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Atlas WI, Ban NC, Moore JW, Tuohy AM, Greening S, Reid AJ, Morven N, White E, Housty WG, Housty JA, Service CN, Greba L, Harrison S, Sharpe C, Butts KIR, Shepert WM, Sweeney-Bergen E, Macintyre D, Sloat MR, Connors K. Indigenous Systems of Management for Culturally and Ecologically Resilient Pacific Salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) Fisheries. Bioscience 2020; 71:186-204. [PMID: 33613129 PMCID: PMC7882363 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are at the center of social–ecological systems that have supported Indigenous peoples around the North Pacific Rim since time immemorial. Through generations of interdependence with salmon, Indigenous Peoples developed sophisticated systems of management involving cultural and spiritual beliefs, and stewardship practices. Colonization radically altered these social–ecological systems, disrupting Indigenous management, consolidating authority within colonial governments, and moving most harvest into mixed-stock fisheries. We review Indigenous management of salmon, including selective fishing technologies, harvest practices, and governance grounded in multigenerational place-based knowledge. These systems and practices showcase pathways for sustained productivity and resilience in contemporary salmon fisheries. Contrasting Indigenous systems with contemporary management, we document vulnerabilities of colonial governance and harvest management that have contributed to declining salmon fisheries in many locations. We suggest that revitalizing traditional systems of salmon management can improve prospects for sustainable fisheries and healthy fishing communities and identify opportunities for their resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William I Atlas
- Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Wild Salmon Center, in Portland, Oregon
| | - Natalie C Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Moore
- Earth2Ocean Group, Biological Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adrian M Tuohy
- Wild Fish Conservancy, Duvall, Washington, Spencer Greening is affiliated with the Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and with the Gitga'at First Nation, both in British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Andrea J Reid
- Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and with the Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Nisga'a Nation, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Elroy White
- Central Coast Archaeology, Bella Bella, British Columbia, Canada.,Heiltsuk Nation
| | - William G Housty
- Heiltsuk Integrated Resource Management Department, Bella Bella, British Columbia, Canada.,Heiltsuk Nation
| | - Jess A Housty
- QQs Projects Society, Bella Bella, British Columbia, Canada.,Heiltsuk Nation
| | | | - Larry Greba
- Kitasoo and Xai'xais First Nations, Klemtu, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sam Harrison
- Kitasoo and Xai'xais First Nations, Klemtu, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ciara Sharpe
- Lax Kw'alaams Fisheries, Prince Rupert, British Columbia
| | | | | | | | - Donna Macintyre
- Lake Babine Nation Fisheries, Burns Lake, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Katrina Connors
- Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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