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Tamnanloo F, Chen X, Oliveira MM, Tremblay M, Rose CF. Excessive intragastric alcohol administration exacerbates hepatic encephalopathy and provokes neuronal cell death in male rats with chronic liver disease. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25337. [PMID: 38680084 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is defined as decline in neurological function during chronic liver disease (CLD). Alcohol is a major etiological factor in the pathogenesis of fibrosis/cirrhosis and has also been documented to directly impact the brain. However, the role of alcohol in the development of HE in CLD remains unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of excessive alcohol administration on neurological deterioration in rats with CLD. Starting day 7 post-BDL surgery, rats were administered alcohol twice daily (51% v/v ethanol, 3 g/kg, via gavage) for 4 weeks. Motor coordination was assessed weekly using rotarod and anxiety-like behavior was evaluated with open field and elevated plus maze at 5 weeks. Upon sacrifice, brains were collected for western blot and immunohistochemical analyses to investigate neuronal integrity and oxidative stress status. Alcohol worsened motor coordination performance and increased anxiety-like behavior in BDL rats. Impairments were associated with decreased neuronal markers of NeuN and SMI311, increased apoptotic markers of cleaved/pro-caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl2, increased necroptosis markers of pRIP3 and pMLKL, decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and increased 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)modified proteins in the cerebellum of BDL-alcohol rats when compared to respective controls. Immunofluorescence confirmed the colocalization of cleaved caspase-3 and pMLKL in the granular neurons of the cerebellum of BDL-alcohol rats. Excessive alcohol consumption exacerbates HE which leads to associated apoptotic and necroptotic neuronal loss in the cerebellum of BDL-alcohol rats. Additionally, higher levels of 4-HNE and decreased TAC in the cerebellum of BDL-alcohol rats suggest oxidative stress is the triggering factor of apoptotic and necroptotic neuronal loss/injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Tamnanloo
- Hepato-Neuro Lab, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Hepato-Neuro Lab, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Lab, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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2
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Taslima F, Abdelhamid M, Zhou C, Chen Y, Jung CG, Michikawa M. Tooth Loss Induces Memory Impairment and Glial Activation in Young Wild-Type Mice. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:663-675. [PMID: 36506484 PMCID: PMC9696677 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tooth loss is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we reported that tooth loss induced memory impairment in amyloid precursor protein knock-in mice by decreasing neuronal activity and synaptic protein levels and increasing glial activation, neuroinflammation, and pyramidal neuronal cell loss without altering amyloid-β levels in the hippocampus. However, the effects of tooth loss in young wild-type mice have not been explored yet. Objective We investigated the effects of tooth loss on memory impairment, neuronal activity, synaptic protein levels, glial activation, and pyramidal neuronal cell loss in young wild-type mice. Methods Two-month-old wild-type mice were randomly divided into control and tooth loss groups. In the tooth loss group, maxillary molar teeth on both sides were extracted, whereas no teeth were extracted in the control group. Two months after tooth extraction, we performed a novel object recognition test to evaluate memory function. Glial activation, neuronal activity, synaptic protein levels, and the number of pyramidal neurons were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Results The tooth loss group exhibited memory impairment and decreased neuronal activity and the levels of synaptic proteins in both the hippocampus and cortex. Moreover, tooth loss increased the activation of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and glial activation and reduced the number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. Conclusion Tooth loss in the young wild-type mice will attenuate neuronal activity, decrease synaptic protein levels, and induce pyramidal neuronal loss, and eventually lead to memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Taslima
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mona Abdelhamid
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Cha-Gyun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan,Correspondence to: Cha-Gyun Jung, PhD and Makoto Michikawa, MD, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 Aichi, Japan. Tel.: +81 52 853 8141; Fax: +81 52 841 3480; E-mail: . (Cha-Gyun Jung) and Tel.: +81 52 853 8139; Fax: +81 52 841 3480; E-mail: . (Makoto Michikawa)
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan,Correspondence to: Cha-Gyun Jung, PhD and Makoto Michikawa, MD, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601 Aichi, Japan. Tel.: +81 52 853 8141; Fax: +81 52 841 3480; E-mail: . (Cha-Gyun Jung) and Tel.: +81 52 853 8139; Fax: +81 52 841 3480; E-mail: . (Makoto Michikawa)
