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Hou T, Su W, Duncan MJ, Olga VA, Guo Z, Gong MC. Time-restricted feeding protects the blood pressure circadian rhythm in diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015873118. [PMID: 34161259 PMCID: PMC8237651 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015873118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantity and quality of food intake have been considered crucial for peoples' wellness. Only recently has it become appreciated that the timing of food intake is also critical. Nondipping blood pressure (BP) is prevalent in diabetic patients and is associated with increased cardiovascular events. However, the causes and mechanisms of nondipping BP in diabetes are not fully understood. Here, we report that food intake and BP were arrhythmic in diabetic db/db mice fed a normal chow diet ad libitum. Imposing a food intake diurnal rhythm by time-restricted feeding (TRF; food was only available for 8 h during the active phase) prevented db/db mice from developing nondipping BP and effectively restored the already disrupted BP circadian rhythm in db/db mice. Interestingly, increasing the time of food availability from 8 h to 12 h during the active dark phase in db/db mice prompted isocaloric feeding and still provided robust protection of the BP circadian rhythm in db/db mice. In contrast, neither 8-h nor 12-h TRF affected BP dipping in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that TRF protects the BP circadian rhythm in db/db mice via suppressing the sympathetic activity during the light phase when they are inactive and fasting. Collectively, these data reveal a potentially pivotal role of the timing of food intake in the prevention and treatment of nondipping BP in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Hou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Marilyn J Duncan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | | | - Zhenheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536;
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502
| | - Ming C Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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Irvin MR, Booth JN, Sims M, Bress AP, Abdalla M, Shimbo D, Calhoun DA, Muntner P. The association of nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure with treatment-resistant hypertension: The Jackson Heart Study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:438-446. [PMID: 29436105 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH), nocturnal hypertension, and nondipping blood pressure (BP) have shared risk factors. The authors studied the association between aTRH and nocturnal hypertension and aTRH and nondipping BP among 524 black Jackson Heart Study participants treated for hypertension. Nocturnal hypertension was defined by mean nighttime systolic BP ≥120 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥70 mm Hg. Nondipping BP was defined by mean nighttime to daytime systolic BP ratio >0.90. aTRH was defined by mean clinic systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg with three medication classes or treatment with four or more classes. The risk for developing aTRH associated with nondipping BP and nocturnal hypertension was estimated. After multivariable adjustment, participants with aTRH were more likely to have nocturnal hypertension (prevalence ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.39) and nondipping (prevalence ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.43). Over a median 7.3 years of follow-up, nocturnal hypertension and nondipping BP at baseline were not associated with developing aTRH after adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John N Booth
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Adam P Bress
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Calhoun
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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