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Momen Majumder MS, Hakim F, Bandhan IH, Razzaque MA, Zahid-Al-Quadir A, Ahmed S, Choudhury MR, Haq SA, Zaman MM. Low back pain in the Bangladeshi adult population: a cross-sectional national survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059192. [PMID: 36691197 PMCID: PMC9462101 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. This study aims to determine the residence-specific and sex-specific prevalence and the factors associated with LBP in Bangladesh. METHODS The study subjects (aged ≥18 years) were identified from 20 primary sampling units of the national census following a cross-sectional multistage stratified sampling design. We considered the mechanical type of LBP for this study. A Bangla version of the modified Community Oriented Programme for Control of Rheumatic Disorders questionnaire was used. A team of trained field workers, rheumatology residents and rheumatologists collected the data. Analysis was done using weighted data. RESULTS Two thousand subjects were approached, but 1843 could be screened. Among them, 561 had musculoskeletal disorders, and 343 were diagnosed with LBP. The weighted prevalence of LBP was 18.5% (95% CI: 11.8% to 25.2%) and age-standardised prevalence of LBP was 19.4% (95% CI: 14.0% to 24.8%), which was higher in women (27.2%, 19.3% to 35.1%) than men (14.0%, 8.7% to 19.3%). The prevalence persistently increased from age group 18-34 years (10.5%, 5.7 to 15.4) to ≥55 years (27.8%, 16.1% to 39.5%). People with no education had the highest prevalence (31.3%, 22.3% to 40.4%). The prevalence did not differ between urban and rural residential locations. Four factors were significantly associated with LBP: age (adjusted odds ratio: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7 to 3.4), female sex (2.2, 1.5 to 3.3), absence of formal education (2.3, 1.6 to 3.3) and hypertension (1.7, 1.1 to 2.6). CONCLUSION LBP is a common problem in Bangladeshi adults. The factors identified are age, female sex, no formal education and hypertension. These should be addressed adequately to prevent and treat LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferdous Hakim
- World Health Organization Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Shamim Ahmed
- Rheumatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Syed Atiqul Haq
- Rheumatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M M Zaman
- World Health Organization Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Riaz BK, Islam MZ, Islam ANMS, Zaman MM, Hossain MA, Rahman MM, Khanam F, Amin KMB, Noor IN. Risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh: findings of the population-based cross-sectional national survey 2018. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041334. [PMID: 33247026 PMCID: PMC7703434 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the national prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the adult population of Bangladesh. DESIGN The study was a population-based national cross-sectional study. SETTING This study used 496 primary sampling units (PSUs) developed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The PSUs were equally allocated to each division and urban and rural stratum within each division. PARTICIPANTS The participants were adults aged 18 to 69 years, who were usual residents of the households for at least 6 months and stayed the night before the survey. Out of 9900 participants, 8185 (82.7%) completed STEP-1 and STEP-2, and 7208 took part in STEP-3. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME The prevalence of behavioural, physical and biochemical risk factors of NCD. Data were weighted to generate national estimates. RESULTS Tobacco use was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the rural (45.2%) than the urban (38.8%) population. Inadequate fruit/vegetable intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the urban (92.1%) than in the rural (88.9%) population. The mean salt intake per day was higher in the rural (9.0 g) than urban (8.9 g) population. Among all, 3.0% had no, 70.9% had 1 to 2 and 26.2% had ≥3 NCD risk factors. The urban population was more likely to have insufficient physical activity (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.2), obesity (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.5 to 1.5), hypertension (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.3 to 1.3), diabetes (AOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.6 to 1.6) and hyperglycaemia (AOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.1). CONCLUSIONS Considering the high prevalence of the behavioural, physical and biochemical risk factors, diverse population and high-risk group targeted interventions are essential to combat the rising burden of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baizid Khoorshid Riaz
- Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ziaul Islam
- Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A N M Shamsul Islam
- Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M M Zaman
- Country Office, Bangladesh, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Akram Hossain
- Microbiology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Fahmida Khanam
- Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K M Bayzid Amin
- Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Irfan Nowroze Noor
- Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ahsan MM, Saha AK, Sadia L, Sultana S, Banik PC, Faruque M, Zaman MM. Salt Intake Behaviors among Type 2 Diabetic Patients of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Dhaka City. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:162-168. [PMID: 31915353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension and diabetes co-exist frequently. Therefore, salt intake behavior, a risk factor of hypertension, in diabetic patients plays an important role in determining their cardiovascular outcome. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and behaviors of health risks associated with a salt intake in adults with type 2 diabetes. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the type 2 diabetic in-patients of Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October to December 2016. Data were collected from 131 respondents through interview using WHO STEPS module of salt with adaptation to local context like on amount of added salt while taking meal. Information on blood pressure, body mass index and relevant co-morbidities were also collected. About half of the respondents were women (56.5%). Mean age of the respondents was 54.3±14.4 years. More than six in 10 of them (62.6%) took added salt while taking meal; and 40.5% took processed foods with high salt. The mean amount of added salt intake among the users was 4.4±1.6gm per day having no significant difference between men and women. Though 47.3% of the respondents believed that lowering salt in meal is very important and 77.9% of them believed that excess salt or salty sauce can cause health problems. Salt intake behavior is poor in patients with type 2 diabetes even having regular contacts with doctors and other health professionals. Appropriate measures can be taken to increase awareness, change their attitude and behavior regarding salt consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ahsan
- Dr Md Moinul Ahsan, MPH Student, Department of Non-communicable Diseases (NCD), Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Martin CR, Stoll B, Cluette-Brown J, Akinkuotu AC, Olutoye OO, Gura KM, Singh P, Zaman MM, Perillo MC, Puder M, Freedman SD, Burrin D. Use of a novel docosahexaenoic acid formulation vs control in a neonatal porcine model of short bowel syndrome leads to greater intestinal absorption and higher systemic levels of DHA. Nutr Res 2017; 39:51-60. [PMID: 28385289 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infants with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are at high risk for malabsorption, malnutrition, and failure to thrive. The objective of this study was to evaluate in a porcine model of SBS, the systemic absorption of a novel enteral Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) formulation that forms micelles independent of bile salts (DHA-ALT®). We hypothesized that enteral delivery of DHA-ALT® would result in higher blood levels of DHA compared to a control DHA preparation due to improved intestinal absorption. SBS was induced in term piglets through a 75% mid-jejunoileal resection and the piglets randomized to either DHA-ALT® or control DHA formulation (N=5 per group) for 4 postoperative days. The median±IQR difference in final vs starting weight was 696±425 g in the DHA-ALT® group compared to 132±278 g in the controls (P=.08). Within 12 hours, median±IQR DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid plasma levels (mol%) were significantly higher in the DHA-ALT® vs control group (4.1±0.3 vs 2.5±0.5, P=.009; 0.7±0.3 vs 0.2±0.005, P=.009, respectively). There were lower fecal losses of DHA and greater ileal tissue incorporation with DHA-ALT® vs the control. Morphometric analyses demonstrated an increase in proximal jejunum and distal ileum villus height in the DHA-ALT® group compared to controls (P=.01). In a neonatal porcine model of SBS, enteral administration of a novel DHA preparation that forms micelles independent of bile salts resulted in increased fatty acid absorption, increased ileal tissue incorporation, and increased systemic levels of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilia R Martin
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215; Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215.
| | - Barbara Stoll
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
| | - Joanne Cluette-Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215.
| | - Adesola C Akinkuotu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030.
| | - Oluyinka O Olutoye
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030.
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115.