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Pauletti A, Terrone G, Shekh-Ahmad T, Salamone A, Ravizza T, Rizzi M, Pastore A, Pascente R, Liang LP, Villa BR, Balosso S, Abramov AY, van Vliet EA, Del Giudice E, Aronica E, Patel M, Walker MC, Vezzani A. Targeting oxidative stress improves disease outcomes in a rat model of acquired epilepsy. Brain 2019; 142:e39. [PMID: 31145451 PMCID: PMC6598637 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy therapy is based on antiseizure drugs that treat the symptom, seizures, rather than the disease and are ineffective in up to 30% of patients. There are no treatments for modifying the disease-preventing seizure onset, reducing severity or improving prognosis. Among the potential molecular targets for attaining these unmet therapeutic needs, we focused on oxidative stress since it is a pathophysiological process commonly occurring in experimental epileptogenesis and observed in human epilepsy. Using a rat model of acquired epilepsy induced by electrical status epilepticus, we show that oxidative stress occurs in both neurons and astrocytes during epileptogenesis, as assessed by measuring biochemical and histological markers. This evidence was validated in the hippocampus of humans who died following status epilepticus. Oxidative stress was reduced in animals undergoing epileptogenesis by a transient treatment with N-acetylcysteine and sulforaphane, which act to increase glutathione levels through complementary mechanisms. These antioxidant drugs are already used in humans for other therapeutic indications. This drug combination transiently administered for 2 weeks during epileptogenesis inhibited oxidative stress more efficiently than either drug alone. The drug combination significantly delayed the onset of epilepsy, blocked disease progression between 2 and 5 months post-status epilepticus and drastically reduced the frequency of spontaneous seizures measured at 5 months without modifying the average seizure duration or the incidence of epilepsy in animals. Treatment also decreased hippocampal neuron loss and rescued cognitive deficits. Oxidative stress during epileptogenesis was associated with de novo brain and blood generation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a neuroinflammatory molecule implicated in seizure mechanisms. Drug-induced reduction of oxidative stress prevented HMGB1 generation, thus highlighting a potential novel mechanism contributing to therapeutic effects. Our data show that targeting oxidative stress with clinically used drugs for a limited time window starting early after injury significantly improves long-term disease outcomes. This intervention may be considered for patients exposed to potential epileptogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pauletti
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche
Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche
Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College
London, UK
| | - Alessia Salamone
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche
Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche
Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Rizzi
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche
Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pastore
- 3 Metabolomics and Proteomics Unit, ‘Bambino Gesù’ Children’s Hospital,
IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pascente
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche
Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Li-Ping Liang
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver,
Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bianca R Villa
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche
Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Balosso
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche
Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College
London, UK
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- 5 Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ennio Del Giudice
- 6 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics,
Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- 5 Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 7 Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Manisha Patel
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver,
Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew C Walker
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College
London, UK
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche
Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
- Correpondence to: Annamaria Vezzani, PhD Department of Neuroscience
IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milano,
Italy E-mail:
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Thangamathesvaran L, Kommana SS, Duong K, Szirth B, Khouri AS. Ganglion cell complex loss in patients with type 1 diabetes: A 36-month retrospective study. Oman J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:31-36. [PMID: 30787532 PMCID: PMC6380152 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_224_2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To analyze changes over a 3-year period in ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). METHODS: Thirty-seven individuals from “Friends for Life Conference” with T1DM and a 3-year history of GCC thickness measurements were included in the study. Data analysis using SPSS 22 and Excel StatPlus was completed to note the subgroups that had a significant change. RESULTS: Significant decreases were noted in the following subgroups with slope in parenthesis. Overall: GCC superior thickness OD (−0.48) Male: GCC thickness OD (−0.86), GCC superior thickness OD (−0.735) Body mass index (BMI) 25.0–29.9: GCC thickness OD (−0.48), GCC superior thickness OS (−0.915), GCC inferior thickness OD (−0.43) Ages 10–20 years: GCC superior thickness OD (−0.635) Duration of diabetes 10–20 years: GCC thickness OD (−1.055), GCC superior thickness OD (−0.99).
