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Clark-Hachtel CM, Hibshman JD, De Buysscher T, Stair ER, Hicks LM, Goldstein B. The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris dramatically upregulates DNA repair pathway genes in response to ionizing radiation. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1819-1830.e6. [PMID: 38614079 PMCID: PMC11078613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Tardigrades can survive remarkable doses of ionizing radiation, up to about 1,000 times the lethal dose for humans. How they do so is incompletely understood. We found that the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris suffers DNA damage upon gamma irradiation, but the damage is repaired. We show that this species has a specific and robust response to ionizing radiation: irradiation induces a rapid upregulation of many DNA repair genes. This upregulation is unexpectedly extreme-making some DNA repair transcripts among the most abundant transcripts in the animal. By expressing tardigrade genes in bacteria, we validate that increased expression of some repair genes can suffice to increase radiation tolerance. We show that at least one such gene is important in vivo for tardigrade radiation tolerance. We hypothesize that the tardigrades' ability to sense ionizing radiation and massively upregulate specific DNA repair pathway genes may represent an evolved solution for maintaining DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Clark-Hachtel
- Biology Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Biology Department, The University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC 28804, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Hibshman
- Biology Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tristan De Buysscher
- Biology Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Bioinformatics & Analytics Research Collaborative, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Evan R Stair
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bob Goldstein
- Biology Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Zaghloul MS, Hunter A, Mostafa AG, Parkes J. Re-irradiation for recurrent/progressive pediatric brain tumors: from radiobiology to clinical outcomes. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:709-717. [PMID: 37194207 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2215439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Neurosurgical excision, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy represent the standard of care in most histopathological types of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Even though the successful cure rate is reasonable, some patients may develop recurrence locally or within the neuroaxis. AREA COVERED The management of these recurrences is not easy; however, significant advances in neurosurgery, radiation techniques, radiobiology, and the introduction of newer biological therapies, have improved the results of their salvage treatment. In many cases, salvage re-irradiation is feasible and has achieved encouraging results. The results of re-irradiation depend upon several factors. These factors include tumor type, extent of the second surgery, tumor volume, location of the recurrence, time that elapses between the initial treatment, the combination with other treatment agents, relapse, and the initial response to radiotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Reviewing the radiobiological basis and clinical outcome of pediatric brain re-irradiation revealed that re-irradiation is safe, feasible, and indicated for recurrent/progressive different tumor types such as; ependymoma, medulloblastoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and glioblastoma. It is now considered part of the treatment armamentarium for these patients. The challenges and clinical results in treating recurrent pediatric brain tumors were highly documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Zaghloul
- Radiation Oncology department. National Cancer Institute, Cairo University & Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alistair Hunter
- Division of Radiobiology, Radiation Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ayatullah G Mostafa
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cairo University, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeannette Parkes
- Radiation Oncology Department, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Hishinuma E, Shimada M, Matsukawa N, Li B, Motoike IN, Hagihara T, Shigeta S, Tokunaga H, Saigusa D, Kinoshita K, Koshiba S, Yaegashi N. Identification of predictive biomarkers for diagnosis and radiation sensitivity of uterine cervical cancer using wide-targeted metabolomics. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023. [PMID: 37291943 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is the fourth most common cancer in women, responsible for more than 300 000 deaths worldwide. Its early detection, by cervical cytology, and prevention, by vaccinating against human papilloma virus, greatly contribute to reducing cervical cancer mortality in women. However, penetration of the effective prevention of UCC in Japan remains low. Plasma metabolome analysis is widely used for biomarker discovery and the identification of cancer-specific metabolic pathways. Here, we aimed to identify predictive biomarkers for the diagnosis and radiation sensitivity of UCC using wide-targeted plasma metabolomics. METHODS We analyzed 628 metabolites in plasma samples obtained from 45 patients with UCC using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The levels of 47 metabolites were significantly increased and those of 75 metabolites were significantly decreased in patients with UCC relative to healthy controls. Increased levels of arginine and ceramides, and decreased levels of tryptophan, ornithine, glycosylceramides, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylcholine were characteristic of patients with UCC. Comparison of metabolite profiles in groups susceptible and non-susceptible to radiation therapy, a treatment for UCC, revealed marked variations in polyunsaturated fatty acid, nucleic acid, and arginine metabolism in the group not susceptible to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the metabolite profile of patients with UCC may be an important indicator for distinguishing these patients from healthy cohorts, and may also be useful for predicting sensitivity to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Hishinuma
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Muneaki Shimada
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsukawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bin Li
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuko N Motoike
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Systems Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hagihara
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shogo Shigeta
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Tokunaga
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Systems Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Chen Y, Zhang Q, Lu T, Hu C, Zong J, Xu Y, Zheng W, Chen L, Lin S, Qiu S, Xu L, Pan J, Guo Q, Lin S. Prioritizing sufficient dose to gross tumor volume over normal tissue sparing in intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment of T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2023; 45:1130-1140. [PMID: 36856128 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), priority is often given minimize dose to the critical organs at risk (OARs) to avoid potential morbid sequelae. However, in T4 NPC, dosimetric inadequacy enforced by dose constraints on OARs may significantly impact tumor control. METHODS This was a single-institute cohort that patients diagnosed between July 2005 and December 2010 with T4 NPC treated with IMRT. All patients were re-classification according to the 7th-AJCC stage. RESULTS Overall, the average doses such as Dmax , D1% , D2% and D1cc for various Central nervous system (CNS) OARs including brainstem, optic nerve, chiasm, temporal lobes and spinal cord were found to exceed published guidelines as RTOG0225. However, no clinical toxicities were seen during the follow-up period except for 13% patients with temporal lobe necrosis. CONCLUSION Our retrospective review showed that its feasible to maximize gross tumor volume dose coverage while exceeding most CNS OAR constraint standards, with ideal local control and no obvious increase of craniocerebral toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Precision Radiotherapy for Tumors (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Radiology and Radiotherapy of Fujian Province (Digestive, Hematological and Breast Malignancies), Fuzhou, China