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Munir M Zaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Michael C Perillo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mark Puder
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115.
| | - Steven D Freedman
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Doug Burrin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
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Rahman MA, Zaman MM, Rahman MM, Moniruzzaman M, Ahmed B, Chhobi FK, Rahman N, Akter MR. Effects of Intensive versus Non-Intensive Physical Therapy on Children with Cerebral Palsy. Mymensingh Med J 2016; 25:421-424. [PMID: 27612885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is one of the most common causes of all childhood disorders. There are tone, posture and movements difficulty due to non-progressive damage to the immature brain in CP. The hallmark of CP is a disability in the development of gross motor function (GMF). The influence of gross motor development on fine motor development is more important in early developmental period, specially under three years old and in children with CP. Various therapeutic interventions have been used in the management of GMF development. Among them physical therapy is the most common intervention in CP and is usually a component of mandated programs. Physical therapy means physical stimulations in the form of various therapeutic exercises, touch, massage, limbs and trunk movement, balancing and coordination training, gait and ambulation training, cognitive stimulation as well as speech, language and occupational therapy. Our study focused to see the effect by short term intensive versus non-intensive physical therapy on children GMF development by using gross motor function measure (GMFM) Score sheet, GMFM-88, version 1.0. Study provides the information that physical therapy intervention is effective in GMF development and intensive interventions are more effective in children with spastic CP than non-intensive one. Study also inform that the more early treatment the more effective result.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rahman
- Dr Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Registrar, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR), Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Konnikova Y, Zaman MM, Makda M, D’Onofrio D, Freedman SD, Martin CR. Late Enteral Feedings Are Associated with Intestinal Inflammation and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132924. [PMID: 26172126 PMCID: PMC4501691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidities of impaired immunity and dysregulated inflammation are common in preterm infants. Postnatal Intestinal development plays a critical role in the maturation of the immune system and is, in part, driven by exposure to an enteral diet. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the timing of the first enteral feeding on intestinal inflammation and risk of disease. METHODS 130 infants <33 weeks' gestation were studied. Maternal and infant data were abstracted from the medical record. Single and multiplex ELISA assays quantified cytokines from fecal and serum samples at two weeks postnatal age. RESULTS A delay in enteral feedings after the third postnatal day is associated with a 4.5 (95% CI 1.8-11.5, p=0.002) fold increase in chronic lung disease, 2.9 (1.1-7.8, p=0.03) fold increase in retinopathy of prematurity, and 3.4 (1.2-9.8, p=0.02) fold increase in multiple comorbidities compared to infants fed on or before the third day. Additionally, a delay in the initiation of feedings is associated with increased fecal IL-8 levels and a decreased IL-10:IL-8 ratio. CONCLUSIONS A delay in enteral feeding is associated with intestinal inflammation and increased risks of morbidities. To improve neonatal outcomes, early nutritional practices need to be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelizaveta Konnikova
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Unites States of America
| | - Munir M. Zaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Meher Makda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Danila D’Onofrio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Camilia R. Martin
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dual use of tobacco (using smoking and smokeless forms) in Bangladesh is uncommon in women but common in men. Dual users are at additional risk of cancers and heart diseases compared with a single form of tobacco use. Knowledge about their socioeconomic background is necessary for planning appropriate interventions. We report here socioeconomic background of the dual users of tobacco from a nationally representative survey. METHODS The study adopted a probability proportionate to size sampling technic of divisional population stratified into urban and rural areas to recruit men aged 25 years or older from their households. A total of 4312 men were recruited. Variables included questions on 20 household assets, tobacco use and other behavioral risk factors, and measurement of body weight and height. RESULTS The average age of dual users was 46.7 years old compared to 43.4 and 52.3 years for smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Prevalence of "smoking only," "smokeless only" and "dual use" of tobacco was 40.6%, 15.2%, and 14.2%, respectively. Among all tobacco users, dual users constituted 20%. These dual users had lower educational achievement, rural residence, lower intake of fruit, and higher intake of alcohol. They were more undernourished as indicated by a thin body mass index compared to nonusers and smokers. Dual users were of socioeconomically deprived as measured by wealth quartiles constructed out of household assets. CONCLUSION Dual use of tobacco is common in Bangladesh, and it is intimately linked with socioeconomic deprivation. Poverty reduction strategy and campaigns should address tobacco control not only tobacco in general, but its dual use in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- World Health Organization, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Martin CR, Zaman MM, Gilkey C, Salguero MV, Hasturk H, Kantarci A, Van Dyke TE, Freedman SD. Resolvin D1 and lipoxin A4 improve alveolarization and normalize septal wall thickness in a neonatal murine model of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98773. [PMID: 24892762 PMCID: PMC4043836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The critical fatty acids Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Arachidonic Acid (AA) decline in preterm infants within the first postnatal week and are associated with neonatal morbidities, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). DHA and AA are precursors to downstream metabolites that terminate the inflammatory response. We hypothesized that treatment with Resolvin D1 and/or Lipoxin A4 would prevent lung injury in a murine model of BPD. Objective To determine the effect of Resolvin D1 and/or Lipoxin A4 on hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Methods C57/BL6 pups were randomized at birth to Room Air, Hyperoxia (>90% oxygen), Hyperoxia + Resolvin D1, Hyperoxia + Lipoxin A4, or Hyperoxia + Resolvin D1/Lipoxin A4. Resolvin D1 and/or Lipoxin A4 (2 ng/g) were given IP on days 0, 3, 6, and 9. On day 10, mice were sacrificed and lungs collected for morphometric analyses including Mean Linear Intercept (MLI), Radial Alveolar Count (RAC), and Septal Thickness (ST); RT-PCR analyses of biomarkers of lung development and inflammation; and ELISA for TGFβ1 and TGFβ2. Result The increased ST observed with hyperoxia exposure was normalized by both Resolvin D1 and Lipoxin A4; while, hyperoxia-induced alveolar simplification was attenuated by Lipoxin A4. Relative to hyperoxia, Resolvin D1 reduced the gene expression of CXCL2 (2.9 fold), TIMP1 (6.7 fold), and PPARγ (4.8 fold). Treatment with Lipoxin A4 also led to a reduction of CXCL2 (2.4 fold) while selectively increasing TGFβ2 (2.1 fold) and Smad3 (1.58 fold). Conclusion The histologic and biochemical changes seen in hyperoxia-induced lung injury in this murine model can be reversed by the addition of DHA and AA fatty acid downstream metabolites that terminate the inflammatory pathways and modulate growth factors. These fatty acids or their metabolites may be novel therapies to prevent or treat lung injury in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilia R. Martin
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Munir M. Zaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Calvin Gilkey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria V. Salguero
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Palipudi KM, Sinha DN, Choudhury S, Zaman MM, Asma S, Andes L, Dube S. Predictors of tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco use among adults in Bangladesh. Indian J Cancer 2013; 49:387-92. [PMID: 23442403 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine predictors of current tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco use among the adult population in Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used data from the 2009 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in Bangladesh consisting of 9,629 adults aged ≥15 years. Differences in and predictors of prevalence for both smoking and smokeless tobacco use were analyzed using selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics that included gender, age, place of residence, education, occupation, and an index of wealth. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking is high among males (44.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.5-47.0) as compared to females (1.5%, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1), whereas the prevalence of smokeless tobacco is almost similar among both males (26.4%, 95% CI: 24.2-28.6) and females (27.9%, 95% CI: 25.9-30.0). Correlates of current smoking are male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 41.46, CI = 23.8-73.4), and adults in older age (ORs range from 1.99 in 24-35 years age to 5.49 in 55-64 years age), less education (ORs range from 1.47 in less than secondary to 3.25 in no formal education), and lower socioeconomic status (ORs range from 1.56 in high wealth index to 2.48 in lowest wealth index. Predictors of smokeless tobacco use are older age (ORs range from 2.54in 24-35 years age to 12.31 in 55-64 years age), less education (ORs range from 1.44 in less than secondary to 2.70 in no formal education), and the low (OR = 1.34, CI = 1.0-1.7) or lowest (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.1-1.9) socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION Implementation of tobacco control strategies needs to bring special attention on disadvantaged group and cover all types of tobacco product as outlined in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and WHO MPOWER to protect people's health and prevent premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Palipudi
- Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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Martin CR, Zaman MM, Ketwaroo GA, Bhutta AQ, Coronel E, Popov Y, Schuppan D, Freedman SD. CFTR dysfunction predisposes to fibrotic liver disease in a murine model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G474-81. [PMID: 22679000 PMCID: PMC3423138 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00055.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) is a rapidly progressive biliary fibrosis, resembling primary sclerosing cholangitis that develops in 5-10% of patients with cystic fibrosis. Further research and evaluation of therapies are hampered by the lack of a mouse model for CFLD. Although primary sclerosing cholangitis is linked to both ulcerative colitis and loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel function, induction of colitis with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in cftr(-/-) mice causes bile duct injury but no fibrosis. Since profibrogenic modifier genes are linked to CFLD, we examined whether subthreshhold doses of the profibrogenic xenobiotic 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), along with DSS-induced colitis, lead to bile duct injury and liver fibrosis in mice that harbor loss of CFTR function. Exon 10 heterozygous (cftr(+/-)) and homozygous (cftr(-/-)) mice treated with DDC demonstrated extensive mononuclear cell inflammation, bile duct proliferation, and periductular fibrosis. In contrast, wild-type (cftr(+/+)) littermates did not develop bile duct injury or fibrosis. Histological changes corresponded to increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyproline, and expression of profibrogenic transcripts for transforming growth factor-β(1), transforming growth factor-β(2), procollagen α(1)(I), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metaloproteinase-1. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated fibrosis and activation of periductal fibrogenic cells based on positive staining for lysyl oxidase-like-2, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen I. These data demonstrate that subthreshold doses of DDC, in conjunction with DSS-induced colitis, results in bile duct injury and periductal fibrosis in mice with partial or complete loss of CFTR function and may represent a useful model to study the pathogenic mechanisms by which CFTR dysfunction predisposes to fibrotic liver disease and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilia R. Martin
- 1Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; ,3Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Munir M. Zaman
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Gyanprakash A. Ketwaroo
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Abdul Q. Bhutta
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Emmanuel Coronel
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Yury Popov
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and ,3Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Martin CR, DaSilva DA, Cluette-Brown JE, DiMonda C, Hamill A, Bhutta AQ, Coronel E, Wilschanski M, Stephens AJ, Driscoll DF, Bistrian BR, Ware JH, Zaman MM, Freedman SD. Decreased postnatal docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid blood levels in premature infants are associated with neonatal morbidities. J Pediatr 2011; 159:743-749.e1-2. [PMID: 21658712 PMCID: PMC3701520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the changes in whole blood fatty acid levels in premature infants and evaluate associations between these changes and neonatal morbidities. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of 88 infants born at <30 weeks' gestation. Serial fatty acid profiles during the first postnatal month and infant outcomes, including chronic lung disease (CLD), retinopathy of prematurity, and late-onset sepsis, were analyzed. Regression modeling was applied to determine the association between fatty acid levels and neonatal morbidities. RESULTS Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid levels declined rapidly in the first postnatal week, with a concomitant increase in linoleic acid levels. Decreased DHA level was associated with an increased risk of CLD (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-5.0). Decreased arachidonic acid level was associated with an increased risk of late-onset sepsis (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7). The balance of fatty acids was also a predictor of CLD and late-onset sepsis. An increased linoleic acid:DHA ratio was associated with an increased risk of CLD (OR, 8.6; 95% CI, 1.4-53.1) and late-onset sepsis (hazard ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.5-14.1). CONCLUSION Altered postnatal fatty acid levels in premature infants are associated with an increased risk of CLD and late-onset sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilia R. Martin
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Deborah A. DaSilva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Clementina DiMonda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ashley Hamill
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Abdul Q. Bhutta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Emmanuel Coronel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Wilschanski
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Hadassah University Medical Center
| | - Alisa J. Stephens
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Bruce R. Bistrian
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - James H. Ware
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Munir M. Zaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Zaman MM, Haque SS, Siddique MA, Banerjee S, Ahmed CM, Sharma AK, Rahman MF, Haque MH, Joarder AI, Sultan AU, Fatema K. Correlation between severity of coronary artery stenosis and perfusion defect assessed by SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. Mymensingh Med J 2010; 19:608-613. [PMID: 20956907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Numerous non-invasive techniques are developed to assess the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary angiography (CAG) is an established method for the diagnosis and to quantify the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Single photon emission computed tomography-myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) using Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) tetrofosmin is also a useful established technique for the assessment of severity of CAD. This prospective observational study was carried out in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) to assess the severity of coronary artery stenosis using Tc-99m Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) in comparison with CAG. Eighty two (82) consecutive patients with mean age 53.51(SD+/-7.08) years and Candian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class I and II severity of chest pain, male: female ratio (4.8:1) was studied. Tc-99m SPECT-MPI was performed by one-day exercise stress and rest protocol. A total of two hundred and forty six coronary artery territories examined in this study. By CAG normal coronary arteries were found in seventy six, moderate stenosis in twenty four and severe stenosis in one hundred and forty-six coronary artery territories whereas SPECT-MPI found normal perfusion in twenty seven, mild perfusion abnormality in seventeen, moderate perfusion abnormality in thirty two and severe perfusion abnormality in one hundred and sixty five coronary artery territories. Sensitivity and specificity of SPECT-MPI using Tc-99m tetrofosmin in detecting coronary artery stenosis were 87.09% and 80.95% respectively. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of the test were 91.01%, 73.91% and 85.18% respectively. From this study it can be concluded that Tc-99m SPECT-MPI was a safe, effective and excellent non-invasive tool for the detection of severity of coronary artery lesion and can be used to predict severity of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- Department of Cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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13
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Zaman MM, Martin CR, Andersson C, Bhutta AQ, Cluette-Brown JE, Laposata M, Freedman SD. Linoleic acid supplementation results in increased arachidonic acid and eicosanoid production in CF airway cells and in cftr-/- transgenic mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L599-606. [PMID: 20656894 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00346.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients display a fatty acid imbalance characterized by low linoleic acid levels and variable changes in arachidonic acid. This led to the recommendation that CF patients consume a high-fat diet containing >6% linoleic acid. We hypothesized that increased conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in CF leads to increased levels of arachidonate-derived proinflammatory metabolites and that this process is exacerbated by increasing linoleic acid levels in the diet. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of linoleic acid supplementation on downstream proinflammatory biomarkers in two CF models: 1) in vitro cell culture model using 16HBE14o(-) sense [wild-type (WT)] and antisense (CF) human airway epithelial cells; and 2) in an in vivo model using cftr(-/-) transgenic mice. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and IL-8 and eicosanoids were measured by ELISA. Neutrophils were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from knockout mice following linoleic acid supplementation and exposure to aerosolized Pseudomonas LPS. Linoleic acid supplementation increased arachidonic acid levels in CF but not WT cells. IL-8, PGE(2), and PGF(2α) secretion were increased in CF compared with WT cells, with a further increase following linoleic acid supplementation. cftr(-/-) Mice supplemented with 100 mg of linoleic acid had increased arachidonic acid levels in lung tissue associated with increased neutrophil infiltration into the airway compared with control mice. These findings support the hypothesis that increasing linoleic acid levels in the setting of loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function leads to increased arachidonic acid levels and proinflammatory mediators.
