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Henske J, Saleh NW, Chouvenc T, Ramírez SR, Eltz T. Function of environment-derived male perfumes in orchid bees. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2075-2080.e3. [PMID: 37054713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfume making in male orchid bees is a unique behavior that has given rise to an entire pollination syndrome in the neotropics.1,2 Male orchid bees concoct and store species-specific perfume mixtures in specialized hind-leg pockets3 using volatiles acquired from multiple environmental sources, including orchid flowers.4,5 However, the function and the ultimate causes of this behavior have remained elusive.2,6 Although previous observations suggested that male perfumes serve as chemical signals, the attractiveness for females has not be shown.7,8 Here, we demonstrate that the possession of perfume increases male mating success and paternity in Euglossa dilemma, a species of orchid bees recently naturalized in Florida. We supplemented males reared from trap-nests with perfume loads harvested from wild conspecifics. In dual-choice experiments, males supplemented with perfumes mated with more females, and sired more offspring, than untreated, equal-aged, control males. Although perfume supplementation had little effect on the intensity of male courtship display, it changed the dynamics of male-male interactions. Our results demonstrate that male-acquired perfumes are sexual signals that stimulate females for mating and suggest that sexual selection is key in shaping the evolution of perfume communication in orchid bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Henske
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, NRW 44801, Germany.
| | - Nicholas W Saleh
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA
| | - Thomas Chouvenc
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA
| | - Santiago R Ramírez
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas Eltz
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, NRW 44801, Germany
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2
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Qiao R, Lou X, Sun Y, Liu Y. Effects of occupant behaviors on perceived dormitory air quality and sick building syndrome symptoms among female college students. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e13153. [PMID: 36437662 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We performed a cross-sectional survey of 2143 female students in a university in Tianjin, China regarding perceived air quality (PAQ) and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in the student dormitory. The prevalence of general, mucosal, and skin symptoms was 22.1%, 21.9%, and 26.3%, respectively. The three most prevalent PAQ complaints were "dry air" (48.9% often), "stuffy odor" (18.2%), and "other unpleasant odors" (5.1%), and they were significant risk factors for 11-12 out of 12 SBS symptoms (adjusted odds ratios [AOR]: 1.6-5.8). Survey data of 1471 undergraduates, whose dorms were of uniform layout and furnishing, were used to further investigate the influences of occupancy level and occupant behaviors on PAQ and SBS symptoms. Frequent use of air freshener/perfume was a significant risk factor for "dry air," less frequent room cleaning and higher occupancy density were significant risk factors for "stuffy odor," and less natural ventilation was a significant risk factor for both "stuffy odor" and "pungent odor." These factors were also significantly associated with some SBS symptoms. In particular, the use of air freshener/perfume exhibited a significant dose-response pattern with "fatigue" (sometimes: AOR 1.3; often: AOR 2.0) and with "irritated, stuffy, or runny nose" (sometimes: AOR 1.6; often: AOR 2.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Qiao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyuan Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhong LS, Huang BQ, Tang WT, Zhuo ZQ. Bullous impetigo-like irritant contact dermatitis caused by perfume. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:320-321. [PMID: 35014095 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis usually presents as erythematous macules, papules, and vesicles. Sometimes, unusual clinical presentations of contact dermatitis are reported, including pustular, lymphomatoid, lichenoid, and pigmented variants. We describe the first patient with bullous irritant contact dermatitis caused by perfume, mimicking impetigo lesions. We report this case to raise awareness concerning the possibility of serious cutaneous reactions, such as bullous impetigo-like irritant contact dermatitis due to perfumes which are ubiquitous, especially after direct contact with the solution. Perfume ingredients, such as fragrance, solvents, and preservatives all may cause or contribute to irritant contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Sheng Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing-Qing Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Tao Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen, China
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4