| | - Quxia Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianzhu Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cairong Hu
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingfeng Zong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lisha Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Senan Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Luying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianji Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaojuan Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaojun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Pollock AE, Arons D, Alexander GS, Alicia D, Birkman KM, Molitoris JK, Mehra R, Cullen KJ, Hatten KM, Taylor RJ, Wolf JS, Regine WF, Witek ME. Gross tumor volume margin and local control in p16-positive oropharynx cancer patients treated with intensity modulated proton therapy. Head Neck 2023; 45:1088-1096. [PMID: 36840723 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if the extent of high-dose gross tumor volume (GTV) to clinical target volume (CTV) expansion is associated with local control in patients with p16-positive oropharynx cancer (p16+ OPC) treated with definitive intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with p16+ OPC treated with IMPT at a single institution between 2016 and 2021. Patients with a pre-treatment PET-CT and restaging PET-CT within 4 months following completion of IMPT were analyzed. RESULTS Sixty patients were included for analysis with a median follow-up of 17 months. The median GTV to CTV expansion was 5 mm (IQR: 2 mm). Thirty-three percent of patients (20 of 60) did not have a GTV to CTV expansion. There was one local failure within the expansion group (3%). CONCLUSION Excellent local control was achieved using IMPT for p16+ OPC independent of GTV expansion. IMPT with minimal target expansions represent a potential harm-minimization technique for p16-positive oropharynx cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel E Pollock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Arons
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory S Alexander
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Alicia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kayla M Birkman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason K Molitoris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin J Cullen
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle M Hatten
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Taylor
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William F Regine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew E Witek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Jeon W, Jung SY, Lee CY, Kim WT, Kim H, Jang KW, Lim H, Lee M, Jeong DH, Kim SD, Kim IA, Choi SH, Son TG, Kim KS. Evaluation of Radiation Sensitivity Differences in Mouse Liver Tumor Organoids Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Mutation. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231165125. [PMID: 36960537 PMCID: PMC10041602 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231165125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the radiosensitivity of liver tumors harboring different genetic mutations, mouse liver tumors were generated in vivo through the hydrodynamic injection of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/caspase 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) constructs encoding single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting Tp53, Pten, Nf1, Nf2, Tsc2, Cdkn2a, or Rb1. METHODS The plasmid vectors were delivered to the liver of adult C57BL/6 mice via hydrodynamic tail vein injection. The vectors were injected into 10 mice in each group. Organoids were generated from mouse liver tumors. The radiation response of the organoids was assessed using an ATP cell viability assay. RESULTS The mean survival period of mice injected with vectors targeting Nf2 (4.8 months) was lower than that of other mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and target sequencing analyses revealed that mouse liver tumors harbored the expected mutations. Tumor organoids were established from mouse liver tumors. Histological evaluation revealed marked morphological similarities between the mouse liver tumors and the generated tumor organoids. Moreover, IHC staining indicated that the parental tumor protein expression pattern was maintained in the organoids. The results of the ATP cell viability assay revealed that the tumor organoids with mutated Nf2 were more resistant to high-dose radiation than those with other gene mutations. CONCLUSIONS This study developed a radiation response assessment system for mouse tumors with mutant target genes using CRISPR/Cas9 and organoids. The Tp53 and Pten double mutation in combination with the Nf2 mutation increased the radiation resistance of tumors. The system used in this study can aid in elucidating the mechanism underlying differential intrinsic radiation sensitivity of individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Jeon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yeon Jung
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Tae Kim
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Jang
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heuijin Lim
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Manwoo Lee
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeok Jeong
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 65462Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Ho Choi
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 58927Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhu M, Lu P, Wang X, Chen Q, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Xu H, Han Z, Han J, Chen R, Li B, Peng LM, Zhang Z. Ultra-Strong Comprehensive Radiation Effect Tolerance in Carbon Nanotube Electronics. Small 2023; 19:e2204537. [PMID: 36366937 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) have been considered ideal building blocks for radiation-hard integrated circuits (ICs), the demand for which is exponentially growing, especially in outer space exploration and the nuclear industry. Many studies on the radiation tolerance of CNT-based electronics have focused on the total ionizing dose (TID) effect, while few works have considered the single event effects (SEEs) and displacement damage (DD) effect, which are more difficult to measure but may be more important in practical applications. Measurements of the SEEs and DD effect of CNT FETs and ICs are first executed and then presented a comprehensive radiation effect analysis of CNT electronics. The CNT ICs without special irradiation reinforcement technology exhibit a comprehensive radiation tolerance, including a 1 × 104 MeVcm2 mg-1 level of the laser-equivalent threshold linear energy transfer (LET) for SEEs, 2.8 × 1013 MeV g-1 for DD and 2 Mrad (Si) for TID, which are at least four times higher than those in conventional radiation-hardened ICs. The ultrahigh intrinsic comprehensive radiation tolerance will promote the applications of CNT ICs in high-energy solar and cosmic radiation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianshuo Zhou
