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van Oorschot JWM, Güçlü F, de Jong S, Chamuleau SAJ, Luijten PR, Leiner T, Zwanenburg JJM. Endogenous assessment of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients with T 1ρ -mapping. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:132-138. [PMID: 27309545 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, it was shown that a significantly higher T1ρ is found in compact myocardial fibrosis after chronic myocardial infarction. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of native T1ρ -mapping for the detection of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). MATERIALS AND METHODS T1ρ -mapping was performed on three explanted hearts from DCM patients at 3 Tesla (T). Histological fibrosis quantification was performed, and compared with the T1ρ -relaxation times in the heart. Furthermore, twenty DCM patients underwent an MRI at 1.5T. Native T1ρ -maps, native T1 -maps, and extracellular volume (ECV)-maps were acquired. Additionally, eight healthy volunteers were scanned for reference values. RESULTS A significant correlation (Pearson r = 0.49; P = 0.005) was found between ex vivo T1ρ -values and fibrosis fraction from histology. Additionally, a significantly higher T1ρ -relaxation time (55.2 ± 2.7 ms) was found in DCM patients compared with healthy control subjects (51.5 ± 1.2 ms) (P = 0.0024). The relation between in vivo T1ρ -values and ECV-values was significant (Pearson r = 0.66). No significant relation was found between native T1 - and ECV-values in this study (P = 0.89). CONCLUSION This study showed proof of principle for the endogenous detection of diffuse myocardial fibrosis with T1ρ -MRI. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments showed promising results that T1ρ -MRI can be used to measure the extent of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in the myocardium. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:132-138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep W M van Oorschot
- Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fatih Güçlü
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Jong
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco J M Zwanenburg
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van Oorschot JWM, El Aidi H, Jansen of Lorkeers SJ, Gho JMIH, Froeling M, Visser F, Chamuleau SAJ, Doevendans PA, Luijten PR, Leiner T, Zwanenburg JJM. Endogenous assessment of chronic myocardial infarction with T(1ρ)-mapping in patients. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014; 16:104. [PMID: 25526973 PMCID: PMC4272542 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-014-0104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of cardiac fibrosis based on endogenous magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics of the myocardium would yield a measurement that can provide quantitative information, is independent of contrast agent concentration, renal function and timing. In ex vivo myocardial infarction (MI) tissue, it has been shown that a significantly higher T(1ρ) is found in the MI region, and studies in animal models of chronic MI showed the first in vivo evidence for the ability to detect myocardial fibrosis with native T(1ρ)-mapping. In this study we aimed to translate and validate T(1ρ)-mapping for endogenous detection of chronic MI in patients. METHODS We first performed a study in a porcine animal model of chronic MI to validate the implementation of T(1ρ)-mapping on a clinical cardiovascular MR scanner and studied the correlation with histology. Subsequently a clinical protocol was developed, to assess the feasibility of scar tissue detection with native T(1ρ)-mapping in patients (n = 21) with chronic MI, and correlated with gold standard late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR. Four T1ρ-weighted images were acquired using a spin-lock preparation pulse with varying duration (0, 13, 27, 45 ms) and an amplitude of 750 Hz, and a T(1ρ)-map was calculated. The resulting T(1ρ)-maps and LGE images were scored qualitatively for the presence and extent of myocardial scarring using the 17-segment AHA model. RESULTS In the animal model (n = 9) a significantly higher T(1ρ) relaxation time was found in the infarct region (61 ± 11 ms), compared to healthy remote myocardium (36 ± 4 ms) . In patients a higher T(1ρ) relaxation time (79 ± 11 ms) was found in the infarct region than in remote myocardium (54 ± 6 ms). Overlap in the scoring of scar tissue on LGE images and T(1ρ)-maps was 74%. CONCLUSION We have shown the feasibility of native T(1ρ)-mapping for detection of infarct area in patients with a chronic myocardial infarction. In the near future, improvements on the T(1ρ)-mapping sequence could provide a higher sensitivity and specificity. This endogenous method could be an alternative for LGE imaging, and provide additional quantitative information on myocardial tissue characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep WM van Oorschot
- />Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100 3582 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hamza El Aidi
- />Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100 3582 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes MIH Gho
- />Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Froeling
- />Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100 3582 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Steven AJ Chamuleau