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Chróst N, Mościcka P, Pliszka K, Piskorz WM, Terlikowski R, Jamiołkowski J, Przylipiak A. Perception of smell of a perfume applied to the women skin in course of menstrual cycle. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3684-3688. [PMID: 34596939 PMCID: PMC9293084 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perfumes are the cosmetics applied to the skin. Body odor has been shown to be attractive in the fertile days in non-user of contraception. However, contraception pill intake destroy cyclic attractiveness of odors. AIM The aim was to test attractiveness and intensiveness of perfume applied to the female skin in course of menstrual cycle. MATERIAL AND METHODS Diluted vanilla extract was applied on forearm of 18 women (9 women users of contraception and 9 non-users of contraception). Thirty minutes occlusion samples were collected and judged for its attractiveness and intensity by 25 men. Samples were collected at 1st, 8th, 14th, and 22nd day of cyclus. RESULTS Attractiveness of smell of perfume in women, which use contraceptive was statistically significantly higher than in non-user. Furthermore, attractiveness of smell at 15th day of menstrual cycle was second best when perfume was applied in women, which use contraceptive. CONCLUSIONS Perfume on the skin of women, which apply contraceptive, smell better than on non-contraceptive-user skin. Moreover, women body odor together with perfume is highly attractive in contraceptive-user in the middle of the cyclus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chróst
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patrycja Mościcka
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Klaudia Pliszka
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Monika Piskorz
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Terlikowski
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Jamiołkowski
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przylipiak
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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5
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Almeida RN, Hartz JGM, Costa PF, Rodrigues AE, Vargas RMF, Cassel E. Permeability coefficients and vapour pressure determination for fragrance materials. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:225-234. [PMID: 33452685 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to correlate new experimental data relevant to the description of the combined evaporation/permeation process of a perfume applied onto the skin. METHODS The vapour pressure data were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA). The Antoine constants and the Clarke and Glew parameters were determined for the same set of fragrance molecules to describe its low vapour pressures at new temperature ranges. The permeability coefficient of a set of 14 fragrance molecules in ethanolic solution was determined by Franz diffusion cell experiments, using porcine skin. The samples were analysed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV visible detector (HPLC/UV). A QSAR model was proposed to correlate the experimental data. RESULTS The Antoine constants were determined and presented low standard deviations. The Clarke and Glew physically significant parameters were obtained along with its statistical analysis. The fitting is good since the magnitude order is in accordance with the literature, associated with the low correlation between the estimated parameters and low standard deviations. The presented correlation, based on a mixture using only ethanol as solvent, showed better results than previous QSAR models with a standard relative deviation ( σ r ) of 0.190, a standard error (SE) of 0.397 and a determination coefficient (R2 ) of 0.7786. CONCLUSION The dataset is still small compared to larger and more general QSAR models; however, it is much more specific as to the type of solvent and class of materials studied. This work represents an advance for the modelling of the perfume diffusion process since it specifies important properties that until then had been treated in a more general way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael N Almeida
- Unit Operations Lab, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João G M Hartz
- Unit Operations Lab, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alírio E Rodrigues
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rubem M F Vargas
- Unit Operations Lab, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cassel
- Unit Operations Lab, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ziarani GM, Mohajer F, Jamali SM, Ebrahim NA. Quantitative and Qualitative Bibliometric Scope Toward the Synthesis of Rose Oxide as a Natural Product in Perfumery. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:610-624. [PMID: 32703138 DOI: 10.2174/1872208314666200722161044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rose Oxide is a monoterpene along with cyclic ether used in fragrance to produce rosy notes, in general, there are 4 stereoisomeric structures of the Rose Oxide, which the cis-configured Rose Oxide has a very unique and strong note in perfumery. In this review, several approaches were reported on account of the Rose Oxide applied in perfumery from 1864 to 2019 via quantitative and qualitative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedh Mahboobeh Jamali
- School of Educational Studies (PPIP), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia,Eshragh Institute, Ministry of Education district 7, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Ale Ebrahim
- Research and Technology Department, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran,Center for Research Services, Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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7
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Liu S, Zhu Y. [Determination of 27 fragrances in cosmetics and perfume raw materials by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2019; 37:1026-33. [PMID: 31642309 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2019.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A chromatographic separation method for 27 fragrances in cosmetics and perfume raw materials was developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A weak polar capillary column and electron impact ion source were used in the GC-MS analysis, with methanol as the extraction solvent. The limits of detection were 1.2, 15, and 15 mg/kg for musk xylene, hydroxycitronellal, and hydroxyisohexyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, respectively, and 3.0 mg/kg for the other 24 fragrances. The calibration line of the 27 fragrances presented a good relationship with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.996. At three spiked concentration levels, the relative standard deviations were <10% and the spiked recoveries were in the ranges of 73.3%-76.1% for musk xylene and 81.5%-118% for the other fragrances. Based on these determinations, one or more fragrance ingredients were detected in 69 perfume raw materials and cosmetics, the labels of which indicated that they contained fragrances. This method can be used to determine 27 fragrances in cosmetic and perfume raw materials.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Gaby