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100195, P. R. China
| | - Zhengsheng Han
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Han
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100195, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100195, P. R. China
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8
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Wang X, Zhu M, Li X, Qin Z, Lu G, Zhao J, Zhang Z. Ultralow-Power and Radiation-Tolerant Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Electronics Utilizing Enhancement-Mode Carbon Nanotube Transistors on Paper Substrates. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2204066. [PMID: 36030367 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of eco-friendly, ultralow-power and easy-to-process electronics is facing dominant challenges in emerging off-the-grid applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoTs) and extreme environment explorations at the south/north pole, in the deep sea, and in outer space. Eco-friendly, biodegradable, lightweight, and flexible paper-based electronics can provide many new possibilities for next-generation devices and circuits. Here, enhancement-mode (E-mode, remaining off state at zero gate voltages) carbon nanotube (CNT) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are built on paper substrates through a printing-based process. Benefitting from the CMOS circuit style and E-mode transistors, the fabricated CMOS inverters exhibit high voltage gains (more than 11) and noise margins (up to 75% 1/2 VDD at VDD of 0.4 V), and rail-to-rail operation down to a VDD as low as 0.2 V and record low power dissipation as low as 0.0124 pW μm-1 . Furthermore, the transistors and integrated circuits (ICs) show an excellent radiation tolerance of a total ionizing dose (TID) exceeding 2 Mrad with a high dose rate of 365 rad s-1 . The record power consumption and outstanding radiation tolerance behavior achieved in paper-based and easy-to-process CNT electronics are attractive for emerging energy-saving and environmentally friendly ICs in harsh environment (such as outer-space) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Division of Nanodevices and Related Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P.R. China
| | - Maguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Division of Nanodevices and Related Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zongze Qin
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P.R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Zhao
- Division of Nanodevices and Related Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
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9
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Beddok A, Cottu P, Fourquet A, Kirova Y. Combination of Modern Radiotherapy and New Targeted Treatments for Breast Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246358. [PMID: 34944978 PMCID: PMC8699586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the introduction of hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer (BC) three decades ago, many new targeted therapies have been developed. Some of them are currently used, such as HER2 inhibitors, while others are still under development, such as cell cycle (CDK) inhibitors, immune checkpoint (PD1/PDL1) inhibitors, or molecules acting on DNA damage (PARP) repair. Besides this, radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used either as adjuvant treatment for early BC after breast conservative surgery or in palliative intent for the treatment of metastatic sites. Our research has shown that the combinations of the most commonly used targeted treatments and RT were feasible with a few toxicities. Nevertheless, most of the knowledge on this subject is based on retrospective studies and a small number of patients and care should be taken in this setting until these results would be confirmed in prospective randomized studies. Abstract Background: The objective of the present study was to review the essential knowledge about the combinations of the most commonly used or under development targeted treatments and radiation therapy (RT). Methods: Preclinical and clinical studies investigating this combination were extensively reviewed. Results: Several studies showed that the combination of RT and tamoxifen increased the risk of radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity; therefore, both modalities should not be given concomitantly. The combination of HER2 inhibitors (trastuzumab, pertuzumab) and RT seems to be safe. However, trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) should not be administered concurrently with brain RT since this combination could increase the risk of brain radionecrosis. The combination of RT and other new target treatments such as selective estrogen receptor degradants, lapatinib, cell cycle inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or molecules acting on DNA damage repair seems feasible but was essentially evaluated on retrospective or prospective studies with a small number of patients. Furthermore, there is considerable heterogeneity among these studies regarding the dose and fractionation of radiation, the dosage of drugs, and the sequence of treatments used. Conclusions: The combination of RT with most targeted therapies for BC appears to be well-tolerated, but these results need to be confirmed in prospective randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Beddok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (A.F.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, 91400 Orsay, France
- Laboratory of Translational Imaging in Oncology (LITO), UMR (U1288), Institut Curie, 91400 Orsay, France
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +33-144324504
| | - Paul Cottu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Alain Fourquet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (A.F.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youlia Kirova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (A.F.); (Y.K.)
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Reinhardt BT, Tittmann BR. Use of the Ferroelectric Ceramic Bismuth Titanate as an Ultrasonic Transducer for High Temperatures and Nuclear Radiation. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21186094. [PMID: 34577300 PMCID: PMC8471738 DOI: 10.3390/s21186094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic transducers are often used in the nuclear industry as sensors to monitor the health and process status of systems or the components. Some of the after-effects of the Fukushima Daiichi earthquake could have been eased if sensors had been in place inside the four reactors and sensed the overheating causing meltdown and steam explosions. The key element of ultrasonic sensors is the piezoelectric wafer, which is usually derived from lead-zirconate-titanate (Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, PZT). This material loses its piezoelectrical properties at a temperature of about 200 °C. It also undergoes nuclear transmutation. Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12, BiTi) has been considered as a potential candidate for replacing PZT at the middle of this temperature range, with many possible applications, since it has a Curie–Weiss temperature of about 650 °C. The aim of this article is to describe experimental details for operation in gamma and nuclear radiation concomitant with elevated temperatures and details of the performance of a BiTi sensor during and after irradiation testing. In these experiments, bismuth titanate has been demonstrated to operate up to a fast neutron fluence of 5 × 1020 n/cm2 and gamma radiation of 7.23 × 1021 (gamma/cm2). The results offer a perspective on the state-of the-art for a possible sensor for harsh environments of high temperature, Gamma radiation, and nuclear fluence.
