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Gill S, Goolsby BJ, Pawluk DTV. Kinesthetic Feedback for Understanding Program Execution. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23115159. [PMID: 37299886 DOI: 10.3390/s23115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To better prepare future generations, knowledge about computers and programming are one of the many skills that are part of almost all Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic programs; however, teaching and learning programming is a complex task that is generally considered difficult by students and teachers alike. One approach to engage and inspire students from a variety of backgrounds is the use of educational robots. Unfortunately, previous research presents mixed results on the effectiveness of educational robots on student learning. One possibility for this lack of clarity may be because students have a wide variety of styles of learning. It is possible that the use of kinesthetic feedback, in addition to the normally used visual feedback, may improve learning with educational robots by providing a richer, multi-modal experience that may appeal to a larger number of students with different learning styles. It is also possible, however, that the addition of kinesthetic feedback, and how it may interfere with the visual feedback, may decrease a student's ability to interpret the program commands being executed by a robot, which is critical for program debugging. In this work, we investigated whether human participants were able to accurately determine a sequence of program commands performed by a robot when both kinesthetic and visual feedback were being used together. Command recall and end point location determination were compared to the typically used visual-only method, as well as a narrative description. Results from 10 sighted participants indicated that individuals were able to accurately determine a sequence of movement commands and their magnitude when using combined kinesthetic + visual feedback. Participants' recall accuracy of program commands was actually better with kinesthetic + visual feedback than just visual feedback. Although the recall accuracy was even better with the narrative description, this was primarily due to participants confusing an absolute rotation command with a relative rotation command with the kinesthetic + visual feedback. Participants' zone location accuracy of the end point after a command was executed was significantly better for both the kinesthetic + visual feedback and narrative methods compared to the visual-only method. Together, these results suggest that the use of both kinesthetic + visual feedback improves an individual's ability to interpret program commands, rather than decreases it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Gill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Bryson J Goolsby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Dianne T V Pawluk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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Schuelke T, Crawford C, Kentor R, Eppelheimer H, Chipriano C, Springmeyer K, Shukraft A, Hill M. Current Grief Support in Pediatric Palliative Care. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:278. [PMID: 33916583 PMCID: PMC8066285 DOI: 10.3390/children8040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Grief support changes as more is learned from current grief theory and research. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of current grief support as it relates to Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC). The following aspects of grief are addressed: (1) anticipatory grief: the nondeath losses that occur with a complex and chronic illness, as well as the time leading up to death; (2) grief around the time of death: the intense and sacred experience of companioning with a dying child; (3) grief after death: supporting bereavement and mourning through programing and other methods; (4) innovative approaches: the future of grief support. The contents of this article are meant to support and educate programs currently providing grief services and those aiming to begin the meaningful work of grief support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Schuelke
- Department of Pediatric Palliative Care, Texas Children’s Hospital, 6621 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Claire Crawford
- Department of Pediatric Palliative Care, Texas Children’s Hospital, 6621 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Rachel Kentor
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Psychology Service, Texas Children’s Hospital, 6701 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Heather Eppelheimer
- Memorial Hermann Pediatric Hospice, 902 Frostwood Suite 288, Houston, TX 77024, USA;
| | | | - Kirstin Springmeyer
- Department of Pediatric Palliative Care, Texas Children’s Hospital, 6621 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Allison Shukraft
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Advanced Care Team, Atrium Health’s Levine Children’s Hospital, MEB 415-F, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA;
| | - Malinda Hill