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14
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Rahman MA, Zaman MM. Smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption: possible risk factors for coronary heart disease among young patients attending a tertiary care cardiac hospital in Bangladesh. Public Health 2008; 122:1331-8. [PMID: 18657835 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with various types of tobacco consumption among young patients aged 20-49 years attending a tertiary care cardiac hospital in Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS The study was undertaken at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study population comprised 69 cases with CHD and 138 controls without CHD from the emergency department of NICVD. Quantitative interviews were performed. RESULTS Most of the cases (79.7%) were either current or past consumers of some form of tobacco, compared with less than half of the controls (46.4%). The increased risk of CHD was approximately four fold in ever smokers [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-9.5] and cases who had ever used smokeless tobacco (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.0-8.1). Smokeless tobacco consumption was strongly associated with CHD after adjustment for smoking and other confounders. CONCLUSION This study found evidence for an association between various types of tobacco consumption and CHD, particularly for bidi smoking and different types of smokeless tobacco consumption. Policies should be made and implemented to combat bidi smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption, as well as cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rahman
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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15
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Andersson C, Al-Turkmani MR, Savaille JE, Alturkmani R, Katrangi W, Cluette-Brown JE, Zaman MM, Laposata M, Freedman SD. Cell culture models demonstrate that CFTR dysfunction leads to defective fatty acid composition and metabolism. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1692-700. [PMID: 18441018 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700388-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with fatty acid alterations characterized by low linoleic and docosahexaenoic acid. It is not clear whether these fatty acid alterations are directly linked to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction or result from nutrient malabsorption. We hypothesized that if fatty acid alterations are a result of CFTR dysfunction, those alterations should be demonstrable in CF cell culture models. Two CF airway epithelial cell lines were used: 16HBE, sense and antisense CFTR cells, and C38/IB3-1 cells. Wild-type (WT) and CF cells were cultured in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 10% horse serum. Fatty acid levels were analyzed by GC-MS. Culture of both WT and CF cells in FBS resulted in very low linoleic acid levels. When cells were cultured in horse serum containing concentrations of linoleic acid matching those found in human plasma, physiological levels of linoleic acid were obtained and fatty acid alterations characteristic of CF tissues were then evident in CF compared with WT cells. Kinetic studies with radiolabeled linoleic acid demonstrated in CF cells increased conversion to longer and more-desaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that CFTR dysfunction is associated with altered fatty acid metabolism in cultured airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Andersson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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16
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Andersson C, Zaman MM, Jones AB, Freedman SD. Alterations in immune response and PPAR/LXR regulation in cystic fibrosis macrophages. J Cyst Fibros 2008; 7:68-78. [PMID: 17889625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response in epithelial cells and macrophages. In CF mice, lung inflammation can be abrogated by oral treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Since PPARs and LXRs are important regulators of inflammation and fatty acid metabolism in macrophages, we hypothesized that these pathways are dysregulated in CF macrophages and are corrected with DHA treatment. METHODS Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from wild type and cftr(-/-) mice. LPS induced cytokine secretion and NFkappaB activity were analyzed with and without oral DHA treatment. The expression and activity of PPARalpha,gamma, delta and LXRalpha were analyzed by RT-PCR and EMSA. RESULTS LPS induced TNFalpha and IL-6 secretion and NFkappaB p65 activity were increased in CF macrophages. This was associated with low basal PPARgamma expression and attenuated LPS induced induction of PPARdelta, LXRalpha and ABCA1. DHA pretreatment in vivo decreased TNFalpha secretion and p65 activity, and increased PPARalpha and gamma expression and function. The effects of DHA could be reproduced by PPAR agonists and blocked by a PPARalpha antagonist. CONCLUSION Impaired regulation of nuclear receptors may contribute to the abnormal LPS induced signaling in CF macrophages and is reversed by DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston 02215, MA, United States
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17
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Itzkan I, Qiu L, Fang H, Zaman MM, Vitkin E, Ghiran IC, Salahuddin S, Modell M, Andersson C, Kimerer LM, Cipolloni PB, Lim KH, Freedman SD, Bigio I, Sachs BP, Hanlon EB, Perelman LT. Confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic microscopy monitors organelles in live cells with no exogenous labels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:17255-60. [PMID: 17956980 PMCID: PMC2077242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708669104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports the development of an optical imaging technique, confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic (CLASS) microscopy, capable of noninvasively determining the dimensions and other physical properties of single subcellular organelles. CLASS microscopy combines the principles of light-scattering spectroscopy (LSS) with confocal microscopy. LSS is an optical technique that relates the spectroscopic properties of light elastically scattered by small particles to their size, refractive index, and shape. The multispectral nature of LSS enables it to measure internal cell structures much smaller than the diffraction limit without damaging the cell or requiring exogenous markers, which could affect cell function. Scanning the confocal volume across the sample creates an image. CLASS microscopy approaches the accuracy of electron microscopy but is nondestructive and does not require the contrast agents common to optical microscopy. It provides unique capabilities to study functions of viable cells, which are beyond the capabilities of other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Itzkan
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Le Qiu
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Hui Fang
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Munir M. Zaman
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Edward Vitkin
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ionita C. Ghiran
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Saira Salahuddin
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mark Modell
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Charlotte Andersson
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Lauren M. Kimerer
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Research Service, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford, MA 01730
| | - Patsy B. Cipolloni
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Research Service, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford, MA 01730
| | - Kee-Hak Lim
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Irving Bigio
- Departments of Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Benjamin P. Sachs
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Eugene B. Hanlon
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Research Service, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford, MA 01730
| | - Lev T. Perelman
- *Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
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18
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Fang H, Qiu L, Vitkin E, Zaman MM, Andersson C, Salahuddin S, Kimerer LM, Cipolloni PB, Modell MD, Turner BS, Keates SE, Bigio I, Itzkan I, Freedman SD, Bansil R, Hanlon EB, Perelman LT. Confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic microscopy. Appl Opt 2007; 46:1760-9. [PMID: 17356619 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel optical method for observing submicrometer intracellular structures in living cells, which is called confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic (CLASS) microscopy. It combines confocal microscopy, a well-established high-resolution microscopic technique, with light-scattering spectroscopy. CLASS microscopy requires no exogenous labels and is capable of imaging and continuously monitoring individual viable cells, enabling the observation of cell and organelle functioning at scales of the order of 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, MA 02215, USA
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Talukder MMR, Zaman MM, Hayashi Y, Wu JC, Kawanishi T. Thermostability of Cromobacterium viscosum lipase in AOT/isooctane reverse micelle. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 141:77-84. [PMID: 17625267 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-9211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The thermostability of Cromobacterium viscosum lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) entrapped in AOT (sodium bis-[2-ethylhexyl] sulfosuccinate) reverse micelles was increased by the addition of short-chain polyethylene glycol (PEG 400). Two different approaches were considered: (1) the determination of half-life time and (2) the mechanistic analysis of deactivation kinetics. The half-life of lipase entrapped in AOT/isooctane reverse micelles with PEG 400 at 60 degrees C was 28 h, ninefold higher than that in reverse micelles without PEG 400. The lipase entrapped in both reverse micellar systems followed a series-type deactivation mechanism involving two first-order steps. The deactivation constant for the first step at 60 degrees C in PEG containing reverse micelles was 0.055 h!1, 11-fold lower than that in reverse micelles without PEG, whereas it remained almost constant for the second step. The inactivation energy of the lipase entrapped in reverse micelles with and without PEG 400 was 88.12 and 21.97 kJ/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M R Talukder
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Jurong Island, Singapore.
