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Gregorova K, Plachy L, Dusatkova P, Maratova K, Neuman V, Kolouskova S, Snajderova M, Obermannova B, Drnkova L, Soucek O, Lebl J, Sumnik Z, Pruhova S. Genetic testing of children with familial tall stature: is it worth doing? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae067. [PMID: 38307035 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Familial tall stature (FTS) is considered to be a benign variant of growth with a presumed polygenic etiology. However, monogenic disorders with possible associated pathological features could also be hidden under the FTS phenotype. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the genetic etiology in families with FTS and to describe their phenotype in detail. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PATIENTS Children with FTS (height in both the child and his/her taller parent >2 SD) referred to the Endocrinology center of Motol University Hospital were enrolled to the study. Their DNA was examined cytogenetically and via next-generation sequencing panel of 786 genes associated with growth. The genetic results were evaluated by the American College of Molecular Genetics and Genomics guidelines. All of the participants underwent standard endocrinological examination followed by specialized anthropometric evaluation. RESULTS In total, 34 children (19 girls) with FTS were enrolled in the study. Their median height and their taller parent's height were 3.1 SD and 2.5 SD, respectively. The genetic cause of FTS was elucidated in 11/34 (32.4%) children (47, XXX and 47, XYY karyotypes, SHOX duplication, and causative variants in NSD1 [in 2], SUZ12 [in 2], FGFR3, CHD8, GPC3, and PPP2R5D genes). Ten children had absent syndromic sings and 24 had dysmorphic features. CONCLUSION Monogenic (and cytogenetic) etiology of FTS can be found among children with FTS. Genetic examination should be considered in all children with FTS regardless of the presence of dysmorphic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Gregorova
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Plachy
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dusatkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Maratova
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Neuman
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Kolouskova
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Snajderova
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Obermannova
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Drnkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soucek
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
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Weiss B, Eberle B, Roeth R, de Bruin C, Lui JC, Paramasivam N, Hinderhofer K, van Duyvenvoorde HA, Baron J, Wit JM, Rappold GA. Evidence That Non-Syndromic Familial Tall Stature Has an Oligogenic Origin Including Ciliary Genes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660731. [PMID: 34194391 PMCID: PMC8237855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human growth is a complex trait. A considerable number of gene defects have been shown to cause short stature, but there are only few examples of genetic causes of non-syndromic tall stature. Besides rare variants with large effects and common risk alleles with small effect size, oligogenic effects may contribute to this phenotype. Exome sequencing was carried out in a tall male (height 3.5 SDS) and his parents. Filtered damaging variants with high CADD scores were validated by Sanger sequencing in the trio and three other affected and one unaffected family members. Network analysis was carried out to assess links between the candidate genes, and the transcriptome of murine growth plate was analyzed by microarray as well as RNA Seq. Heterozygous gene variants in CEP104, CROCC, NEK1, TOM1L2, and TSTD2 predicted as damaging were found to be shared between the four tall family members. Three of the five genes (CEP104, CROCC, and NEK1) belong to the ciliary gene family. All genes are expressed in mouse growth plate. Pathway and network analyses indicated close functional connections. Together, these data expand the spectrum of genes with a role in linear growth and tall stature phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Weiss
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Eberle
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Roeth
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Julian C. Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Diagnostics Program at the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hinderhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jan M. Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gudrun A. Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gudrun A. Rappold,
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