- Justin Michael Ingerman Center for Palliative Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Weldon A, Mak JTS, Wong ST, Duncan MJ, Clarke ND, Bishop C. Strength and Conditioning Practices and Perspectives of Volleyball Coaches and Players. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:28. [PMID: 33668464 PMCID: PMC7917682 DOI: 10.3390/sports9020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To the authors' knowledge this is the first study to describe the strength and conditioning (S&C) practices and perspectives of volleyball coaches and players. In total, 30 volleyball coaches (mean age 34.47 ± 7.83 years and coaching experience 19.57 ± 8.28 years), and 30 volleyball players (mean age 22.03 ± 4.43 years and playing experience 10.43 ± 8.98 years) completed an online survey with six sections: (a) informed consent; (b) background information; (c) education, qualifications, and prescription; (d) views on S&C; (e) exercise selection and preferences; and (f) issues and improvements. Frequency analysis was used to report responses to fixed-response questions and thematic-analysis for open-ended questions. While only one participant possessed an S&C certification, S&C was deemed 'important' to 'very important' for volleyball skills, physical fitness, and injury parameters. However, due to a reported lack of expertise, there appeared to be a theoretical understanding to practice gap. Furthermore, the implementation of S&C was considerably hindered by a lack of time, facilities, and equipment. National sports associations, coaches, and players can use the information within this study to provide an understanding of the current practices and perspectives of S&C in volleyball. While also promoting future developments in volleyball related S&C research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Weldon
- Faculty of Management and Hospitality, Department of Sports and Recreation, The Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.T.S.M.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Jason T. S. Mak
- Faculty of Management and Hospitality, Department of Sports and Recreation, The Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.T.S.M.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Sing T. Wong
- Faculty of Management and Hospitality, Department of Sports and Recreation, The Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.T.S.M.); (S.T.W.)
| | - Michael J. Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (M.J.D.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Neil D. Clarke
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (M.J.D.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Chris Bishop
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London NW1 4RL, UK;
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Li G, Petkova TD, Laritsky E, Kessler N, Baker MS, Zhu S, Waterland RA. Early postnatal overnutrition accelerates aging-associated epigenetic drift in pancreatic islets. Environ Epigenet 2019; 5:dvz015. [PMID: 31528363 PMCID: PMC6735752 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetes patients have altered DNA methylation, contributing to islet dysfunction and the onset of type 2 diabetes. The cause of these epigenetic alterations is largely unknown. We set out to test whether (i) islet DNA methylation would change with aging and (ii) early postnatal overnutrition would persistently alter DNA methylation. We performed genome-scale DNA methylation profiling in islets from postnatally over-nourished (suckled in a small litter) and control male mice at both postnatal day 21 and postnatal day 180. DNA methylation differences were validated using quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing, and associations with expression were assessed by RT-PCR. We discovered that genomic regions that are hypermethylated in exocrine relative to endocrine pancreas tend to gain methylation in islets during aging (R 2 = 0.33, P < 0.0001). These methylation differences were inversely correlated with mRNA expression of genes relevant to β cell function [including Rab3b (Ras-related protein Rab-3B), Cacnb3 (voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit 3), Atp2a3 (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3) and Ins2 (insulin 2)]. Relative to control, small litter islets showed DNA methylation differences directly after weaning and in adulthood, but few of these were present at both ages. Surprisingly, we found substantial overlap of methylated loci caused by aging and small litter feeding, suggesting that the age-associated gain of DNA methylation happened much earlier in small litter islets than control islets. Our results provide the novel insights that aging-associated DNA methylation increases reflect an epigenetic drift toward the exocrine pancreas epigenome, and that early postnatal overnutrition may accelerate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tihomira D Petkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleonora Laritsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noah Kessler
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria S Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoyu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Waterland
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence address. Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates Street, Ste. 5080, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Tel: +1-713-798-0304; E-mail:
