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Johnson-Bonson DA, Narang BJ, Davies RG, Hengist A, Smith HA, Watkins JD, Taylor H, Walhin JP, Gonzalez JT, Betts JA. Interactive effects of acute exercise and carbohydrate-energy replacement on insulin sensitivity in healthy adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1207-1215. [PMID: 33831317 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether carbohydrate-energy replacement immediately after prolonged endurance exercise attenuates insulin sensitivity the following morning, and whether exercise improves insulin sensitivity the following morning independent of an exercise-induced carbohydrate deficit. Oral glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity were compared the morning after 3 evening conditions, involving (1) treadmill exercise followed by a carbohydrate replacement drink (200 or 150 g maltodextrin for males and females, respectively; CHO-replace); (2) treadmill exercise followed by a non-caloric, taste-matched placebo (CHO-deficit); or (3) seated rest with no drink provided (Rest). Treadmill exercise involved 90 minutes at ∼80% age-predicted maximum heart rate. Seven males and 2 females (aged 23 ± 1 years; body mass index 24.0 ± 2.7 kg·m-2) completed all conditions in a randomised order. Matsuda index improved by 22% (2.2 [0.3, 4.0] au, p = 0.03) and HOMA2-IR improved by 10% (-0.04 [-0.08, 0.00] au, p = 0.04) in CHO-deficit versus CHO-replace, without corresponding changes in postprandial glycaemia. Outcomes were similar between Rest and other conditions. These data suggest that improvements to insulin sensitivity in healthy populations following acute moderate/vigorous intensity endurance exercise may be dependent on the presence of a carbohydrate-energy deficit. Novelty: Restoration of carbohydrate balance following acute endurance exercise attenuated whole-body insulin sensitivity. Exercise per se failed to enhance whole-body insulin sensitivity. Maximising or prolonging the post-exercise carbohydrate deficit may enhance acute benefits to insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drusus A Johnson-Bonson
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Narang
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom.,Department of Automation, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Institut Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Russell G Davies
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Hengist
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Harry A Smith
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Watkins
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Taylor
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Walhin
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Javier T Gonzalez
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - James A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise & Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
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