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11
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Bäni L, Alexopoulos A, Artuso M, Bachmair F, Bartosik MR, Beck HC, Bellini V, Belyaev V, Bentele B, Bes A, Brom JM, Chiodini G, Chren D, Cindro V, Claus G, Collot J, Cumalat J, Curtoni S, Dabrowski AE, D'Alessandro R, Dauvergne D, De Boer W, Dorfer C, Dünser M, Eigen G, Eremin V, Forneris J, Gallin-Martel L, Gallin-Martel ML, Gan KK, Gastal M, Ghimouz A, Goffe M, Goldstein J, Golubev A, Gorišek A, Grigoriev E, Grosse-Knetter J, Grummer A, Hiti B, Hits D, Hoeferkamp M, Hosselet J, Hügging F, Hutson C, Janssen J, Kagan H, Kanxheri K, Kass R, Kis M, Kramberger G, Kuleshov S, Lacoste A, Lagomarsino S, Giudice AL, Paz IL, Lukosi E, Maazouzi C, Mandić I, Marcatili S, Marino A, Mathieu C, Menichelli M, Mikuž M, Morozzi A, Moscatelli F, Moss J, Mountain R, Oh A, Olivero P, Passeri D, Pernegger H, Perrino R, Picollo F, Pomorski M, Potenza R, Quadt A, Rarbi F, Re A, Reichmann M, Roe S, Rossetto O, Becerra DAS, Schmidt CJ, Schnetzer S, Sciortino S, Scorzoni A, Seidel S, Servoli L, Smith DS, Sopko B, Sopko V, Spagnolo S, Spanier S, Stenson K, Stone R, Stugu B, Sutera C, Traeger M, Trischuk W, Truccato M, Tuvè C, Velthuis J, Wagner S, Wallny R, Wang J, Wermes N, Wickramasinghe J, Yamouni M, Zalieckas J, Zavrtanik M, Hara K, Ikegami Y, Jinnouchi O, Kohriki T, Mitsui S, Nagai R, Terada S, Unno Y. A Study of the Radiation Tolerance of CVD Diamond to 70 MeV Protons, Fast Neutrons and 200 MeV Pions. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E6648. [PMID: 33233598 DOI: 10.3390/s20226648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We measured the radiation tolerance of commercially available diamonds grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process by measuring the charge created by a 120 GeV hadron beam in a 50 μm pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample before and after irradiation. We irradiated one group of samples with 70 MeV protons, a second group of samples with fast reactor neutrons (defined as energy greater than 0.1 MeV), and a third group of samples with 200 MeV pions, in steps, to (8.8±0.9) × 1015 protons/cm2, (1.43±0.14) × 1016 neutrons/cm2, and (6.5±1.4) × 1014 pions/cm2, respectively. By observing the charge induced due to the separation of electron–hole pairs created by the passage of the hadron beam through each sample, on an event-by-event basis, as a function of irradiation fluence, we conclude all datasets can be described by a first-order damage equation and independently calculate the damage constant for 70 MeV protons, fast reactor neutrons, and 200 MeV pions. We find the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 70 MeV protons to be 1.62±0.07(stat)±0.16(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(p μm), the damage constant for diamond irradiated with fast reactor neutrons to be 2.65±0.13(stat)±0.18(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(n μm), and the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 200 MeV pions to be 2.0±0.2(stat)±0.5(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(π μm). The damage constants from this measurement were analyzed together with our previously published 24 GeV proton irradiation and 800 MeV proton irradiation damage constant data to derive the first comprehensive set of relative damage constants for Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. We find 70 MeV protons are 2.60 ± 0.29 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, fast reactor neutrons are 4.3 ± 0.4 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, and 200 MeV pions are 3.2 ± 0.8 more damaging than 24 GeV protons. We also observe the measured data can be described by a universal damage curve for all proton, neutron, and pion irradiations we performed of Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. Finally, we confirm the spatial uniformity of the collected charge increases with fluence for polycrystalline Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond, and this effect can also be described by a universal curve.
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12
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Lee S, Cho O, Chun M, Chang SJ, Kong TW, Lee EJ, Lee Y. Association Between Radiation Tolerance of Lymphocytes and Clinical Outcomes in Cervical Cancer. In Vivo 2020; 33:2191-2198. [PMID: 31662555 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study evaluated whether the lymphocyte tolerance factor (LTF) was an indicator of radiation tolerance of lymphocytes (RTL) using the relative lymphocyte count (RLC), and considering clinical outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 92 cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were analysed. RLC0 was pre-treatment RLC, and RLC1, and RLC2 were at the first and second week of CCRT, respectively. LTF1 was RLC1:RLC2. LTF2 was the dimension of the convex or concave shape comprising the three RLC vertexes. Patients were divided into three groups: good RTL group, low LTF1; moderate RTL group, high LTF1 and low LTF2; and poor RTL group, high LTF1 and high LTF2. RESULTS Patients with good tumour response to radiotherapy were mostly included in the good RTL group than in the other groups. The poor RTL group had lower 3-year progression-free survival (57.1% vs. 83.8% and 82%, p=0.01) and 5-year disease-specific survival (71.8% vs. 90.4% and 94.9%, p=0.062) rates than the moderate and good RTL groups. Multivariate analyses showed that poor RTL was a significant survival predictor. CONCLUSION The poor RTL group according to LTF is a potential predictor of clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Oyeon Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mison Chun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jun Chang
- Department of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kong
- Department of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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13
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El Atwani O, Unal K, Cunningham WS, Fensin S, Hinks J, Greaves G, Maloy S. In-Situ Helium Implantation and TEM Investigation of Radiation Tolerance to Helium Bubble Damage in Equiaxed Nanocrystalline Tungsten and Ultrafine Tungsten-TiC Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13030794. [PMID: 32050520 PMCID: PMC7040824 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of ultrafine and nanocrystalline materials is a proposed pathway to mitigate irradiation damage in nuclear fusion components. Here, we examine the radiation tolerance of helium bubble formation in 85 nm (average grain size) nanocrystalline-equiaxed-grained tungsten and an ultrafine tungsten-TiC alloy under extreme low energy helium implantation at 1223 K via in-situ transmission electron microscope (TEM). Helium bubble damage evolution in terms of number density, size, and total volume contribution to grain matrices has been determined as a function of He+ implantation fluence. The outputs were compared to previously published results on severe plastically deformed (SPD) tungsten implanted under the same conditions. Large helium bubbles were formed on the grain boundaries and helium bubble damage evolution profiles are shown to differ among the different materials with less overall damage in the nanocrystalline tungsten. Compared to previous works, the results in this work indicate that the nanocrystalline tungsten should possess a fuzz formation threshold more than one order of magnitude higher than coarse-grained tungsten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman El Atwani
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (K.U.); (S.F.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kaan Unal
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (K.U.); (S.F.); (S.M.)
