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Dellino M, Pinto G, D’Amato A, Barbara F, Di Gennaro F, Saracino A, Laganà AS, Vimercati A, Malvasi A, Malvasi VM, Cicinelli E, Vitagliano A, Cascardi E, Pinto V. Analogies between HPV Behavior in Oral and Vaginal Cavity: Narrative Review on the Current Evidence in the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1429. [PMID: 38592283 PMCID: PMC10932293 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human genital papilloma virus infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the world. It is estimated that more than 75% of sexually active women contract this infection in their lifetime. In 80% of young women, there is the clearance of the virus within 18-24 months. In developed countries, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is now the most frequent human papilloma virus (HPV)-related cancer, having surpassed cervical cancer, and it is predicted that by 2030 most squamous cell carcinomas will be the HPV-related rather than non-HPV-related form. However, there are currently no screening programs for oral cavity infection. While the natural history of HPV infection in the cervix is well known, in the oropharynx, it is not entirely clear. Furthermore, the prevalence of HPV in the oropharynx is unknown. Published studies have found wide-ranging prevalence estimates of 2.6% to 50%. There are also conflicting results regarding the percentage of women presenting the same type of HPV at two mucosal sites, ranging from 0 to 60%. Additionally, the question arises as to whether oral infection can develop from genital HPV infection, through oral and genital contact or by self-inoculation, or whether it should be considered an independent event. However, there is still no consensus on these topics, nor on the relationship between genital and oral HPV infections. Therefore, this literature review aims to evaluate whether there is evidence of a connection between oral and cervical HPV, while also endorsing the usefulness of the screening of oral infection in patients with high-risk cervical HPV as a means of facilitating the diagnosis and early management of HPV-related oral lesions. Finally, this review emphasizes the recommendation for the use of the HPV vaccines in primary prevention in the male and female population as the most effective means of successfully counteracting the increasing incidence of OSCC to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dellino
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Grazia Pinto
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio D’Amato
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Francesco Barbara
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Ophtalmology and Otolaryngology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Di Gennaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Paolo Giaccone” Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonella Vimercati
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Antonio Malvasi
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | | | - Ettore Cicinelli
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Pinto
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
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Kilinc F, Gessler F, Kessel J, Dubinski D, Won SY, Tanneberger A, Ghanaati S, Prinz V, Czabanka M, Setzer M, Freiman T, Behmanesh B. From the Oral Cavity to the Spine: Prevalence of Oral Cavity Infections in Patients with Pyogenic Spinal Infection. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1040. [PMID: 38398352 PMCID: PMC10889745 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background incidence of pyogenic spinal infections has increased in recent years. In addition to treating the spinal infection, optimal care also includes identifying the source of the pyogenic spinal infection and the presence of other infections. The aim of this study is to elucidate the prevalence of oral cavity infection (OCI) within this patient cohort. Methods As part of a prospective study conducted from 2016 to 2021, the number of patients with dental infections was investigated by means of an orthopantomogram (OPG) and subsequent dental examination. Results The presence of an oral infection was investigated in 55 (47%) of 118 patients by an OPG, 29 (53%) of whom had a corresponding abnormality of the oral cavity. In addition to the spinal infection, patients with an oral cavity infection revealed an increased incidence of endocarditis, sepsis and brain abscess. A spinal epidural abscess, a multilevel affection of the infection, and an elevated CRP value were also found in patients with a co-existing oral cavity infection. Back pain assessed at admission and 3 months after surgery was also more pronounced in patients with an oral cavity infection. Neurological deficits were often present in patients with spinal and oral cavity infection. Conclusions The presence of an oral cavity infection has proven to be one of the important factors in the detection of the source of the pyogenic spinal infection. In addition, a pronounced spinal affection and frequent co-infections were seen in patients with an oral cavity infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kilinc
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; (F.K.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Florian Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.G.); (D.D.); (S.-Y.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Johanna Kessel
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Goethe University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Daniel Dubinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.G.); (D.D.); (S.-Y.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Sae-Yeon Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.G.); (D.D.); (S.-Y.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Anna Tanneberger
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (A.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (A.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Vincent Prinz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; (F.K.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; (F.K.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Setzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; (F.K.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Thomas Freiman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.G.); (D.D.); (S.-Y.W.); (T.F.)
| | - Bedjan Behmanesh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; (F.K.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.G.); (D.D.); (S.-Y.W.); (T.F.)
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