CONCLUSION: GCC loss was noted in individuals who were males, those with BMIs of 25.0–29.9, and those who had diabetes for 10–20 years. Ganglion cell loss was also noted before the presence of any diabetic retinopathy, suggesting onset of neuronal loss before any vasculature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loka Thangamathesvaran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sumana S Kommana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kim Duong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bernard Szirth
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, USA
| | - Albert S Khouri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Pauletti A, Terrone G, Shekh-Ahmad T, Salamone A, Ravizza T, Rizzi M, Pastore A, Pascente R, Liang LP, Villa BR, Balosso S, Abramov AY, van Vliet EA, Del Giudice E, Aronica E, Antoine DJ, Patel M, Walker MC, Vezzani A. Targeting oxidative stress improves disease outcomes in a rat model of acquired epilepsy. Brain 2017; 140:1885-1899. [PMID: 28575153 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy therapy is based on antiseizure drugs that treat the symptom, seizures, rather than the disease and are ineffective in up to 30% of patients. There are no treatments for modifying the disease-preventing seizure onset, reducing severity or improving prognosis. Among the potential molecular targets for attaining these unmet therapeutic needs, we focused on oxidative stress since it is a pathophysiological process commonly occurring in experimental epileptogenesis and observed in human epilepsy. Using a rat model of acquired epilepsy induced by electrical status epilepticus, we show that oxidative stress occurs in both neurons and astrocytes during epileptogenesis, as assessed by measuring biochemical and histological markers. This evidence was validated in the hippocampus of humans who died following status epilepticus. Oxidative stress was reduced in animals undergoing epileptogenesis by a transient treatment with N-acetylcysteine and sulforaphane, which act to increase glutathione levels through complementary mechanisms. These antioxidant drugs are already used in humans for other therapeutic indications. This drug combination transiently administered for 2 weeks during epileptogenesis inhibited oxidative stress more efficiently than either drug alone. The drug combination significantly delayed the onset of epilepsy, blocked disease progression between 2 and 5 months post-status epilepticus and drastically reduced the frequency of spontaneous seizures measured at 5 months without modifying the average seizure duration or the incidence of epilepsy in animals. Treatment also decreased hippocampal neuron loss and rescued cognitive deficits. Oxidative stress during epileptogenesis was associated with de novo brain and blood generation of disulfide high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a neuroinflammatory molecule implicated in seizure mechanisms. Drug-induced reduction of oxidative stress prevented disulfide HMGB1 generation, thus highlighting a potential novel mechanism contributing to therapeutic effects. Our data show that targeting oxidative stress with clinically used drugs for a limited time window starting early after injury significantly improves long-term disease outcomes. This intervention may be considered for patients exposed to potential epileptogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pauletti
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, UK
| | - Alessia Salamone
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Rizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pastore
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Unit, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pascente
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bianca R Villa
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Balosso
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, UK
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ennio Del Giudice
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, UK
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder in which a significant number of children experience a developmental regression characterized by a loss of previously-acquired skills and abilities. Loss of neurological function in ASD, as observed in affected children who have regressed, can be explained as neurodegeneration. Although there is research evidence of neurodegeneration or progressive encephalopathy in ASD, the issue of neurodegeneration in ASD is still under debate. Evidence of neurodegeneration in the brain in ASD includes: (1) neuronal cell loss, (2) activated microglia and astrocytes, (3) proinflammatory cytokines, (4) oxidative stress, and (5) elevated 8-oxo-guanosine levels. The evidence from this review suggests that neurodegeneration underlies the loss of neurological function in children with ASD who have experienced regression and loss of previously acquired skills and abilities, and that research into treatments to address the issue of neurodegeneration in ASD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Kern
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Incorporation, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David A Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Incorporation, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Mark R Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Incorporation, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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