| | - William Streit Cunningham
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA;
| | - Saryu Fensin
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (K.U.); (S.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Jonathan Hinks
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (J.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Graeme Greaves
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (J.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Stuart Maloy
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (K.U.); (S.F.); (S.M.)
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14
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Nieto-Calvache AJ, Salas LF, Duran EJ, Benavides SO, Ordoñez-Delgado CA, Rodriguez-Holguin F. Estimation of fetal radiation absorbed dose during the prophylactic use of aortic occlusion balloon for abnormally invasive placenta. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:3181-3186. [PMID: 31630590 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1678144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormally invasive placenta is an important cause of maternal morbidity, and its primary complication is massive bleeding. Strategies for preventing bleeding include arterial endovascular occlusion. One concern with the use of intra-arterial occlusion balloons is radiation exposure to the fetus, which occurs while determining balloon position. In this study, we sought to determine the radiation absorbed dose by the fetus during intra-aortic occlusion balloon placement in patients with abnormally invasive placenta. MATERIALS AND METHODS We estimated the fetal absorbed dose and the entrance skin dose in the vaginal fundus and lumbar skin, respectively, using thermoluminescent dosimeter crystals, during intra-aortic balloon positioning using the mobile X-ray image intensifier system (C-arm) in digital radiography mode, directly in surgery room, without transfer to angiographic suite. We also performed a mannequin-based simulation to validate the entrance skin dose measurement technique. RESULTS Ten women undergoing surgical management of an abnormally invasive placenta, in whom the location of the intra-aortic occlusion balloon was verified using plain radiography with C-arm in the surgery room, were included in the study. Following maternal and fetal radiation exposure, the entrance skin dose and radiation absorbed dose by the fetus were 1.31 ± 0.96 mGy and 0.27 ± 0.28 mGy, respectively, with radiation exposure durations of <1 s. CONCLUSIONS There were no complications with the use of REBOA, the radiation absorbed dose by the fetus, entrance skin dose, and duration of radiation exposure during intra-aortic occlusion balloon placement were lower than those reported for other vascular occlusion techniques, being this a safe procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nieto-Calvache
- Abnormally Invasive Placenta Clinic, High Complexity Obstetric Unit, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia.,Health Science Faculty, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - L F Salas
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Fundación Valle de Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - E J Duran
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Fundación Valle de Lili, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Physics, Universidad Del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - S O Benavides
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Fundación Valle de Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - C A Ordoñez-Delgado
- Abnormally Invasive Placenta Clinic, High Complexity Obstetric Unit, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - F Rodriguez-Holguin
- Abnormally Invasive Placenta Clinic, High Complexity Obstetric Unit, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia
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15
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Jönsson KI. Radiation Tolerance in Tardigrades: Current Knowledge and Potential Applications in Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1333. [PMID: 31505739 PMCID: PMC6770827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades represent a phylum of very small aquatic animals in which many species have evolved adaptations to survive under extreme environmental conditions, such as desiccation and freezing. Studies on several species have documented that tardigrades also belong to the most radiation-tolerant animals on Earth. This paper gives an overview of our current knowledge on radiation tolerance of tardigrades, with respect to dose-responses, developmental stages, and different radiation sources. The molecular mechanisms behind radiation tolerance in tardigrades are still largely unknown, but omics studies suggest that both mechanisms related to the avoidance of DNA damage and mechanisms of DNA repair are involved. The potential of tardigrades to provide knowledge of importance for medical sciences has long been recognized, but it is not until recently that more apparent evidence of such potential has appeared. Recent studies show that stress-related tardigrade genes may be transfected to human cells and provide increased tolerance to osmotic stress and ionizing radiation. With the recent sequencing of the tardigrade genome, more studies applying tardigrade omics to relevant aspects of human medicine are expected. In particular, the cancer research field has potential to learn from studies on tardigrades about molecular mechanisms evolved to maintain genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ingemar Jönsson
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden.