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Geraghty AA, Lindsay KL, Alberdi G, McAuliffe FM, Gibney ER. Nutrition During Pregnancy Impacts Offspring's Epigenetic Status-Evidence from Human and Animal Studies. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 8:41-7. [PMID: 26917970 PMCID: PMC4758803 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s29527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a vital time of growth and development during which maternal nutrition significantly influences the future health of both mother and baby. During pregnancy, the fetus experiences a critical period of plasticity. Epigenetics, specifically DNA methylation, plays an important role here. As nutrition is influential for DNA methylation, this review aims to determine if maternal nutrition during pregnancy can modify the offspring's epigenome at birth. Research focuses on micronutrients and methyl donors such as folate and B vitamins. Evidence suggests that maternal nutrition does not largely influence global methylation patterns, particularly in nutrient-replete populations; however, an important impact on gene-specific methylation is observed. A link is shown between maternal nutrition and the methylome of the offspring; however, there remains a paucity of research. With the potential to use DNA methylation patterns at birth to predict health of the child in later life, it is vital that further research be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling A Geraghty
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen L Lindsay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Goiuri Alberdi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Sakuyama H, Katoh M, Wakabayashi H, Zulli A, Kruzliak P, Uehara Y. Influence of gestational salt restriction in fetal growth and in development of diseases in adulthood. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:12. [PMID: 26787358 PMCID: PMC4719732 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reported the critical role of the intrauterine environment of a fetus in growth or the development of disease in adulthood. In this article we discussed the implications of salt restriction in growth of a fetus and the development of growth-related disease in adulthood. Salt restriction causes retardation of fatal growth or intrauterine death thereby leading to low birth weight or decreased birth rate. Such retardation of growth along with the upregulation of the renin angiotensin system due to salt restriction results in the underdevelopment of cardiovascular organs or decreases the number of the nephron in the kidney and is responsible for onset of hypertension in adulthood. In addition, gestational salt restriction is associated with salt craving after weaning. Moreover, salt restriction is associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity. A series of alterations in metabolism due to salt restriction are probably mediated by the upregulation of the renin angiotensin system and an epigenetic mechanism including proinflammatory substances or histone methylation. Part of the metabolic disease in adulthood may be programmed through such epigenetic changes. The modification of gene in a fetus may be switched on through environment factors or life style after birth. The benefits of salt restriction have been assumed thus far; however, more precise investigation is required of its influence on the health of fetuses and the onset of various diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Sakuyama
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, 2-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8437, Japan
| | - Minami Katoh
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, 2-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8437, Japan
| | - Honoka Wakabayashi
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, 2-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8437, Japan
| | - Anthony Zulli
- The Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention & Management (CCDPM), Western CHRE, Victoria University, St Albans, Australia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Proteomics, Central Laboratories, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Yoshio Uehara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, 2-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8437, Japan.
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Behnia F, Parets SE, Kechichian T, Yin H, Dutta EH, Saade GR, Smith AK, Menon R. Fetal DNA methylation of autism spectrum disorders candidate genes: association with spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:533.e1-9. [PMID: 25687563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with preterm birth (PTB), although the reason underlying this relationship is still unclear. Our objective was to examine DNA methylation patterns of 4 ASD candidate genes in human fetal membranes from spontaneous PTB and uncomplicated term birth. STUDY DESIGN A literature search for genes that have been implicated in ASD yielded 14 candidate genes (OXTR, SHANK3, BCL2, RORA, EN2, RELN, MECP2, AUTS2, NLGN3, NRXN1, SLC6A4, UBE3A, GABA, AFF2) that were epigenetically modified in relation to ASD. DNA methylation in fetal leukocyte DNA in 4 of these genes (OXTR, SHANK3, BCL2, and RORA) was associated with PTB in a previous study. This study evaluated DNA methylation, transcription (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), and translation patterns (immunostaining and Western blot) in fetal membrane from term labor (n = 14), term not in labor (TNIL; n = 29), and spontaneous preterm birth (PTB; n = 27). Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance; a probability value of < .05 was significant. RESULTS Higher methylation of the OXTR promoter was seen in fetal membranes from PTB, compared with term labor or TNIL. No other gene showed any methylation differences among groups. Expression of OXTR was not different among groups, but the 70 kDa OXTR protein was seen only in PTB, and immunostaining was more intense in PTB amniocytes than term labor or TNIL. CONCLUSION Among the 4 genes that were studied, fetal membranes from PTB demonstrate differences in OXTR methylation and regulation and expression, which suggest that epigenetic alteration of this gene in fetal membrane may likely be indicating an in utero programing of this gene and serve as a surrogate in a subset of PTB. The usefulness of OXTR hypermethylation as a surrogate for a link to ASD should be further evaluated in longitudinal and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fara Behnia