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Food Science, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Pamela Dalton
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Naziz PS, Das R, Sen S. The Scent of Stress: Evidence From the Unique Fragrance of Agarwood. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:840. [PMID: 31379890 PMCID: PMC6646531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) fragrance and its origin in stress make it probably the most suitable model to study stress-induced aroma. Production being confined only to certain small pockets of South and Southeast Asia, agarwood is arguably the costliest wood in the world. Formation of fragrant agarwood resin is the outcome of complex biotic, abiotic, and physical stress on the Aquilaria trees. The intricate mechanism by which some 150 odd fragrant molecules that constitute agarwood aroma is formed is still not clearly understood. The present review therefore aims to bring to focus this less known but highly valuable stress-induced aroma from Asia. Discussions on agarwood species, occurrence, distribution, formation, and products have been included as foundation. Although global trade in agarwood and its products is estimated at US$6 billion to US$8 billion, no reliable data are readily available in literature. Therefore, an effort has been made to review the current status of agarwood trade. The element of stress and its correlation to agarwood aroma is discussed in the subsequent sections. Natural agarwood formation as well as technologies and interventions in agarwood induction are stress-based (natural and artificial injury, insect and fungal attack, chemical induction). The molecular triggers are gradually coming to light as new studies are implicating jasmonate, LOX signaling, and other stress reaction routes as the source of agarwood aroma. This review therefore has strived to compile the information that is scattered across scientific as well as other authentic literature and update the reader on the current status. More information about the specific roles of other vital stressors like insects, abiotic, and genetic factors is eagerly awaited from ongoing and future research to further understand the unique fragrance of agarwood.
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Hafner MDFS, Munhoz SDG, Jeldes AG, Lazzarini R. Positive results of patch tests with fragrance markers: analysis of a 15-year period at a Brazilian dermatology center. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 93:910-912. [PMID: 30484545 PMCID: PMC6256219 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragrances may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Data on patients who were patch tested, between 2000 and 2015, with fragrance allergens included in the Brazilian baseline series (balsam of Peru, colophony and fragrance mix I), were collected and analyzed. Of these patients, 258 (13.8%) were positive for fragrance markers, 9.8% being positive for fragrance mix I. Among these 258 there was a predominance of women in their 40s, with hand eczema. The frequency of sensitization to fragrances, as well as the epidemiological profile, was supported by the literature. Fragrance mix I was the main marker. It is important to expand the fragrance markers used in the Brazilian baseline series of patch tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariel Garcia Jeldes
- Medical student, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa
Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Rosana Lazzarini
- Dermatology Clinic, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo
(SP), Brazil
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11
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Chappuis CJ, Huber R, Niclass Y, Starkenmann C. Simulating latrine conditions to assess perfume performance against malodour. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2018; 33:313-321. [PMID: 30034087 PMCID: PMC6049876 DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate perfume performance in toilets, we built model toilets in which critical factors such as background malodour, climate, and airflow were controlled. The models were equipped with an odour generator that injected hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, butyric acid, para-cresol, and indole, allowing us to accurately and reliably reconstitute toilet malodour headspace. The malodorant concentrations matched the quantitative headspace analysis performed in African and Indian toilets. The toilet malodour headspace performance was validated by chemical and sensory analysis. Olfactory stimuli were presented to participants in different simulated climates to assess the effect of climate on the perception of odours. The sensory data show that increasing temperature and humidity decreased the intensity ratings of odours without altering their quality. Perfume can be delivered in these toilets by forced evaporation to control the headspace concentration, or by delivery systems such as cellulosic pads, liquids, and powders. Our experimental set-up allowed us to establish dose-response curves to assess the performance of a perfume in reducing toilet malodour and increasing perceived pleasantness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Huber