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Blanco PG, Salem RO, Ollero M, Zaman MM, Cluette-Brown JE, Freedman SD, Laposata M. Ethanol administration to cystic fibrosis knockout mice results in increased fatty acid ethyl ester production. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 29:2039-45. [PMID: 16340462 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000187593.86202.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) are nonoxidative ethanol metabolites shown to produce toxic effects in the liver and pancreas in vivo and in vitro. Because alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis is associated with mutations in the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CFTR), we hypothesized that CFTR dysfunction leads to increased levels of these toxic nonoxidative ethanol metabolites following alcohol administration. METHODS Cystic fibrosis (CF) and wild-type (WT) mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1, 2, or 3 g/kg of 50% ethanol. Mice were sacrificed and the liver and pancreas removed for FAEE analysis. RESULTS The mean FAEE concentration (pmol/g) detected in the liver of cftr mice following injection with 2 g/kg of ethanol was significantly greater than the amount detected in WT (p < 0.005). A similar trend in FAEE concentration was seen in the pancreas, but the difference was not statistically different. In both the liver and pancreas, analysis of individual FAEE species demonstrated a selective increase in ethyl oleate. CONCLUSION These data show an association between CFTR dysfunction and qualitative and quantitative changes in FAEE in liver and pancreas upon ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Blanco
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Ollero M, Laposata M, Zaman MM, Blanco PG, Andersson C, Zeind J, Urman Y, Kent G, Alvarez JG, Freedman SD. Evidence of increased flux to n-6 docosapentaenoic acid in phospholipids of pancreas from cftr-/- knockout mice. Metabolism 2006; 55:1192-200. [PMID: 16919538 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An association has been reported between alterations in fatty acid metabolism and cystic fibrosis (CF). We hypothesized that these alterations are specific for a particular lipid component(s) and are the result of a specific metabolic defect. The different lipid classes were examined for fatty acid changes by using pancreatic homogenates and primary cultures of pancreatic acini from cftr(-/-) (CF) and wild-type mice. Lipid classes and phospholipids were separated by aminopropyl column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed. The results indicate that in CF mice (1) linoleate was decreased in phospholipids but not in neutral lipids; (2) there was an increase in dihomo-gamma-linolenate and in docosapentaenoate, the terminal fatty acid of the n-6 pathway, in total lipids and total phospholipids, but not in the neutral lipid class; and (3) the docosapentaenoate (n-6)/docosahexaenoate (n-3) ratio was significantly elevated in neutral phospholipids. This suggests an enhanced flux through the n-6 pathway beyond arachidonate. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of the fatty acid alterations found in CF, as reflected by the cftr(-/-) mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ollero
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Pall H, Zaman MM, Andersson C, Freedman SD. Decreased peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha is associated with bile duct injury in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-/- mice. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 42:275-81. [PMID: 16540796 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000189368.37535.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is associated with mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. As proof of concept that CFTR dysfunction plays a role in PSC, induction of colitis in cftr mice results in bile duct injury that can be prevented by pretreatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). OBJECTIVES Determine whether 1) CFTR dysfunction in cftr mice through a reduction in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)alpha or gamma leads to bile duct injury and 2) whether DHA prevents bile duct injury through an increase in PPAR. METHODS Cftr and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis with or without pretreatment with oral DHA. PPARalpha and gamma as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha were analyzed in liver tissue. PPARalpha mice were also treated with DSS and histology examined. RESULTS PPARgamma mRNA levels were low, with DSS suppressing mRNA levels equally in WT and cftr mice. PPARalpha levels were no different between cftr and WT litter mates by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. After DSS, WT mice showed a 9.3-fold increase in PPARalpha mRNA levels and increased nuclear localization compared with no DSS (P < 0.05), with no increase seen in cftr mice. This was not caused by changes in TNFalpha. DHA treatment led to 7.0-fold increase in PPARalpha mRNA levels in cftr mice (P < 0.01). PPARalpha mice treated with DSS did not develop bile duct injury, indicating that PPARalpha alone is not sufficient to cause bile duct inflammation. CONCLUSION DSS induced bile duct injury in cftr mice is associated with a defect in PPARalpha expression, which is reversed by DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Pall
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zaman MM, Gelrud A, Junaidi O, Regan MM, Warny M, Shea JC, Kelly C, O'Sullivan BP, Freedman SD. Interleukin 8 secretion from monocytes of subjects heterozygous for the deltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutation is altered. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2005; 11:819-24. [PMID: 15358638 PMCID: PMC515258 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.5.819-824.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit an excessive host inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine (i) whether interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion is increased from monocytes from subjects heterozygous as well as homozygous for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations and (ii) whether this is due to increased cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptors or, alternatively, increased activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). The basal level of IL-8 secretion was higher from monocytes from CF patients than from monocytes from healthy controls (P = 0.02) and obligate heterozygotes (parents of the CF patients). The 50% effective concentrations for LPS-induced IL-8 production for monocytes from both CF patients and obligate heterozygotes were 100-fold lower than those for monocytes from healthy controls (P < 0.05). No differences in the levels of IL-1beta production were seen between these groups. Expression of the LPS surface receptors CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 were not different between CF patients and healthy controls. In contrast, phosphorylation of the MAPKs p38 and ERK occurred at lower doses of LPS in monocytes from patients heterozygous and homozygous for CFTR mutations. These results indicate that a single allelic CFTR mutation is sufficient to augment IL-8 secretion in response to LPS. This is not a result of increased LPS receptor expression but, rather, is associated with alterations in MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir M Zaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Ollero M, Junaidi O, Zaman MM, Tzameli I, Ferrando AA, Andersson C, Blanco PG, Bialecki E, Freedman SD. Decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in cftr-/- mice. J Cell Physiol 2004; 200:235-44. [PMID: 15174093 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Some of the pathological manifestations of cystic fibrosis are in accordance with an impaired expression and/or activity of PPARgamma. We hypothesized that PPARgamma expression is altered in tissues lacking the normal cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR). PPARgamma mRNA levels were measured in colonic mucosa, ileal mucosa, adipose tissue, lung, and liver from wild-type and cftr-/- mice by quantitative RT-PCR. PPARgamma expression was decreased twofold in CFTR-regulated tissues (colon, ileum, and lung) from cftr-/- mice compared to wild-type littermates. In contrast, no differences were found in fat and liver. Immunohistochemical analysis of PPARgamma in ileum and colon revealed a predominantly nuclear localization in wild-type mucosal epithelial cells while tissues from cftr-/- mice showed a more diffuse, lower intensity labeling. A significant decrease in PPARgamma expression was confirmed in nuclear extracts of colon mucosa by Western blot analysis. In addition, binding of the PPARgamma/RXR heterodimer to an oligonucletotide containing a peroxisome proliferator responsive element (PPRE) was also decreased in colonic mucosa extracts from cftr-/- mice. Treatment of cftr-/- mice with the PPARgamma ligand rosiglitazone restored both the nuclear localization and binding to DNA, but did not increase RNA levels. We conclude that PPARgamma expression in cftr-/- mice is downregulated at the RNA and protein levels and its function diminished. These changes may be related to the loss of function of CFTR and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of metabolic abnormalities associated with cystic fibrosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ollero