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Sasha E Parets
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Talar Kechichian
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Huaizhi Yin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Eryn H Dutta
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - George R Saade
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
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Fritz JM, Tennis MA, Orlicky DJ, Yin H, Ju C, Redente EF, Choo KS, Staab TA, Bouchard RJ, Merrick DT, Malkinson AM, Dwyer-Nield LD. Corrigendum: depletion of tumor-associated macrophages slows the growth of chemically induced mouse lung adenocarcinomas. Front Immunol 2015; 6:88. [PMID: 25784911 PMCID: PMC4346835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | | | - Kevin S Choo
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Taylor A Staab
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Ronald J Bouchard
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Alvin M Malkinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Lori D Dwyer-Nield
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
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Lisboa PC, de Oliveira E, Manhães AC, Santos-Silva AP, Pinheiro CR, Younes-Rapozo V, Faustino LC, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Moura EG. Effects of maternal nicotine exposure on thyroid hormone metabolism and function in adult rat progeny. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:315-25. [PMID: 25653393 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal nicotine exposure leads to obesity and hypothyroidism in adulthood. We studied the effects of maternal nicotine exposure during lactation on thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism and function in adult offspring. Lactating rats received implants of osmotic minipumps releasing nicotine (NIC, 6 mg/kg per day s.c.) or saline (control) from postnatal days 2 to 16. Offspring were killed at 180 days. We measured types 1 and 2 deiodinase activity and mRNA, mitochondrial α-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD) activity, TH receptor (TR), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), hypothalamic TRH, pituitary TSH, and in vitro TRH-stimulated TSH secretion. Expression of deiodinase mRNAs followed the same profile as that of the enzymatic activity. NIC exposure caused lower 5'-D1 and mGPD activities; lower TRβ1 content in liver as well as lower 5'-D1 activity in muscle; and higher 5'-D2 activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), heart, and testis, which are in accordance with hypothyroidism. Although deiodinase activities were not changed in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid of NIC offspring, UCP1 expression was lower in BAT. Levels of both TRH and TSH were lower in offspring exposed to NIC, which presented higher basal in vitro TSH secretion, which was not increased in response to TRH. Thus, the hypothyroidism in NIC offspring at adulthood was caused, in part, by in vivo TRH-TSH suppression and lower sensitivity to TRH. Despite the hypothyroid status of peripheral tissues, these animals seem to develop an adaptive mechanism to preserve thyroxine to triiodothyronine conversion in central tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - E de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - A C Manhães
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - A P Santos-Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - C R Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - V Younes-Rapozo
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - L C Faustino
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - T M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - E G Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine PhysiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyBiology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, BrazilCarlos Chagas Filho Biophysic InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
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Fritz JM, Tennis MA, Orlicky DJ, Lin H, Ju C, Redente EF, Choo KS, Staab TA, Bouchard RJ, Merrick DT, Malkinson AM, Dwyer-Nield LD. Depletion of tumor-associated macrophages slows the growth of chemically induced mouse lung adenocarcinomas. Front Immunol 2014; 5:587. [PMID: 25505466 PMCID: PMC4243558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for lung cancer, and low-dose aspirin intake reduces lung cancer risk. However, the roles that specific inflammatory cells and their products play in lung carcinogenesis have yet to be fully elucidated. In mice, alveolar macrophage numbers increase as lung tumors progress, and pulmonary macrophage programing changes within 2 weeks of carcinogen exposure. To examine how macrophages specifically affect lung tumor progression, they were depleted in mice bearing urethane-induced lung tumors using clodronate-encapsulated liposomes. Alveolar macrophage populations decreased to ≤50% of control levels after 4–6 weeks of liposomal clodronate treatment. Tumor burden decreased by 50% compared to vehicle treated mice, and tumor cell proliferation, as measured by Ki67 staining, was also attenuated. Pulmonary fluid levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, CXCL1, IL-6, and CCL2 diminished with clodronate liposome treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages expressed markers of both M1 and M2 programing in vehicle and clodronate liposome-treated mice. Mice lacking CCR2 (the receptor for macrophage chemotactic factor CCL2) had comparable numbers of alveolar macrophages and showed no difference in tumor growth rates when compared to similarly treated wild-type mice suggesting that while CCL2 may recruit macrophages to lung tumor microenvironments, redundant pathways can compensate when CCL2/CCR2 signaling is inactivated. Depletion of pulmonary macrophages rather than inhibition of their recruitment may be an advantageous strategy for attenuating lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | | | - Kevin S Choo