- Corporate R&D DivisionFirmenich SAGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Yvan Niclass
- Corporate R&D DivisionFirmenich SAGenevaSwitzerland
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Abstract
How does a person's smell affect others' impressions of them? Most body odor research asks perceivers to make social judgments based on armpit sweat without perfume or deodorant, presented on t-shirts. Yet, in real life, perceivers encounter fragranced body odor, on whole bodies. Our "raters" wore blindfolds and earplugs and repeatedly smelled same-sex "donors" in live interactions. In one condition, donors wore their normal deodorant and perfume ("diplomatic" odor) while in the other condition, donors were asked to avoid all outside fragrance influences ("natural" odor). We assessed the reliability of social judgments based on such live interactions, and the relationships between live judgments and traditional t-shirt based judgments, and between natural- and diplomatic odor-based judgments. Raters' repeated live social judgments (e.g., friendliness, likeability) were highly consistent for both diplomatic and natural odor, and converged with judgments based on t-shirts. However, social judgments based on natural odor did not consistently predict social judgments based on diplomatic odor, suggesting that natural and diplomatic body odor may convey different types of social information. Our results provide evidence that individuals can perceive reliable, meaningful social olfactory signals from whole bodies, at social distances, regardless of the presence or absence of perfume. Importantly, however, the social value of these signals is modified by the addition of exogenous fragrances. Further, our focus on judgments in same-sex dyads suggests that these olfactory cues hold social value in non-mating contexts. We suggest that future research employ more ecologically relevant methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Gaby
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, 202 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY14853, USA and.,Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Vivian Zayas
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, 202 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY14853, USA and
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fragrance chemicals are used in a large array of products. Workers may be exposed to these chemicals in the workplace directly when used as air fresheners, or indirectly in personal care products used by coworkers or others. This study characterizes work-related asthma (WRA) cases associated with fragrance exposures in California workplaces from 1993 through 2012. METHODS We used the California Work-Related Asthma Prevention Program's surveillance database to identify individuals with physician-diagnosed WRA associated with the use of air fresheners and scented personal care products (perfumes, colognes, etc.). Cases were classified using previously published, standardized surveillance methods. RESULTS Perfume was the ninth most common exposure identified from 1993 through 2012. A total of 270 WRA cases associated with fragrance exposure were reported during this period, representing 3.8% of all confirmed cases. These 270 cases included 242 associated with perfume or cologne, 32 associated with air freshener, and 4 associated with both. Similar to non-fragrance cases, nearly a quarter of fragrance-associated cases were classified as new-onset asthma. Fragrance-associated cases were significantly more likely to be in office, health, and education jobs than non-fragrance-associated cases. When compared to non-fragrance cases, fragrance cases were significantly more likely to be female (94% vs 62%) and be classified as having work-aggravated asthma (38% vs 20%), yet had similar outcomes compared with cases associated with other exposures. CONCLUSIONS Our surveillance data show that fragrance use in the workplace is associated with WRA. Prevention methods include employee education, enforced fragrance-free policies, well-designed ventilation systems, and good building maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lew Weinberg
- a Public Health Institute , Contractors to the California Department of Public Health , Richmond , CA , USA
| | | | - Robert Harrison
- b California Department of Public Health , Richmond , CA , USA
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14
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Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, Havlíček J. Body Odor Based Personality Judgments: The Effect of Fragranced Cosmetics. Front Psychol 2016; 7:530. [PMID: 27148138 PMCID: PMC4834355 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People can accurately assess various personality traits of others based on body odor (BO) alone. Previous studies have shown that correlations between odor ratings and self-assessed personality dimensions are evident for assessments of neuroticism and dominance. Here, we tested differences between assessments based on natural body odor alone, without the use of cosmetics and assessments based on the body odor of people who were allowed to use cosmetics following their daily routine. Sixty-seven observers assessed samples of odors from 113 odor donors (each odor donor provided two samples - one with and one without cosmetic use); the donors provided their personality ratings, and the raters judged personality characteristics of the donors based on the provided odor samples. Correlations between observers' ratings and self-rated neuroticism were stronger when raters assessed body odor in the natural body odor condition (natural BO condition; r s = 0.20) than in the cosmetics use condition (BO+cosmetics condition; r s = 0.15). Ratings of dominance significantly predicted self-assessed dominance in both conditions (r s = 0.34 for natural BO and r s = 0.21 for BO+cosmetics), whereas ratings of extraversion did not predict self-assessed extraversion in either condition. In addition, ratings of body odor attractiveness and pleasantness were significantly lower in natural BO condition than in BO+cosmetics condition, although the intensity of donors' body odors was similar under both conditions. Our findings suggest that although olfaction seems to contribute to accurate first impression judgments of certain personality traits, cosmetic use can affect assessments of others based on body odor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sorokowska
