permeance ratios were between 150 and 450. The methanol conversion rate was 70% with 38% ethylene selectivity and 28% propylene selectivity as determined using a cross-flow membrane contactor. In order to improve the olefin selectivity of the membrane, the MFI zeolite layer (Si/Al = ∞) was coated on an MFI-type zeolite membrane (Si/Al = 25). Using this two-layered membrane system, the olefin selectivity value increased to 85%; this was 19% higher than the value obtained during the single-layer membrane system.
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Anari Z, Mai C, Sengupta A, Howard L, Brownmiller C, Wickramasinghe SR. Combined Osmotic and Membrane Distillation for Concentration of Anthocyanin from Muscadine Pomace. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2199-2208. [PMID: 31313316 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive anthocyanins from aqueous extracts of muscadine grape pomace were concentrated using osmotic distillation (OD) and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) using polypropylene (PP) and poly(ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) membranes. The driving force for OD is created by using a high concentration brine solution while the driving force for DCMD is generated by elevating the feed temperature relative to the permeate temperature. The brine concentration used was 4 M. The lowest fluxes were obtained for OD. Given the temperature sensitive nature of anthocyanins, the maximum temperature difference during DCMD was limited to 30 °C. The feed temperature was 40 °C and the permeate at 10 °C. Consequently, the maximum flux during DCMD was also limited. A combination of OD and DCMD was found to give the highest fluxes. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-electrospray mass spectrometry were used to identify and quantify anthocyanins, cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, petunidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, peonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, and malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside. The results obtained here suggest that, though water fluxes for DI water feed streams for PP and ECTFE membrane were similar, the fluxes obtained for the two membranes when using muscadine pomace extracts were different. Concentration factors of close to 3 was obtained for anthocyanins. Membranes also showed slightly different performance in the concentration process. Membrane surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results suggest that adsorption of these anthocyanins on the membrane surface lead to performance differences. In an actual operation, selection of an appropriate membrane and regeneration of the membrane will be important for optimized performance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Anthocyanins are valuable therapeutic compounds, which are found in the solid residue left following fruit juice pressing. However, recovery and concentration of these therapeutic compounds remains challenging due to their stability. Here, a novel membrane-based unit operation has been investigated in order to concentrate the anthocyanins that have been extracted into aqueous solutions. The unit operation investigated here use mild processing conditions. Insights into the factors that need to be considered when optimizing of the unit operation for commercialization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Anari
- Ralph E Martin College of Chemical Engineering, Univ. of Arkansas, 1475 Cato Springs Road Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Chuqiao Mai
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Avenue Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - Arijit Sengupta
- Ralph E Martin College of Chemical Engineering, Univ. of Arkansas, 1475 Cato Springs Road Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Luke Howard
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Avenue Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - Cindi Brownmiller
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Avenue Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - S Ranil Wickramasinghe
- Ralph E Martin College of Chemical Engineering, Univ. of Arkansas, 1475 Cato Springs Road Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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20
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Bey S, Semghouni H, Criscuoli A, Benamor M, Drioli E, Figoli A. Extraction Kinetics of As(V) by Aliquat-336 Using Asymmetric PVDF Hollow-Fiber Membrane Contactors. Membranes (Basel) 2018; 8:membranes8030053. [PMID: 30072606 PMCID: PMC6161088 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on the study of the mass transfer of arsenic(V) through asymmetric polyvinylidene fluoride hollow-fiber membrane contactors using Aliquat-336 as an extractant. In the first part of this work, the fibers were prepared and characterized by SEM and by determining their thickness and porosity. From SEM pictures, an asymmetric structure was obtained that was characterized by an inner sponge-like structure and outer finger-like structure with a pore radius and porosity about 0.11 µm and 80%, respectively. In the second part, the prepared fibers were used as membrane contactors for the study of mass transfer of arsenic(V), investigating the effect of several parameters such as pH, temperature, and initial concentration of the feed. The overall mass transfer coefficient of As(V) was around 6 × 10–6 cm/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Bey
- Laboratoire des Procédés Membranaires et des Techniques de Séparation et de Récupération, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algérie.
| | - Hassina Semghouni
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P.Bucci 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Criscuoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P.Bucci 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Mohamed Benamor
- Laboratoire des Procédés Membranaires et des Techniques de Séparation et de Récupération, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algérie.
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P.Bucci 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P.Bucci 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy.