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Blanco PG, Zaman MM, Junaidi O, Sheth S, Yantiss RK, Nasser IA, Freedman SD. Induction of colitis in cftr-/- mice results in bile duct injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 287:G491-6. [PMID: 15064232 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00452.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown why some patients with inflammatory bowel disease develop primary sclerosing cholangitis. We have recently shown that patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis have an increased prevalence of mutations in the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CFTR) compared with individuals with inflammatory bowel disease alone. Our aim was to examine whether induction of colitis by oral dextran leads to bile duct injury in mice heterozygous or homozygous for mutations in CFTR. The effect of oral administration of docosahexaenoic acid to correct a fatty acid imbalance associated with cystic fibrosis was also examined to determine whether this would prevent bile duct inflammation. Wild-type mice and mice heterozygous and homozygous for CFTR mutations were given dextran orally for 14 days to induce colitis. Bile duct injury was quantitated by blinded histological scoring and measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The effect of pretreatment with docosahexaenoic acid for 7 days was examined. Treatment of mice with 100 mg dextran/day for 9 days followed by 85 mg/day for 5 days resulted in a significant increase in bile duct injury as determined by histological scoring in homozygous cystic fibrosis mice compared with wild-type mice (P = 0.005). The bile duct injury seen in cystic fibrosis mice was reflected in a threefold increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0006). Pretreatment with oral docosahexaenoic acid decreased both histological evidence of bile duct injury and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. In the setting of colitis, loss of CFTR function leads to bile duct injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Blanco
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Dana 501, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Freedman SD, Blanco PG, Zaman MM, Shea JC, Ollero M, Hopper IK, Weed DA, Gelrud A, Regan MM, Laposata M, Alvarez JG, O'Sullivan BP. Association of cystic fibrosis with abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:560-9. [PMID: 14762183 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa021218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cystic fibrosis have altered levels of plasma fatty acids. We previously demonstrated that arachidonic acid levels are increased and docosahexaenoic acid levels are decreased in affected tissues from cystic fibrosis-knockout mice. In this study we determined whether humans with mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene have a similar fatty acid defect in tissues expressing CFTR. METHODS Fatty acids from nasal- and rectal-biopsy specimens, nasal epithelial scrapings, and plasma were analyzed from 38 subjects with cystic fibrosis and compared with results in 13 obligate heterozygotes, 24 healthy controls, 11 subjects with inflammatory bowel disease, 9 subjects with upper respiratory tract infection, and 16 subjects with asthma. RESULTS The ratio of arachidonic to docosahexaenoic acid was increased in mucosal and submucosal nasal-biopsy specimens (P<0.001) and rectal-biopsy specimens (P=0.009) from subjects with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic sufficiency and subjects with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency, as compared with values in healthy control subjects. In nasal tissue, this change reflected an increase in arachidonic acid levels and a decrease in docosahexaenoic acid levels. In cells from nasal mucosa, the ratio of arachidonic to docosahexaenoic acid was increased in subjects with cystic fibrosis (P<0.001), as compared with healthy controls, with values in obligate heterozygotes intermediate between these two groups (P<0.001). The ratio was not increased in subjects with inflammatory bowel disease. Subjects with asthma and those with upper respiratory tract infection had values intermediate between those in subjects with cystic fibrosis and those in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that alterations in fatty acids similar to those in cystic fibrosis-knockout mice are present in CFTR-expressing tissue from subjects with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Freedman
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Ahmed J, Zaman MM, Keramat Ali SM. Identification of serogroups of beta hemolytic streptococci in children with tonsillo-pharyngitis. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2003; 29:113-7. [PMID: 15053273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic fever and post streptococcal glomerulonephritis are common sequelae of beta hemolytic streptococci among Bangladeshi children. The occurrence of these serious complications of beta hemolytic streptococcal throat infections are related to the epidemiology of group A beta hemolytic streptococci. Little is known about the epidemiology of beta hemolytic streptococci in Bangladesh. We have studied 6890 school boys and girls of Narayangonj to find out the prevalence of beta hemolytic streptococcal infections of throat. From them we selected 2175 children, who were suffering from tonsillo-pharyngitis. This cross sectional study was conducted during March-December 1999. All statistical analysis was done by using statistical package SPSS windows version 8. The mean (SD) age of the children was 11.1 (3.3) years. Four hundred and twenty eight isolates of beta hemolytic streptococci were recovered from tonsillo-pharyngeal swab cultures obtained from 428 children. Among the isolated beta hemolytic streptococci, 92 (21.5%) belonged to group A, 5 (1.2%) to group B, 14 (3.3%) to group C and 317 (74.0%) to group G. These findings demonstrated the predominance of group G followed by A infection among school children. Therefore special attention should be paid not only to group A but also to group G. Further studies to determine prevalence of M serotypes are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahmed
- National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Discases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka
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Ahmed J, Zaman MM, Ali K. Antioxidant vitamins improves hemoglobin level in children with group a beta hemolytic streptococcal infection. Mymensingh Med J 2003; 12:120-3. [PMID: 12894046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A study was done on school children infected with group A beta hemolytic streptococci to examine whether antioxidant vitamins play a role in improving the hemoglobin level. A total of 606 primary school children aged 5 to 15 years were randomly divided into two intervention groups. Group 1 (n=299) was treated with pehnoxymethyl penicillin V and group 2 (n=307) was treated with phenoxymethyl penicillin V plus antioxidant vitamins for eight weeks. From each group two blood samples were drawn in acute and convalescent (after eight weeks) states. Before treatment, mean hemoglobin values were 11.0 and 10.8 mg/dL in groups 1 and 2 respectively. After treatment hemoglobin values were 10.5 and 11.6 mg/dL respectively. Values were significantly decreased in group 1 (P=0.0001), whereas increased in group 2 (P=0.001). Adjustment for age and sex by ANCOVA confirmed the difference in hemoglobin levels between group (LS means-0.5 vs 0.8 in groups 1 and 2 respectively (P=0.0001). Hemoglobin level increases after antioxidant vitamin supplementation in children suffering from group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahmed
- Clinical Pathologist, National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar,Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Recco RA, Zaman MM, Cortes H, Colucci J, Poomkudy G, Kaplan EL. Intra-familial transmission of life-threatening group A streptococcal infection. Epidemiol Infect 2002; 129:303-6. [PMID: 12403106 PMCID: PMC2869889 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268802007343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections have been of increasing concern worldwide during the past 15 years. Spread of group A streptococci to contacts with resulting invasive infection has been reported in families, in residential nursing homes, and even from patients to health care workers. We report an instance of temporally related life-threatening group A streptococcal infection in a husband and 2 weeks later in his wife. This example further emphasizes the need for careful observation among family members and other close contacts of patients with invasive group A streptococcal infection. Although at present there are no universal recommendations for monitoring or for antibiotic prophylaxis of close contacts of persons with invasive GAS infection, when added to existing literature, this report suggests additional consideration is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Recco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Coney Island Hospital and State Univeristy of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, New York 11235, USA
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Zaman MM, Hassan MMM, Ahmed J, Zareen S, Jalil MQ, Eshaque N, Khanom R, Khan A, Osman M, Rouf MA, Haque KMHSS. Streptococcal antibodies among rural school children in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2002; 28:1-6. [PMID: 12587755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The upper limit of normal values of group A streptococcal antibodies should be known for a population concerned because it is influenced by many local conditions. As yet the reference value of the these antibodies has not been determined by using a quantitative method among Bangladeshi children. We determined the reference value of anti-streptolysin O and anti-deoxyribonuclease B among 361 apparently healthy rural Bangladeshi primary school children (aged 5 to 14 years, mean 9.2 years). Anti-streptolysin O was measured by an auto-analyzer and antideoxyribonuclease B was measured by microtitre method. The geometric mean titres for the entire group was 241 IU/ml and 222 IU/ml for anti-streptolysin O and anti-deoxyribonuclease B respectively. The upper limit of normal values (80th percentile) was 390 and 340 for anti-streptolysin O and anti-deoxyribonuclease B, respectively. These limits should be of value to physicians, epidemiologists and clinical laboratory personnel as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zaman MM, Yoshiike N, Tanaka H. Dissecting the contradictory findings of angiotensin converting enzyme genetic polymorphism with blood pressure and hypertension. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2001; 27:90-5. [PMID: 12197628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The studies on the association of deletion/insertion (D/I) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene with blood pressure and hypertension reported contradictory results. We review the articles that considered blood pressure or hypertension as the main outcome measure to have an overview of the situation. There is heterogeneity of allele frequencies of ACE locus among ethnic groups. In descending order of D allele frequencies, ethnic groups are: Gulf Bedouin (0.657), Black (0.597), White (0.577), Chinese (0.400), Japanese (0.377), Bangladeshi (0.374) and Indian Sikh (0.373). Multiple studies were available for the Caucasians and Japanese with relatively large sample sizes. Three out of five studies in the Caucasians found association either in males or in females with blood pressure or hypertension. None of the three Japanese studies observed an association. So, ACE locus may be considered a marker for blood pressure or hypertension in the Caucasians but not in the Japanese. This racial difference is not surprising, because heterogenecity of ACE activity according to ACE genotypes has been reported among ethnic groups, and important differences in environmental factors persist. Studies in other populations were either small or sampling procedures were not adequately described. Given that the studies varied in designs, settings, sample size, and adjustment for confounding variables, adequately powered large-scale multicentre, multi-ethnic population-based studies using same method are required to resolve this contradiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- National Centre for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka
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Abstract
The reference value of immunoglobulins (Igs) should be known for a population concerned because it is influenced by many clinical and local conditions. As yet the reference value of the Igs have not been determined in Bangladeshi children. This study determined the reference value of Igs in apparently healthy 261 rural Bangladeshi primary school children (aged 5 to 14 years, mean 9.3 years). IgG, IgM and IgA were determined by an auto-analyzer. The mean (standard deviation) value of IgG was 1728 (344) mg/dl. The corresponding values for IgM and IgA were 200 (88) and 163 (63) mg/dl, respectively. The 95% reference value calculation in all subjects showed that the range for IgG was 1103 to 2524, IgM was 92 to 390, and IgA was 72 to 325 mg/dl. These values could be used to evaluate Ig status in children with a variety of clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahmed
- National Centre for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Tarafdar K, Rao S, Recco RA, Zaman MM. Lack of sensitivity of the latex agglutination test to detect bacterial antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with culture-negative meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33:406-8. [PMID: 11438913 DOI: 10.1086/321885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2000] [Revised: 11/30/2000] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
For culture-negative meningitis, use of the latex agglutination test for detection of bacterial antigen in the CSF has a sensitivity of only 7%. Routine use of the latex agglutination test may not contribute to the management of suspected acute bacterial meningitis, since patients are treated on the basis of their clinical presentations and CSF findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tarafdar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Coney Island Hospital and State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, 2601 Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn, NY 11235, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- National Centre for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Chowdhury AH, Yokoyama T, Kokubo Y, Zaman MM, Haque A, Tanaka H. Apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphism and stroke subtypes in a Bangladeshi hospital-based study. J Epidemiol 2001; 11:131-8. [PMID: 11434425 DOI: 10.2188/jea.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) genetic polymorphism and stroke has not been concordant in different racial populations. We investigated the association between apoE genotypes and stroke subtypes by a case-control study in Bangladesh for the first time among south Asian countries. First-ever-stroke patients (n=227; cerebral infarction, n=147, cerebral hemorrhage, n=80) and 190 controls were recruited from a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The diagnosis of stroke was based on CT and clinical findings. Cerebral infarction was classified anatomically into cortical and penetrating region. Infarction in the cortical region was further categorized etiologically into thrombosis and embolism. Cerebral hemorrhage was considered as a whole in all analyses. ApoE genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism. In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders both the epsilon3/epsilon4 genotype and epsilon4 carrier conferred an approximately 3-fold increased risk for cerebral thrombosis in the cortical artery region (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 10.4 and OR 3.1, 95% Cl 1.1 to 9.0, respectively) compared with epsilon3/epsilon3 genotype. However, when the analysis was restricted to the elderly (>60 years), epsilon 2 carrier was associated with a risk of hemorrhagic stroke (OR 19.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 295.2). Our study suggested that both apoE epsilon3/epsilon4 genotype and epsilon4 carriers were risk factors for cerebral thrombosis in cortical artery region, whereas epsilon 2 carrier was a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Chowdhury
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Zaman MM, Yoshiike N, Rouf MA, Syeed MH, Khan MR, Haque S, Mahtab H, Tanaka H. Cardiovascular risk factors: distribution and prevalence in a rural population of Bangladesh. J Cardiovasc Risk 2001; 8:103-8. [PMID: 11324369 DOI: 10.1177/174182670100800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the cardiovascular risk factors in the Bangladeshi population. We examined 'classic' risk factors, including central obesity, in a rural population. METHODS Non-biochemical variables were examined in 238 men and 272 women aged 18 years or more (mean +/- standard deviation 38.1 +/- 10.7 years in men and 36.0 +/- 9.8 in women). Fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol concentrations were determined in a sub-sample of 106 men and 135 women. RESULTS Men and women had a similar body mass index (20.4 +/- 3.1 vs 20.8 +/- 3.4 kg/m2), waist circumference (72.8 +/- 7.6 vs 71.4 +/- 8.7 cm), systolic blood pressure (118.4 +/- 13.7 vs 119.5 +/- 17.7 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (75.9 +/- 9.9 vs 74.6 +/- 11.5 mmHg), total cholesterol (155.7 +/- 36.0 vs 162.0 +/- 35.2 mg/dl) and blood glucose level (89.0 +/- 14.9 vs 86.2 +/- 9.6 mg/dl. After categorization of these variables, the prevalence of thinness (body mass index < 18.5; 30.0 vs 30.3%), obesity (body mass index > or = 30; 0.8 vs 1.1%), hypertension (systolic blood pressure > or = 140 and/or diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 or medication; 9.8 vs 15.6%), hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > or = 240; 2.8 vs 3.0%) and diabetes mellitus (blood glucose > or = 126; 2.9 vs 0.7%) remained similar between the sexes. However, central obesity (waist circumference > or = 94 cm in men and > or = 80 cm in women) was less frequent (2.9 vs 16.8%; P = 0.001) in men. Overall, tobacco consumption (57.1 vs 23.2%; P = 0.001) and smoking (50.3% vs 2.9%; P = 0.001) were more frequent in men, but chewing tobacco consumption was similar (16.3 vs 21.4%; P = 0.095). CONCLUSIONS Our sample size is small, and larger studies are necessary for a more accurate description of the risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
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Zaman MM, Yoshiike N, Date C, Yokoyama T, Matsumura Y, Ikemoto S, Tanaka H. Angiotensin converting enzyme genetic polymorphism is not associated with hypertension in a cross-sectional sample of a Japanese population: the Shibata Study. J Hypertens 2001; 19:47-53. [PMID: 11204304 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200101000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The studies on the association of deletion/ insertion (D/I) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene with blood pressure and hypertension reported contradictory results. Because there was no population-based study in Japan, we examine the hypothesized association in a cross-sectional sample of a Japanese cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS The blood pressure of 464 men and 876 women aged 40-80 years was measured, and their DNA was analyzed for ACE D/I genotypes. The prevalence of the D allele was 38.7 and 39.2% in men and women, respectively (overall 39%). There was a tendency for higher covariate (age, body mass index, albuminuria, hematocrit, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease and antihypertensive medication) adjusted mean levels of diastolic blood pressure for the DD genotype in men but not in women. However, this tendency disappeared after dichotomization of blood pressure into diagnostic categories (normotension and hypertension). Results did not differ when the subjects were divided into two age groups (< or = 59 and > or = 60 years). Covariate-adjusted odds ratios for hypertension for presence of the D allele were close to the null value of one. ACE genetic variation accounted for only 0.1 and 0.7% of the inter-individual variation in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men. These estimates were 0.2 and 0.1%, respectively, in women. CONCLUSION Although there is a tendency of higher diastolic blood pressure in men with DD genotypes, there is no convincing evidence that ACE genotypes are associated with hypertension in this Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Bangladesh.