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU DresdenDresden, Germany; Institute of Psychology, University of WroclawWroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Jan Havlíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPrague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental HealthKlecany, Czech Republic
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15
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Alm T. Scented grasses in Norway--identity and uses. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2015; 11:83. [PMID: 26701261 PMCID: PMC4690224 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-015-0070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some grass species are richer in coumarin and thus more sweetly scented than others. These have been eagerly sought after in parts of Norway, but the tradition has been weakly documented, both in terms of the species collected, their vernacular names, and uses. METHODS Based on literature data and a substantial body of information collected during my own ethnobotanical field work, artefacts and voucher specimens, the grass species are identified, and their uses clarified. RESULTS In Norwegian literature, the tradition of collecting and using scented grasses has received little attention, and past authors largely refer it to Anthoxanthum spp. The tradition's concentration to the Sámi strongholds of northernmost Norway, and most authors' lacking knowledge of the Sámi language, have contributed to the weak and misleading coverage in previous publications. Coumarin-rich grass species are well known in folk tradition in northernmost Norway, as luktegress (Norwegian, "scent grass"), háissasuoidni (North Sámi, "scent grass"), hajuheinä (Finnish, "scent grass"), or similar terms. They have been (and still are) frequently collected, and used as perfume, for storing with clothes, and a number of other purposes. Despite literature records identifying the species used as Anthoxanthum odoratum coll. (including A. nipponicum), the main source utilized in North Norway is Hierochloë odorata, both ssp. arctica and ssp. odorata. Anthoxanthum nipponicum and Milium effusum are alternative, but infrequently used sources of material, depending on local tradition and availability. CONCLUSION By far the most important grass species hiding behind the "scented grass" tradition in Norway is Hierochloë odorata. Anthoxanthum nipponicum is also used, but much less frequently, and only a single record confirms the use of Milium effusum. Only the foliage of Hierochloë provides suitable material for making traditional braids. The three major ethnic groups in Norway have all utilized scented grasses as perfume and for storing with clothes, but the tradition's geographical concentration to the far north of Norway (Finnmark and NE Troms), suggests that it has originally mainly been a Sámi tradition, adopted by their neighbours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjørn Alm
- Tromsø museum, University of Tromsø, PO Box 6050, Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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Heisterberg MV, Menné T, Johansen JD. Fragrance allergy and quality of life - development and validation of a disease-specific quality of life instrument. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 70:69-80. [PMID: 24617897 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragrance allergy is a lifelong condition that may give rise to permanent or recurrent contact dermatitis and may affect quality of life (QoL). The effect on QoL has not yet been investigated, and no disease-specific QoL instrument for fragrance allergy exists. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a disease-specific instrument to investigate QoL among fragrance-allergic subjects. METHOD A fragrance QoL instrument (FQL index) was developed on the basis of narratives from 68 fragrance-allergic subjects, and consisted of 13 items. It was tested in a postal survey among 1650 participants patch tested at Gentofte University Hospital (2000-2010). The survey included other QoL instruments [Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Short Form 36 (SF36) version 2] and questions on eczema severity (response rate of 66%). A retest was conducted after 3-6 months (response rate of 72.5%). RESULTS The FQL index showed a significant and strong correlation with the DLQI (rS = 0.70), and disease severity, but a weak correlation with SF36 [mental component summary score, rS = - 0.22; physical component summary score, rS = - 0.31]. Good reliability and responsiveness to changes in disease severity were seen. CONCLUSION The FQL index is a good instrument with which to investigate QoL in subjects with fragrance allergy. Good correlations with the DLQI and self-estimated disease severity were seen, and it showed good reliability, reproducibility and ability to distinguish changes in disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Heisterberg
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens Vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
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