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21
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Abstract
Membrane processes are increasingly reported for various applications in wine industry such as microfiltration, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis, but also emerging processes as bipolar electrodialysis and membrane contactor. Membrane-based processes are playing a critical role in the field of separation/purification, clarification, stabilization, concentration, and de-alcoholization of wine products. They begin to be an integral part of the winemaking process. This review will provide an overview of recent developments, applications, and published literature in membrane technologies applied in wine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef El Rayess
- a Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University (USEK) , Jounieh , Lebanon.,b Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Genie Chimique , Castanet-Tolosan , France.,c Centre de Viticulture et d'Œnologie de Midi-Pyrénées, Castanet-Tolosan-France
| | - Martine Mietton-Peuchot
- d Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de Recherche OENOLOGIE , Villenave d'Ornon , France.,e INRA, ISVV, USC OENOLOGIE , Villenave d'Ornon , France
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22
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Lu Y, Chowdhury D, Vladisavljević GT, Koutroumanis K, Georgiadou S. Production of Fluconazole-Loaded Polymeric Micelles Using Membrane and Microfluidic Dispersion Devices. Membranes (Basel) 2016; 6:membranes6020029. [PMID: 27231945 PMCID: PMC4931524 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles with a controlled size in the range between 41 and 80 nm were prepared by injecting the organic phase through a microengineered nickel membrane or a tapered-end glass capillary into an aqueous phase. The organic phase was composed of 1 mg·mL−1 of PEG-b-PCL diblock copolymers with variable molecular weights, dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or acetone. The pore size of the membrane was 20 μm and the aqueous/organic phase volumetric flow rate ratio ranged from 1.5 to 10. Block copolymers were successfully synthesized with Mn ranging from ~9700 to 16,000 g·mol−1 and polymeric micelles were successfully produced from both devices. Micelles produced from the membrane device were smaller than those produced from the microfluidic device, due to the much smaller pore size compared with the orifice size in a co-flow device. The micelles were found to be relatively stable in terms of their size with an initial decrease in size attributed to evaporation of residual solvent rather than their structural disintegration. Fluconazole was loaded into the cores of micelles by injecting the organic phase composed of 0.5–2.5 mg·mL−1 fluconazole and 1.5 mg·mL−1 copolymer. The size of the drug-loaded micelles was found to be significantly larger than the size of empty micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Danial Chowdhury
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Goran T Vladisavljević
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Konstantinos Koutroumanis
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Stella Georgiadou
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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23
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Sebaaly C, Greige-Gerges H, Agusti G, Fessi H, Charcosset C. Large-scale preparation of clove essential oil and eugenol-loaded liposomes using a membrane contactor and a pilot plant. J Liposome Res 2015; 26:126-38. [PMID: 26099849 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1057849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on our previous study where optimal conditions were defined to encapsulate clove essential oil (CEO) into liposomes at laboratory scale, we scaled-up the preparation of CEO and eugenol (Eug)-loaded liposomes using a membrane contactor (600 mL) and a pilot plant (3 L) based on the principle of ethanol injection method, both equipped with a Shirasu Porous Glass membrane for injection of the organic phase into the aqueous phase. Homogenous, stable, nanometric-sized and multilamellar liposomes with high phospholipid, Eug loading rates and encapsulation efficiency of CEO components were obtained. Saturation of phospholipids and drug concentration in the organic phase may control the liposome stability. Liposomes loaded with other hydrophobic volatile compounds could be prepared at large scale using the ethanol injection method and a membrane for injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Sebaaly
- a Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences 2, PRASE, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University , Lebanon and.,b Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR-CNRS 5007 , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CPE Lyon , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
| | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- a Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences 2, PRASE, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University , Lebanon and
| | - Géraldine Agusti
- b Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR-CNRS 5007 , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CPE Lyon , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
| | - Hatem Fessi
- b Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR-CNRS 5007 , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CPE Lyon , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
| | - Catherine Charcosset
- b Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR-CNRS 5007 , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CPE Lyon , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
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24
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Plaza A, Romero J, Silva W, Morales E, Torres A, Aguirre MJ. Extraction and quantification of SO2 content in wines using a hollow fiber contactor. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2013; 20:501-10. [PMID: 23897976 DOI: 10.1177/1082013213494900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfites [Formula: see text] or sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a preservative widely used in fruits and fruit-derived products. This study aims to propose a membrane contactor process for the selective removal and recovery of SO2 from wines in order to obtain its reliable quantification. Currently, the aspiration and Ripper methods offer a difficult quantification of the sulfite content in red wines because they involve evaporation steps of diluted compounds and a colorimetric assay, respectively. Therefore, an inexpensive and accurate methodology is not currently available for continuous monitoring of SO2 in the liquids food industry. Red wine initially acidified at pH < 1 was treated by membrane extraction at 25 ℃. This operation is based on a hydrophobic Hollow Fiber Contactor, which separates the acidified red wine in the shell side and a diluted aqueous sodium hydroxide solution as receiving solution into the lumenside in countercurrent. Sulfite and bisulfite in the acidified red wine become molecular SO2, which is evaporated through the membrane pores filled with gas. Thus, SO2 is trapped in a colorless solution and the membrane contactor controls its transfer, decreasing experimental error induced in classical methods. Experimental results using model solutions with known concentration values of [Formula: see text] show an average extraction percentage of 98.91 after 4 min. On the other hand, two types of Chilean Cabernet Sauvignon wines were analyzed with the same system to quantify the content of free and total sulfites. Results show a good agreement between these methods and the proposed technique, which shows a lower experimental variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Plaza
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile
| | - Julio Romero
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile
| | - Wladimir Silva
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile
| | - Elizabeth Morales
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile
| | - Alejandra Torres
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile
| | - María J Aguirre
- Laboratory of Conductive Polymers, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile
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