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Tomoschuk B, Ferreira VS, Gollan TH. Translation Distractors Facilitate Production in Single- and Mixed-Language Picture Naming. Lang Cogn Neurosci 2020; 36:854-866. [PMID: 35706503 PMCID: PMC9197084 DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2020.1852291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the picture-word interference (PWI) task, semantically related distractors slow production, while translation-equivalent distractors speed it, possibly implying a language-specific bilingual production system (Costa, Miozzo & Caramazza, 1999). However, in most previous PWI studies bilinguals responded in just one language, an artificial task restriction. We investigated translation facilitation effects in PWI with language switching. Spanish-English bilinguals named pictures in single- or mixed-language-response blocks, with distractors in the target language (Experiment 1), or in the non-target language (Experiment 2). Both experiments replicated previously reported translation facilitation effects in both single-language and mixed-language-response blocks. However, language dominance was reversed in mixed-language response blocks, implying inhibition of the dominant language and competition between languages. These results may be explained by a language non-specific selection model in which bilinguals do not restrict selection to one language, with translation facilitation being caused by facilitation at the semantic level offsetting competition at the lexical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Tomoschuk
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0109
| | - Victor S Ferreira
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0109
| | - Tamar H Gollan
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0109
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Emmorey K, Mott M, Meade G, Holcomb PJ, Midgley KJ. Lexical selection in bimodal bilinguals: ERP evidence from picture-word interference. Lang Cogn Neurosci 2020; 36:840-853. [PMID: 34485589 PMCID: PMC8411899 DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2020.1821905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The picture word interference (PWI) paradigm and ERPs were used to investigate whether lexical selection in deaf and hearing ASL-English bilinguals occurs via lexical competition or whether the response exclusion hypothesis (REH) for PWI effects is supported. The REH predicts that semantic interference should not occur for bimodal bilinguals because sign and word responses do not compete within an output buffer. Bimodal bilinguals named pictures in ASL, preceded by either a translation equivalent, semantically-related, or unrelated English written word. In both the translation and semantically-related conditions bimodal bilinguals showed facilitation effects: reduced RTs and N400 amplitudes for related compared to unrelated prime conditions. We also observed an unexpected focal left anterior positivity that was stronger in the translation condition, which we speculate may be due to articulatory priming. Overall, the results support the REH and models of bilingual language production that assume lexical selection occurs without competition between languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Emmorey
- Corresponding author: Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, 6495 Alvarado Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120,
| | - Megan Mott
- Psychology Department, San Diego State University
| | - Gabriela Meade
- Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego
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Hansen SJ, McMahon KL, de Zubicaray GI. The neurobiology of taboo language processing: fMRI evidence during spoken word production. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:271-279. [PMID: 30715549 PMCID: PMC6399611 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Every language has words deemed to be socially inappropriate or ‘taboo’ to utter. Taboo word production appears prominently in language disorders following brain injury. Yet, we know little about the cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in processing taboo compared to neutral language. In the present study, we introduced taboo distractor words in the picture word interference paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how these words influence spoken word production. Taboo distractor words significantly slowed picture-naming latencies compared to neutral words. This interference effect was associated with increased blood oxygen level dependent signal across a distributed thalamo-cortical network including bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus, left posterior middle temporal gyrus and right thalamus. We interpret our findings as being consistent with an account integrating both domain-general attention-capture/distractor blocking and language-specific mechanisms in processing taboo words during spoken word production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Hansen
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Herston Imaging Research Facility and School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Bürki A. Electrophysiological characterization of facilitation and interference in the picture-word interference paradigm. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1370-1392. [PMID: 28470728 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The picture-word interference paradigm is often used to investigate the processes underlying word production. In this paradigm, participants name pictures while ignoring distractor words. The aim of this study is to investigate the processes underlying this task and how/when they differ from those involved in simple picture naming. It examines the electrophysiological signature of general interference (longer response times with than without distractors) and facilitation (shorter response times for distractor-word stimuli overlapping in phonemes/orthography) effects. Mass univariate analyses are used to determine the temporal boundaries and spatial distribution of these effects without a priori restrictions in the time/space dimensions. Topographic pattern analyses complement this information by indicating whether (and when) the neural networks differ across conditions. Results suggest that the general interference effect has two loci, the grammatical encoding and the phonological encoding of the target word, with different neural networks involved in the two tasks during part of the grammatical encoding process. Furthermore, the electrophysiological signature of interference and facilitation effects in the time window of phonological encoding is highly similar, suggesting that the two effects could result from the same underlying mechanism. These findings are discussed in the light of existing accounts of interference and facilitation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bürki
- Methodology and Data Analysis/Psycholinguistics, Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Montefinese M, Vinson D. Can the humped animal's knee conceal its name? Commentary on: "The roles of shared vs. distinctive conceptual features in lexical access". Front Psychol 2015; 6:418. [PMID: 25914670 PMCID: PMC4392585 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Vinson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute for Multimodal Communication, University College London London, UK