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16
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Aradi E, Lewis-Fell J, Harrison RW, Greaves G, Mir AH, Donnelly SE, Hinks JA. Enhanced Radiation Tolerance of Tungsten Nanoparticles to He Ion Irradiation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:nano8121052. [PMID: 30558254 PMCID: PMC6316147 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Materials exposed to plasmas in magnetic confinement nuclear reactors will accumulate radiation-induced defects and energetically implanted gas atoms (from the plasma and transmutations), of which insoluble helium (He) is likely to be the most problematic. The large surface-area-to-volume ratio exhibited by nanoporous materials provides an unsaturable sink with the potential to continuously remove both point defects and He. This property enhances the possibilities for these materials to be tailored for high radiation-damage resistance. In order to explore the potential effect of this on the individual ligaments of nanoporous materials, we present results on the response of tungsten (W) nanoparticles (NPs) to 15 keV He ion irradiation. Tungsten foils and various sizes of NPs were ion irradiated concurrently and imaged in-situ via transmission electron microscopy at 750 °C. Helium bubbles were not observed in NPs with diameters less than 20 nm but did form in larger NPs and the foils. No dislocation loops or black spot damage were observed in any NPs up to 100 nm in diameter but were found to accumulate in the W foils. These results indicate that a nanoporous material, particularly one made up of ligaments with characteristic dimensions of 30 nm or less, is likely to exhibit significant resistance to He accumulation and structural damage and, therefore, be highly tolerant to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aradi
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - J Lewis-Fell
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - R W Harrison
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M1 3NJ, UK.
| | - G Greaves
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - A H Mir
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - S E Donnelly
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - J A Hinks
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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Wang J, Jiang M, Xia S. miR-339-5p Increases Radiosensitivity of Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting Phosphatases of Regenerating Liver-1 (PRL-1). Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8408-8416. [PMID: 30462625 PMCID: PMC6259607 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the most effective non-surgical modality in lung cancer treatment, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as key regulators in radiosensitization. Herein, we explored the specific function of miR-339-5p in the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Radiosensitivity was assessed by cell viability (CCK-8 assay), cell apoptosis, and cell cycle changes (flow cytometry). qRT-PCR and subsequent Western blot assays were used to determine the expression of miR-339-5p and other related proteins. RESULTS We demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR) exposure impaired lung cancer cell viability, and found that miR-339-5p is a novel IR-inducible miRNA. Overexpression of miR-339-5p enhanced radiosensitivity of A549 and H460 cells by inhibiting cell viability, increasing apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest, and suppressing cell proliferation. Further exploration validated that miR-339-5p can target phosphatases of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1) in lung cancer cells. Restoration of PRL-1 partially reverses the enhanced radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells induced by miR-339-5p. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that miR-339-5p has potential therapeutic value by sensitizing lung cancer cells to radiation via targeting of PRL-1.
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18
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Izmajłowicz B, Rusiecka M, Sztuder A, Stępień M, Ignatowicz-Pacyna A, Słocka-Romaniuk B, Mazur Z, Kornafel J. Tolerance of combined radiochemotherapy in cervical cancer patients. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2017; 26:587-594. [PMID: 28691425 DOI: 10.17219/acem/62454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiochemotherapy in cervical cancer was implemented to clinical practice based on 5 randomized clinical trials, published at the end of the 20th century, which showed improvement in the total and symptomless survivals by about 10-18%. The increase of therapeutic index of such treatment can take place only when the efficiency of the treatment outweighs the increase of its toxicity. Thus, it is necessary to monitor treatment reaction during radiochemotherapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the acute post-radiation reaction during radiochemotherapy for cervical cancer and the to analyze the reasons of the unplanned course of combined treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS A group of consecutive 176 cervical cancer patients in the clinical stage from IB to IIIB acc. to FIGO classification who underwent radiochemotherapy were taken under prospective observation in Clinical Gynecologic Radiotherapy Ward of the Lower Silesian Cancer Center in Wrocław between April 2010 and September 2012. Early post-radiation reaction was assessed in RTOG/EORTC scale once a week. RESULTS During the treatment early post-radiation reaction of upper part of alimentary duct was observed in 74.4% of the patients, the reaction of lower part of gastrointestinal tract in 51.2%, and in bladder 44.8%. The most frequent symptoms of post-radiation reaction are: nausea (73.3% of the patients), diarrhea (51.2%) and vomiting (20.9%). Leucopenia was observed in 97.1% of the patients, granulocytopenia in 70.4%, anemia in 69.2%, and thrombocytopenia in 25.5%. The planned dose of radiotherapy was administered completely in 90.1% of the patients. A break in radiotherapy was necessary in 15.7% of the patients. In total, 44.8% of the patients did not receive radiochemotherapy according to the plan, because of the side effects of the treatment (most often leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal reaction). CONCLUSIONS The presented data shows that radiochemotherapy causes the intensification of acute side effects of treatment and may cause unplanned course of treatment and prolongation of the total treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Izmajłowicz
- Department of Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology Clinic, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
- Clinical Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rusiecka
- Department of Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology Clinic, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
- Clinical Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sztuder
- Clinical Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Department of Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology Clinic, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
- Clinical Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ignatowicz-Pacyna
- Department of Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology Clinic, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
- Clinical Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Słocka-Romaniuk
- Department of Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology Clinic, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
