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Gallucci S, Bonato M, Benini M, Chiaramello E, Fiocchi S, Tognola G, Parazzini M. Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency Band. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 23:104. [PMID: 36616701 PMCID: PMC9823937 DOI: 10.3390/s23010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: This work aims to assess human exposure to EMF due to two different wearable antennas tuned to two 5G bands. (2) Methods: The first one was centered in the lower 5G band, around f = 3.5 GHz, whereas the second one was tuned to the upper 5G band, at 26.5 GHz. Both antennas were positioned on the trunk of four simulated human models. The exposure assessment was performed by electromagnetic numerical simulations. Exposure levels were assessed by quantifying the specific absorption rate averaged on 10 g of tissue (SAR10g) and the absorbed power density (Sab), depending on the frequency of the wearable antenna. (3) Results: the higher exposure values that resulted were always mainly concentrated in a superficial area just below the antenna itself. In addition, these resulting distributions were narrowed around their peak values and tended to flatten toward lower values in farther anatomical body regions. All the exposure levels complied with ICNIRP guidelines when considering realistic input power. (4) Conclusions: This work highlights the importance of performing an exposure assessment when the antenna is placed on the human wearer, considering the growth of wearable technology and its wide variety of application, particularly regarding future 5G networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gallucci
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Bonato
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Benini
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Emma Chiaramello
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Fiocchi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tognola
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Parazzini
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy
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