1
|
Paschke S, Prediger R, Lavaux V, Eickenscheidt A, Lienkamp K. Stimulus-Responsive Polyelectrolyte Surfaces: Switching Surface Properties from Polycationic/Antimicrobial to Polyzwitterionic/Protein-Repellent. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100051. [PMID: 34028928 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Surfaces coated with polyzwitterions are most well-known for their ability to resist protein adsorption. In this article, a surface-attached hydrophobically modified poly(carboxybetaine) is presented. When protonated by changes of the pH of the surrounding medium, this protein-repellent polyzwitterion switches to a polycationic state in which it is antimicrobially active and protein-adhesive. The pH range in which these two states exist are recorded by zeta potential measurements. Adsorption studies at different pH values (monitored by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy) confirm that the adhesion of protein is pH dependent and reversible, that is, protein can be released upon a pH change from pH 3 to pH 7.4. At physiological pH, the poly(carboxyzwitterion) is antimicrobially active, presumably because it becomes protonated by bacterial metabolites during the antimicrobial activity assay. Stability studies confirm that the here presented material is storage-stable, yet hydrolyses after longer incubation in aqueous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Paschke
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard Prediger
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentine Lavaux
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alice Eickenscheidt
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Institut für Materialwissenschaft und Werkstoffkunde, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schneider-Chaabane A, Bleicher V, Rau S, Al-Ahmad A, Lienkamp K. Stimulus-Responsive Polyzwitterionic Surfaces Made from Itaconic Acid: Self-Triggered Antimicrobial Activity, Protein Repellency, and Cell Compatibility. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21242-21253. [PMID: 31825196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A functional monomer carrying a carboxylate and a protected primary ammonium group is synthesized from itaconic acid. When copolymerized with dimethyl acrylamide and 4-methacryloyloxybenzophenone, cross-linkable polyzwitterions are obtained. These are converted to surface-attached polyzwitterion networks by simultaneous UV-triggered C,H insertion reactions. The resulting polyzwitterion-coated substrates were studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy measurements, ζ potential and various biological assays. They were (expectedly) protein repellent, yet at the same time (and unexpectedly) cell-adhesive and antimicrobially active. This was attributed to stimulus-responsiveness of the polyzwitterion (confirmed by the ζ potential measurements), which enables charge adjustment at different pH values. When protonated, the polyzwitterions become amphiphilic polycations and, in this state, kill bacteria upon contact like their parent structures (polymer-based synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides, SMAMPs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schneider-Chaabane
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Bleicher
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Rau
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Widyaya VT, Müller C, Al-Ahmad A, Lienkamp K. Three-Dimensional, Bifunctional Microstructured Polymer Hydrogels Made from Polyzwitterions and Antimicrobial Polymers. Langmuir 2019; 35:1211-1226. [PMID: 30563333 PMCID: PMC7611509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections of medical devices are a global problem. For the prevention of such infections, biomaterial surfaces are chemically or topographically modified to slow down the initial stages of biofilm formation. In the bifunctional material here presented, chemical and topographical cues are combined, so that protein and bacterial adhesion as well as bacterial proliferation are effectively inhibited. Upon changes in the surface topography parameters and investigation of the effect of these changes on bioactivity, structure-property relationships are obtained. The target material is obtained by microcontact printing (μCP), a soft lithography method. The antimicrobial component, poly(oxanorbornene)-based synthetic mimics of an antimicrobial peptide (SMAMP), was printed onto a protein-repellent polysulfobetaine hydrogel, so that bifunctional 3D structured polymer surfaces with 1, 2, and 8.5 μm spacing are obtained. These surfaces are characterized with fluorescence microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle measurements. Biological studies show that the bifunctional surfaces with 1 and 2 μm spacing are 100% antimicrobially active against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, 100% fibrinogen-repellent, and nontoxic to human gingival mucosal keratinocytes. At 8.5 μm spacing, the broad-band antimicrobial activity and the protein repellency are compromised, which indicates that this spacing is above the upper limit for effective simultaneous antimicrobial activity and protein repellency of polyzwitterionic-polycationic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vania Tanda Widyaya
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claas Müller
- Laboratory for Process Technology, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine of the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|