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Taylor A Staab
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Ronald J Bouchard
- Research Division, Eastern Colorado Veterans Administration Medical Center , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Alvin M Malkinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Lori D Dwyer-Nield
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, CO , USA
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11
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Lin CL, Williams L, Seki Y, Kaur H, Hartil K, Fiallo A, Glenn AS, Katz EB, Charron MJ, Vuguin PM. Effects of genetics and in utero diet on murine pancreatic development. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:217-27. [PMID: 24895417 PMCID: PMC4287255 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine (IU) malnutrition could alter pancreatic development. In this study, we describe the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy on fetal growth and pancreatic morphology in an 'at risk' animal model of metabolic disease, the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) heterozygous mouse (G4+/-). WT female mice mated with G4+/- males were fed HFD or control diet (CD) for 2 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy. At embryonic day 18.5, fetuses were killed and pancreata isolated for analysis of morphology and expression of genes involved in insulin (INS) cell development, proliferation, apoptosis, glucose transport and function. Compared with WT CD, WT HFD fetal pancreata had a 2.4-fold increase in the number of glucagon (GLU) cells (P=0.023). HFD also increased GLU cell size by 18% in WT pancreata compared with WT CD. Compared with WT CD, G4+/- CD had an increased number of INS cells and decreased INS and GLU cell size. Compared with G4+/- CD, G4+/- HFD fetuses had increased pancreatic gene expression of Igf2, a mitogen and inhibitor of apoptosis. The expression of genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, glucose transport, and INS secretion was not altered in WT HFD compared with G4+/- HFD pancreata. In contrast to WT HFD pancreata, HFD exposure did not alter pancreatic islet morphology in fetuses with GLUT4 haploinsufficiency; this may be mediated in part by increased Igf2 expression. Thus, interactions between IU diet and fetal genetics may play a critical role in the developmental origins of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lei Lin
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
| | - Lyda Williams
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
| | - Yoshinori Seki
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USADepartments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USADepartments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
| | - Kirsten Hartil
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
| | - Ariana Fiallo
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
| | - A Scott Glenn
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
| | - Ellen B Katz
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
| | - Maureen J Charron
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USADepartments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USADepartments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
| | - Patricia M Vuguin
- Departments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USADepartments of PediatricsNeonatologyBiochemistryObstetrics and Gynecology and Women's HealthMedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USADepartment of PediatricsHofstra School of Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Lake Success, New York 11402, USA
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12
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Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication in pregnancy. Offspring exposed to maternal hyperglycemia have a higher birth weight and are prone to develop metabolic disease in adult life. The intrauterine environmental or nutritional status seems to be involved in the fetal programing. The concept of "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease" (DOHaD) has been widely accepted and it brings new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of human diseases. The underlying mechanism is still under discussion and epigenetic mechanisms may provide an explanation for the phenomenon. The aim of this review is to illustrate the role of epigenetic modifications in the development of insulin resistance in metabolic diseases induced by adverse intrauterine exposures. Changes in epigenetic mechanism may be an early event in pathogenesis and progression of the metabolic disease in humans. Studies on epigenetic modifications contribute to our understanding of long-term effects of in utero exposure and shed light on the disease prevention and treatment by modulating epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China
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