- Clinical Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Mazur
- Department of Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology Clinic, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
- Clinical Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Kornafel
- Department of Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology Clinic, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
- Clinical Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Hrycushko BA, Bing C, Futch C, Wodzak M, Stojadinovic S, Medin PM, Chopra R. Technical Note: System for evaluating local hypothermia as a radioprotector of the rectum in a small animal model. Med Phys 2017; 44:3932-3938. [PMID: 28513855 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The protective effects of induced or even accidental hypothermia on the human body are widespread with several medical uses currently under active research. In vitro experiments using human cell lines have shown hypothermia provides a radioprotective effect that becomes more pronounced at large, single-fraction doses common to stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatments. This work describes the development of a system to evaluate local hypothermia for a radioprotective effect of the rat rectum during a large dose of radiation relevant to prostate SBRT. This includes the evaluation of a 3D-printed small animal rectal cooling device and the integration with a small animal irradiator. METHODS A 3-cm long, dual-lumen rectal temperature control apparatus (RTCA) was designed in SOLIDWORKS CAD for 3D printing. The RTCA was capable of recirculating flow in a device small enough for insertion into the rat rectum, with a metal support rod for strength as well as visibility during radiation treatment planning. The outer walls of the RTCA comprised of thin heat shrink plastic, achieving efficient heat transfer into adjacent tissues. Following leak-proof testing, fiber optic temperature probes were used to evaluate the temperature over time when placed adjacent to the cooling device within the rat rectum. MRI thermometry characterized the relative temperature distribution in concentric ROIs surrounding the probe. Integration with an image-guided small animal irradiator and associated treatment planning system included evaluation for imaging artifacts and effect of brass tubing on dose calculation. RESULTS The rectal temperature adjacent to the cooling device decreased from body temperature to 15°C within 10-20 min from device insertion and was maintained at 15 ± 3°C during active cooling for the evaluated time of one hour. MR thermometry revealed a steep temperature gradient with increasing distance from the cooling device with the desired temperature range maintained within the surrounding few millimeters. CONCLUSIONS A 3D-printed rectal cooling device was fabricated for the purpose of inducing local hypothermia in the rat rectum. The RTCA was simply integrated with an image-guided small animal irradiator and Monte Carlo-based treatment planning system to facilitate an in vivo investigation of the radioprotective effect of hypothermia for late rectal toxicity following a single large dose of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Hrycushko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chenchen Bing
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cecil Futch
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Wodzak
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Paul M Medin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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20
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Wang T, Hu P, Li B, Zhang JP, Cheng YF, Liang YM. Role of Nrf2 signaling pathway in the radiation tolerance of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an in vivo and in vitro study. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1809-1819. [PMID: 28367064 PMCID: PMC5370066 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s122803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and the radiation tolerance of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). From January 2015 to January 2016, 117 patients with HNSCC were enrolled in our study and assigned into the sensitive and tolerance groups based on curative effect. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to measure protein expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC-4, was induced by radiation to construct the HSC-4-radiation resistance (RR) cell line. HSC-4 and HSC-4-RR were also assigned into the blank, negative control (NC) and Nrf2 siRNA groups. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were employed to detect cell viability, mRNA expression and protein expression, respectively, of Nrf2, HO1, NQO1 and GST. A total of 40 nude mice were equally assigned into the untreated, Nrf2 siRNA, radiation therapy (RT) and RT + Nrf2 siRNA groups. Compared with the sensitive group, patients in the tolerance group had upregulated Nrf2, HO1, NQO1 and GST expressions. HSC-4-RR cell line had improved cell viability and higher protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2, HO1, NQO1 and GST compared with HSC-4 cell line. Compared with the HSC-4-NC and HSC-4-blank groups, the HSC-4-Nrf2 siRNA group had downregulated cell viability. Compared with the HSC-4-RR-NC and HSC-4-RR-blank groups, the HSC-4-RR-Nrf2 siRNA group had lower cell viability. However, the HSC-4-RR-Nrf2 siRNA group had elevated cell viability than the HSC-4-Nrf2 siRNA group. Tumor volume and tumor weight in the RT and RT + Nrf2 siRNA groups decreased evidently. The RT + Nrf2 siRNA group exhibited decreased tumor volume and tumor weight in comparison with the RT group. Our data demonstrated that downregulation of HO1, NQO1 and GST via inhibiting Nrf2 signaling pathway reduces the radiation tolerance of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Min Liang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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21
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Si S, Li W, Zhao X, Han M, Yue Y, Wu W, Guo S, Zhang X, Dai Z, Wang X, Xiao X, Jiang C. Significant Radiation Tolerance and Moderate Reduction in Thermal Transport of a Tungsten Nanofilm by Inserting Monolayer Graphene. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1604623. [PMID: 27859705 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten-graphene multilayer composites are fabricated using a stacking method. The thermal resistance induced by the graphene interlayer is moderate. An ion-implantation method is used to verify the radiation tolerance. The results show that graphene inserted among tungsten films plays a dominant role in reducing radiation damage. Furthermore, the performance of different tungsten period-thicknesses in radiation tolerance is systematically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Si
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Meng Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Yanan Yue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shishang Guo
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhigao Dai
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Xiangheng Xiao