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Zaman MM, Recco RA, Raguthu L, Likki S, Reddy S. Characteristics of HIV-1-infected patients with CD4:CD8 lymphocyte ratio normalization on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2000; 14:647-9. [PMID: 11119431 DOI: 10.1089/10872910050206568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection results in normalization of CD4:CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio in about 6% of cases. The T-cell ratio normalization on therapy was associated with a baseline CD4 of over 350 cells per microliter and a T-cell ratio of over 0.5 (for each, p < 0.01), but not with the current level of viral load suppression or compliance with clinic appointments (for each, p > 0.05). The patients with T-cell ratio normalization had a baseline median CD4 count of 428 cells per microliter (range, 353-883 cells per microliter) and a median T-cell ratio of 0.75 (range, 0.54-0.87). We could not address the effect of baseline viral load on T-cell ratio normalization, but there was no association with age, gender, race, HIV risk factor, or the length of antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Coney Island Hospital and State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Abstract
We previously showed that endocytosis at the apical plasma membrane (APM) of the pancreatic acinar cell is activated by the cleavage of GP2, a GPI-linked protein, from the apical cell surface. This endocytic process, as measured by horseradish peroxidase uptake into pancreatic acinar cells, is blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and tyrphostin B42 as well as by disruption of actin filaments with cytochalasin. This suggests that the cleavage of GP2 from the cell membrane may activate endocytosis through a tyrosine kinase-regulated pathway. However, the mechanism by which GP2 and tyrosine kinases act together to activate endocytosis at the APM remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that pp60, p62yes, caveolin, and annexin, which have previously been implicated in endocytosis in other cell lines, were present in high abundance in GPI-enriched membranes by Western blot analysis. pp60, p62yes, and caveolin all co-immunoprecipitated with GP2 except annexin. An 85-kDa protein whose tyrosine-dependent phosphorylation is correlated with the activation of endocytosis in intact acinar cells also was present in these immunoprecipitates. This suggests that in pancreatic acini, GP2 may exist in a complex with src kinases, caveolin, and an 85-kDa phosphorylated substrate to regulate endocytosis at the APM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Parker
- The Pancreas Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical Schlool, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Guttigoli A, Zaman MM. Bacteremia and possible endocarditis caused by Moraxella phenylpyruvica. South Med J 2000; 93:708-9. [PMID: 10923961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Moraxella phenylpyruvica, a gram-negative coccobacillus, is usually considered a nonpathogenic bacterium. Only a few cases of invasive disease caused by this organism were reported in the 1970s. We report a well-documented case of bacteremia and possible endocarditis due to M phenylpyruvica in a previously healthy man.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guttigoli
- Department of Medicine, Coney Island Hospital and State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, 11235, USA
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Nakayama T, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N, Zaman MM, Date C, Tanaka H, Detels R. Population attributable fraction of stroke incidence in middle-aged and elderly people: contributions of hypertension, smoking and atrial fibrillation. Neuroepidemiology 2000; 19:217-26. [PMID: 10859502 DOI: 10.1159/000026259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the population attributable fraction (PAF) of stroke due to hypertension (HT), atrial fibrillation (Af) and smoking in a Japanese community. Residents of Shibata (n = 2,302) who were surveyed initially in 1977 were followed until 1997. Two hundred and thirteen first strokes occurred. Among those 40-64 years of age, the risk ratio (RR) of Af was 11.24, followed by untreated HT (3.61), uncontrolled HT (3.69) and smoking (1.84). The PAFs, however, were 14.9% for smoking, 13.5% for untreated HT, 8.6% for uncontrolled HT and 3.6% for Af. Among those over 65 years, only Af was significant (RR 3.89) and the PAF was 6.0%. Determination of PAFs is also essential for designing effective stroke prevention programs in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakayama
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zaman MM, Yoshiike N, Faruq QO, Ahmed J, Zareen S, Rouf MA, Haque KM, Tanaka H. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in healthy school children of Bangladesh. J Epidemiol 2000; 10:124-6. [PMID: 10778037 DOI: 10.2188/jea.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reference value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) should be established for a population concerned because it is influenced by many local conditions. It has not yet been determined in healthy children of Bangladesh. This study was done to determine the reference value of ESR in Bangladeshi children. ESR was determined in a sample of 413 'healthy' primary school students (259 boys and 154 girls, mean age 8.7 years). Ninety-five percent of them had ESR < or = 30 mm (Westergren 1 h). Our findings suggest that ESR value > 30 mm (Westergren 1 h) should be considered high in Bangladeshi primary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zaman MM, Yoshiike N. Serum alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene levels are not associated with rheumatic fever in Bangladeshi children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:175-6. [PMID: 10694016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Zaman MM, Recco R, Tejwani U, Scuto TJ, Ahmed S, Hypolite A, Jayaraman G. Case of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infection associated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt that was treated with quinupristin/dalfopristin after bacteremia persisted with alatrofloxacin therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:954-5. [PMID: 10589932 DOI: 10.1086/520480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- Department of Medicine, Coney Island Hospital and State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, 11235, USA
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Zaman MM, Yoshiike N, Ahmed J, Chowdhury AH, Rouf MA, Haque KM, Tanaka H. Humoral immune response in a sample of Bangladeshi children with rheumatic fever. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 1999; 25:42-5. [PMID: 11026934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Several researchers have investigated cellular response, and antibody response to different antigens of group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, cardiac tissues and B cell alloantigen in rheumatic fever (RF). However, immunoglobulins (Ig) which may indicate general immune status did not receive attention. This study was done in the outpatient clinic of the National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Dhaka, to compare Ig levels in subjects with and without RF who have had recent group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal infections. We have recruited 44 RF cases aged 5 to 20 years, and 44 subjects without RF were randomly matched for age and sex as controls. Convalescent blood samples were used to measure antistreptolysin O and IgG, IgM, and IgA levels. The cases, as compared with the controls, had significantly higher levels of antistreptolysin O (mean 399 versus 321 IU/ml), IgG (mean 2386 versus 1885 mg/dl), IgM (mean 286 versus 222 mg/dl) and IgA (mean 258 versus 184 mg/dl). It is not clearly known why the immune response is higher in the RF cases. We have to elucidate factors responsible for higher immune response in children with RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Chowdhury AH, Zaman MM, Haque KM, Rouf MA, Shah AT, Nakayama T, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N, Tanaka H. Association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism with hypertension in a Bangladeshi population. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 1998; 24:55-9. [PMID: 10874368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with hypertension has not been confirmed. Inconsistencies may be due to the differences of background population characteristics. Till date, there has been no report in Bangladeshi population. This study was to examine the association of ACE (I/D) polymorphism with hypertension. Fifty-one primary hypertensives and fifty-two normotensives were recruited from a hospital in Dhaka city. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured. ACE (I/D) genotypes was established using polymerase chain reaction protocol. The genotype and allele frequencies did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between the groups. In logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex and body mass index, the genotypes were not associated with hypertension (DD vs II: Adds ratio = 2.6, P = 0.34; ID vs II: 0.4, 0.23; ID + DD vs II: 0.8, 0.69). In this hospital-based sample of Bangladeshi people, significant association of ACE I/D genotype with hypertension was not observed.
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Zaman MM, Yoshiike N, Rouf MA, Haque S, Chowdhury AH, Nakayama T, Tanaka H. Association of rheumatic fever with serum albumin concentration and body iron stores in Bangladeshi children: case-control study. BMJ 1998; 317:1287-8. [PMID: 9804715 PMCID: PMC28708 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Tokyo 101, Japan.
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Abstract
It has long been considered that rheumatic fever usually occurs in children between the ages of 5 and 15 years. However, supporting data from the developing countries are insufficient. It is important to know the age of occurrence of rheumatic fever for clinical and public health purposes. To describe the age distribution of Bangladeshi subjects, we have reviewed the records of all patients who attended with acute rheumatic fever in the outpatient department of the National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Dhaka, during June 1990 through November 1995. During this period 630 subjects were diagnosed to have acute rheumatic fever defined by the revised Jones criteria. Of them, 535 (84.9%) presented with first attack. Their age ranged from 3 to 30 years, and a skewness to the right of the age distribution was observed. Thus, we used percentile distribution to determine reference range of age. The 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles were 5 and 22 years, respectively. Their mean (standard deviation) and median age were 12.7 (4.4) and 12 years, respectively. Slightly more than 22% of subjects were older than 15 while less than 1% were younger than 5 years. This finding was supported by multiethnic data from other developing countries. The current analysis warrants reevaluation of the prevailing conviction for age of occurrence of rheumatic fever. In conclusion, the age reference range for occurrence of rheumatic fever in Bangladesh should be considered to be 5 to 22 years but not 5 to 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Zaman
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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Yoshiike N, Matsumura Y, Zaman MM, Yamaguchi M. Descriptive epidemiology of body mass index in Japanese adults in a representative sample from the National Nutrition Survey 1990-1994. Int J Obes (Lond) 1998; 22:684-7. [PMID: 9705030 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of obesity and reference percentile curves of body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) in Japanese adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional nationwide surveys (The National Nutrition Survey, Japan) carried out in 1990-1994. A sample of 23,556 males and 28,751 females aged 15-84 y was used for this analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of grades 1 (BMI: 25.0-29.9), 2 (30.0-39.9) and 3 (> or = 40.0) overweight, was estimated to be 24.3%, 1.84% and 0.019% in males, respectively, and 20.2%, 2.87% and 0.032% in females, respectively, subjects aged 35-64 y after standardization to the age-distribution of the standard world population (WHO, 1993). The age-standardized prevalence of obesity (for BMI > or = 26.4, a criterion of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity; and > or = 30.0 was 13.6% and 1.86% in males, respectively, and 13.5% and 2.90% in females, respectively, subjects aged 35-64 y. CONCLUSIONS The standardized prevalence of obesity (BMI > or = 30.0) in Japanese adults was quite low compared with the data in western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yoshiike
- The National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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