- />Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- />Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- />Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100 3582 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Leiner
- />Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100 3582 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco JM Zwanenburg
- />Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100 3582 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Cheung MC, Evans JG, McKenna B, Ehrlich DJ. Deep ultraviolet mapping of intracellular protein and nucleic acid in femtograms per pixel. Cytometry A 2011; 79:920-32. [PMID: 21796773 PMCID: PMC3199293 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
By using imaging spectrophotometry with paired images in the 200- to 280-nm wavelength range, we have directly mapped intracellular nucleic acid and protein distributions across a population of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. A broadband 100× objective with a numerical aperture of 1.2 NA (glycerin immersion) and a novel laser-induced-plasma point source generated high-contrast images with short (∼100 ms) exposures and a lateral resolution nearing 200 nm that easily resolves internal organelles. In a population of 420 CHO-K1 cells and 477 nuclei, we found a G1 whole-cell nucleic acid peak at 26.6 pg, a nuclear-isolated total nucleic acid peak at 11.4 pg, and, as inferred by RNase treatment, a G1 total DNA mass of 7.4 pg. At the G1 peak, we found a whole-cell protein mass of 95.6 pg, and a nuclear-isolated protein mass of 39.3 pg. An algorithm for protein quantification that senses peptide-bond (220-nm) absorbance was found to have a higher signal-to-noise ratio and to provide more reliable nucleic acid and protein determinations when compared to more classical 280/260-nm algorithms when used for intracellular mass mapping. Using simultaneous imaging with common nuclear stains (Hoechst 33342, Syto-14, and Sytox Orange), we have compared staining patterns to deep-UV images of condensed chromatin and have confirmed bias of these common nuclear stains related to nuclear packaging. The approach allows absolute mass measurements with no special sample preparation or staining. It can be used in conjunction with normal fluorescence microscopy and with relatively modest modification of the microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man C Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Itzkan I, Qiu L, Fang H, Zaman MM, Vitkin E, Ghiran IC, Salahuddin S, Modell M, Andersson C, Kimerer LM, Cipolloni PB, Lim KH, Freedman SD, Bigio I, Sachs BP, Hanlon EB, Perelman LT. Confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic microscopy monitors organelles in live cells with no exogenous labels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:17255-60. [PMID: 17956980 PMCID: PMC2077242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708669104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports the development of an optical imaging technique, confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic (CLASS) microscopy, capable of noninvasively determining the dimensions and other physical properties of single subcellular organelles. CLASS microscopy combines the principles of light-scattering spectroscopy (LSS) with confocal microscopy. LSS is an optical technique that relates the spectroscopic properties of light elastically scattered by small particles to their size, refractive index, and shape. The multispectral nature of LSS enables it to measure internal cell structures much smaller than the diffraction limit without damaging the cell or requiring exogenous markers, which could affect cell function. Scanning the confocal volume across the sample creates an image. CLASS microscopy approaches the accuracy of electron microscopy but is nondestructive and does not require the contrast agents common to optical microscopy. It provides unique capabilities to study functions of viable cells, which are beyond the capabilities of other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Itzkan
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Le Qiu
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Hui Fang
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Munir M. Zaman
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Edward Vitkin
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ionita C. Ghiran
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Saira Salahuddin
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mark Modell
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Charlotte Andersson
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Lauren M. Kimerer
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Research Service, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford, MA 01730
| | - Patsy B. Cipolloni
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Research Service, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford, MA 01730
| | - Kee-Hak Lim
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Irving Bigio
- Departments of Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Benjamin P. Sachs
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Eugene B. Hanlon
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Research Service, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford, MA 01730
| | - Lev T. Perelman
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
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