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Saravanan L, Anand P, Fu YP, Ma YR, Yeh WC. Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Performance of Tungsten Diphosphide on Carbon Fiber through Ruthenium Modification. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38419190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen-based energy systems hold promise for sustainable development and carbon neutrality, minimizing environmental impact with electrolysis as the preferred fossil-fuel-free hydrogen generation method. Effective electrocatalysts are required to reduce energy consumption and improve kinetics, given the need for additional voltage (overpotential, η) despite the theoretical water splitting potential of 1.23 V. To date, platinum has been acknowledged as the most effective but expensive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst. Hence, we introduce a cost-effective (∼2-fold cheaper) ruthenium-modified tungsten diphosphide (Ru/WP2) catalyst on carbon fiber for HER in ∼0.5 M H2SO4, with η ≈ 34 mV at -10 mA cm-2 which can be comparable (only ∼2-fold higher) to benchmark Pt/C (η ≈ 17 mV). The HER performance of WP2 can be enhanced through the modification of ruthenium, as indicated by the electrochemical characterizations. Considering the Tafel value of ∼40 ± 0.2 mV dec-1, it can be inferred that Ru/WP2 follows the Volmer-Heyrovsky reaction pathway for hydrogen generation. Furthermore, the Faradaic efficiency estimation indicates that Ru/WP2 demonstrates a minimal loss of electrons during the electrochemical reaction with an estimated value of ∼98.7 ± 1.4%. Therefore, this study could emphasize the potential of the Ru/WP2 electrode in advancing sustainable hydrogen production through water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Saravanan
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Pandiyarajan Anand
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Pei Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ron Ma
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chi Yeh
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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Lin CF, Noked M, Kozen AC, Liu C, Zhao O, Gregorczyk K, Hu L, Lee SB, Rubloff GW. Solid Electrolyte Lithium Phosphous Oxynitride as a Protective Nanocladding Layer for 3D High-Capacity Conversion Electrodes. ACS Nano 2016; 10:2693-2701. [PMID: 26820038 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Materials that undergo conversion reactions to form different materials upon lithiation typically offer high specific capacity for energy storage applications such as Li ion batteries. However, since the reaction products often involve complex mixtures of electrically insulating and conducting particles and significant changes in volume and phase, the reversibility of conversion reactions is poor, preventing their use in rechargeable (secondary) batteries. In this paper, we fabricate and protect 3D conversion electrodes by first coating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with a model conversion material, RuO2, and subsequently protecting them with conformal thin-film lithium phosphous oxynitride (LiPON), a well-known solid-state electrolyte. Atomic layer deposition is used to deposit the RuO2 and the LiPON, thus forming core double-shell MWCNT@RuO2@LiPON electrodes as a model system. We find that the LiPON protection layer enhances cyclability of the conversion electrode, which we attribute to two factors. (1) The LiPON layer provides high Li ion conductivity at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode. (2) By constraining the electrode materials mechanically, the LiPON protection layer ensures electronic connectivity and thus conductivity during lithiation/delithiation cycles. These two mechanisms are striking in their ability to preserve capacity despite the profound changes in structure and composition intrinsic to conversion electrode materials. This LiPON-protected structure exhibits superior cycling stability and reversibility as well as decreased overpotentials compared to the unprotected core-shell structure. Furthermore, even at very low lithiation potential (0.05 V), the LiPON-protected electrode largely reduces the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Fu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Institute for Systems Research, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Malachi Noked
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Institute for Systems Research, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alexander C Kozen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Institute for Systems Research, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chanyuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Institute for Systems Research, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Oliver Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Institute for Systems Research, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Keith Gregorczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Institute for Systems Research, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Institute for Systems Research, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Institute for Systems Research, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gary W Rubloff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Institute for Systems Research, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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