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Damian MF, Spalek K. Processing different kinds of semantic relations in picture-word interference with non-masked and masked distractors. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1183. [PMID: 25368594 PMCID: PMC4202702 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spoken production requires lexical selection, guided by the conceptual representation of the to-be-named target. Currently, the question whether lexical selection is subject to competition is hotly debated. In the picture-word interference task, manipulating the visibility of written distractor words provides important insights: clearly visible categorically related distractors cause interference whereas masked distractors induce facilitation (Finkbeiner and Caramazza, 2006). Now you see it, now you don't: On turning semantic interference into facilitation in a Stoop-like task. We explored the effect of distractor masking in more depth by investigating its interplay with different types of semantic overlap. Specifically, we contrasted categorical with associatively based relatedness. For the former, we replicated the polarity reversal in semantic effects dependent on whether distractors were masked or not. Post-experimental visibility tests showed that weak semantic facilitation with masked distractors did not depend on individual variability in participants' ability to perceive the distractors. Associatively related distractors showed facilitation with non-masked presentation, but little effect when masked. Overall, the results suggest that it is primarily distractor activation strength which determines whether semantic effects are facilitatory or interfering in PWI tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus F Damian
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Katharina Spalek
- Department of German Studies and Linguistics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Hutson J, Damian MF. Semantic gradients in picture-word interference tasks: is the size of interference effects affected by the degree of semantic overlap? Front Psychol 2014; 5:872. [PMID: 25161636 PMCID: PMC4130197 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two experiments attempting to identify the role of semantic relatedness in picture-word interference studies. Previously published data sets have rendered results which directly contradict each other, with one study suggesting that the stronger the relation between picture and distractor, the more semantic interference is obtained, and another study suggesting the opposite pattern. We replicated the two key experiments with only minor procedural modifications, and found semantic interference effects in both. Critically, these were largely independent of the strength of semantic overlap. Additionally, we attempted to predict individual interference effects per target picture, via various measures of semantic overlap, which also failed to account for the effects. From our results it appears that semantic interference effects in picture-word tasks are similarly present for weakly and strongly overlapping combinations. Implications are discussed in the light of the recent debate on the role of competition in lexical selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hutson
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Markus F Damian
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
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Diaz MT, Hogstrom LJ, Zhuang J, Voyvodic JT, Johnson MA, Camblin CC. Written distractor words influence brain activity during overt picture naming. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:167. [PMID: 24715859 PMCID: PMC3970014 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Language production requires multiple stages of processing (e.g., semantic retrieval, lexical selection), each of which may involve distinct brain regions. Distractor words can be combined with picture naming to examine factors that influence language production. Phonologically-related distractors have been found to speed picture naming (facilitation), while slower response times and decreased accuracy (interference) generally occur when a distractor is categorically related to the target image. However, other types of semantically-related distractors have been reported to produce a facilitative effect (e.g., associative, part-whole). The different pattern of results for different types of semantically-related distractors raises the question about how the nature of the semantic relation influences the effect of the distractor. To explore the nature of these semantic effects further, we used functional MRI to examine the influence of four types of written distractors on brain activation during overt picture naming. Distractors began with the same sound, were categorically-related, part of the object to be named, or were unrelated to the picture. Phonologically-related trials elicited greater activation than both semantic conditions (categorically-related and part-whole) in left insula and bilateral parietal cortex, regions that have been attributed to phonological aspects of production and encoding, respectively. Semantic conditions elicited greater activation than phonological trials in left posterior MTG, a region that has been linked to concept retrieval and semantic integration. Overall, the two semantic conditions did not differ substantially in their functional activation which suggests a similarity in the semantic demands and lexical competition across these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele T Diaz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Larson J Hogstrom
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - James T Voyvodic
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Micah A Johnson
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Christine Camblin
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
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Piai V, Roelofs A, Acheson DJ, Takashima A. Attention for speaking: domain-general control from the anterior cingulate cortex in spoken word production. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:832. [PMID: 24368899 PMCID: PMC3856851 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that some degree of attentional control is required to regulate and monitor processes underlying speaking. Although progress has been made in delineating the neural substrates of the core language processes involved in speaking, substrates associated with regulatory and monitoring processes have remained relatively underspecified. We report the results of an fMRI study examining the neural substrates related to performance in three attention-demanding tasks varying in the amount of linguistic processing: vocal picture naming while ignoring distractors (picture-word interference, PWI); vocal color naming while ignoring distractors (Stroop); and manual object discrimination while ignoring spatial position (Simon task). All three tasks had congruent and incongruent stimuli, while PWI and Stroop also had neutral stimuli. Analyses focusing on common activation across tasks identified a portion of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that was active in incongruent trials for all three tasks, suggesting that this region subserves a domain-general attentional control function. In the language tasks, this area showed increased activity for incongruent relative to congruent stimuli, consistent with the involvement of domain-general mechanisms of attentional control in word production. The two language tasks also showed activity in anterior-superior temporal gyrus (STG). Activity increased for neutral PWI stimuli (picture and word did not share the same semantic category) relative to incongruent (categorically related) and congruent stimuli. This finding is consistent with the involvement of language-specific areas in word production, possibly related to retrieval of lexical-semantic information from memory. The current results thus suggest that in addition to engaging language-specific areas for core linguistic processes, speaking also engages the ACC, a region that is likely implementing domain-general attentional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Piai
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University NijmegenNijmegen, Netherlands
- International Max Planck Research School for Language SciencesNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ardi Roelofs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University NijmegenNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J. Acheson
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University NijmegenNijmegen, Netherlands
- Neurobiology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Atsuko Takashima
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University NijmegenNijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University NijmegenNijmegen, Netherlands
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