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Changzhong Jiang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Center for Ion Beam Application, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE Insects are known to have higher levels of radiation tolerance than mammals. The fruit fly Drosophila provides opportunities for genetic analysis of radiation tolerance in insects. A knowledge of stage-specific sensitivity is required to understand the mechanisms and test the existing hypothesis of insect radiation tolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Drosophila melanogaster were irradiated using gamma rays at different life stages. Irradiation doses were chosen to start from 100-2200 Gy with increments of 100 Gy, with a dose rate of 12.5 and 25 Gy/min. The threshold of mortality, LD50 and LD100 1 h post-irradiation was recorded for larvae and adults and 24 h post-irradiation for eggs and after 2-3 days for early and late pupae. Total antioxidant capacity for all the life stages was measured using the phosphomolybdenum method. RESULTS Twenty-four hours post-irradiation, 100% mortality was recorded for eggs at 1000 Gy. One hour post irradiation 100% mortality was recorded at 1300 Gy for first instar larvae, 1700 Gy for second instar larvae, 1900 Gy for feeding third instar larvae and 2200 Gy for non-feeding third instar larvae. Post-irradiation complete failure of emergence (100% mortality) was observed at 130 Gy for early pupae and 1500 Gy for late pupae; 100% mortality was observed at 1500 Gy for adults. The values of LD50 were recorded as 452 Gy for eggs, 1049 Gy for first instar larvae, 1350 Gy for second instar larvae, 1265 Gy for feeding third instar larvae, 1590 Gy for non-feeding third instar larvae, 50 Gy for early pupae, 969 Gy for late pupae, 1228 Gy for adult males and 1250 Gy for adult females. CONCLUSIONS Early pupae were found to be prone to radiation, whereas the non-feeding third instar larvae were most resistant among all stages. The chromosome number being constant and total antioxidant capacity being nearly constant in all stages, we suggest that high rate of cell division during early pupae makes this stage sensitive to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Deeksha
- a Department of Applied Zoology , Mangalore University , Mangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Rajashekhar K Patil
- a Department of Applied Zoology , Mangalore University , Mangalore , Karnataka , India.,b Centre for Radioisotopes and Radiation Technology (CARRT), Mangalore University , Manglore , Karnataka , India
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Janssen S, Glanzmann C, Yousefi B, Loewenich K, Huber G, Schmid S, Studer G. Radiation-induced lower cranial nerve palsy in patients with head and neck carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:811-816. [PMID: 26171186 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy (RICNP) is a severe long-term complication in patients with head and neck cancer following high-dose radiation therapy (RT). We present the case report of a patient with bilateral RICNP of the hypoglossal and vagus cranial nerves (XII/X) following postoperative RT in the era prior to the introduction of intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), and an analysis of our IMRT patient cohort at risk including the case of a XII RICNP. A total of 201 patients whose glosso-pharyngeal (IX), X and XII cranial nerves had been exposed to >65 Gy definitive IMRT in our institution between January, 2002 and December, 2012 with or without systemic therapy, were retrospectively identified. A total of 151 patients out of 201 fulfilling the following criteria were included in the analysis: Locoregionally controlled disease, with a follow-up (FU) of >24 months and >65 Gy exposure of the nerves of interest. So far, one of the assessed 151 IMRT patients at risk exhibited symptoms of RICNP after 6 years. The mean/median FU of the entire cohort was 71/68 months (range, 27-145). The results were compared with literature reports. In conclusion, RICNP appears to be a rare complication. However, a longer FU and a larger sample size are required to draw reliable conclusions on the incidence of RICNP in the era of IMRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Janssen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland ; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Glanzmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bita Yousefi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Loewenich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bethanien Hospital, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Studer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Su XY, Liu PD, Wu H, Gu N. Enhancement of radiosensitization by metal-based nanoparticles in cancer radiation therapy. Cancer Biol Med 2014; 11:86-91. [PMID: 25009750 PMCID: PMC4069802 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy performs an important function in cancer treatment. However, resistance of tumor cells to radiation therapy still remains a serious concern, so the study of radiosensitizers has emerged as a persistent hotspot in radiation oncology. Along with the rapid advancement of nanotechnology in recent years, the potential value of nanoparticles as novel radiosensitizers has been discovered. This review summarizes the latest experimental findings both in vitro and in vivo and attempts to highlight the underlying mechanisms of response in nanoparticle radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Su
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China ; 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei-Dang Liu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China ; 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Wu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China ; 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ning Gu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China ; 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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25
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Medin PM, Boike TP. Spinal cord tolerance in the age of spinal radiosurgery: lessons from preclinical studies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 79:1302-9. [PMID: 21183290 PMCID: PMC3074505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical implementation of spinal radiosurgery has increased rapidly in recent years, but little is known regarding human spinal cord tolerance to single-fraction irradiation. In contrast, preclinical studies in single-fraction spinal cord tolerance have been ongoing since the 1970s. The influences of field length, dose rate, inhomogeneous dose distributions, and reirradiation have all been investigated. This review summarizes literature regarding single-fraction spinal cord tolerance in preclinical models with an emphasis on practical clinical significance. The outcomes of studies that incorporate uniform irradiation are surprisingly consistent among multiple small- and large-animal models. Extensive investigation of inhomogeneous dose distributions in the rat has demonstrated a significant dose-volume effect while preliminary results from one pig study are contradictory. Preclinical spinal cord dose-volume studies indicate that dose distribution is more critical than the volume irradiated suggesting that neither dose-volume histogram analysis nor absolute volume constraints are effective in predicting complications. Reirradiation data are sparse, but results from guinea pig, rat, and pig studies are consistent with the hypothesis that the spinal cord possesses a large capacity for repair. The mechanisms behind the phenomena observed in spinal cord studies are not readily explained and the ability of dose response models to predict outcomes is variable underscoring the need for further investigation. Animal studies provide insight into the phenomena and mechanisms of radiosensitivity but the true significance of animal studies can only be discovered through clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Medin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9183, USA.
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