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Struck B, Wiersma SJ, Ortseifen V, Pühler A, Niehaus K. Comprehensive Proteome Profiling of a Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris B100 Culture Grown in Minimal Medium with a Specific Focus on Nutrient Consumption and Xanthan Biosynthesis. Proteomes 2024; 12:12. [PMID: 38651371 PMCID: PMC11036225 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthan, a bacterial polysaccharide, is widespread in industrial applications, particularly as a food additive. However, little is known about the process of xanthan synthesis on the proteome level, even though Xanthomonas campestris is frequently used for xanthan fermentation. A label-free LC-MS/MS method was employed to study the protein changes during xanthan fermentation in minimal medium. According to the reference database, 2416 proteins were identified, representing 54.75 % of the proteome. The study examined changes in protein abundances concerning the growth phase and xanthan productivity. Throughout the experiment, changes in nitrate concentration appeared to affect the abundance of most proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism, except Gdh and GlnA. Proteins involved in sugar nucleotide metabolism stay unchanged across all growth phases. Apart from GumD, GumB, and GumC, the gum proteins showed no significant changes throughout the experiment. GumD, the first enzyme in the assembly of the xanthan-repeating unit, peaked during the early stationary phase but decreased during the late stationary phase. GumB and GumC, which are involved in exporting xanthan, increased significantly during the stationary phase. This study suggests that a potential bottleneck for xanthan productivity does not reside in the abundance of proteins directly involved in the synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Struck
- Department of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany (S.J.W.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Sanne Jitske Wiersma
- Department of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany (S.J.W.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Vera Ortseifen
- Department of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany (S.J.W.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Department of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany (S.J.W.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Wang Y, Jiao J, Wan J, Wu D, Zhang G, Chan H, Wang M, Chan X, Yang H, Li Q. Value of the modified semiquantitative classification in predicting outcomes in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2023. [PMID: 37323118 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modified semiquantitative classification (SQC) is a new pathological classification for Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), and its prognostic value with regard to the outcomes of HSPN is unclear. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 249 patients with biopsy-proven HSPN admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. In addition to the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) classification, renal biopsy specimens were also reevaluated according to the SQC. RESULTS During the follow-up period of 2.9 (1.0-6.9) years, 14 (5.6%) patients reached the poor outcome at the end of follow-up. The SQC activity and chronicity indexes were positively correlated with the clinical manifestations, conventional pathology grades, and 24-h urinary protein (24hUP). The difference in the areas under the curve between the total biopsy SQC scores and ISKDC classification was 0.12 (p = .001, 95% CI: 0.0485-0.192). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year poor outcomes and total biopsy SQC scores, a total biopsy score ≥10 was associated with a higher risk of an adverse outcome. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the SQC indexes are clearly correlated with the clinical and pathological findings of HSPN. The SQC is more sensitive than ISKDC classification for the prediction of the long-term outcomes of HSPN in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Junli Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoqi Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaofu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Chan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelan Chan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
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Lee H, Ryu JH, Choi AR, Kim Y, Oh EJ. Inter-laboratory comparison of semiquantitative allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E test: 7 years of experience in Korea. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24222. [PMID: 34994992 PMCID: PMC8842192 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST) is widely used as a screening tool for allergic diseases and has the advantage of providing specific IgE (sIgE) results for various allergens in semiquantitative class. We have continuously conducted external quality assessment (EQA) since 2012 for clinical laboratories performing MAST using AdvanSure allergy screen test (LG CHEM, Korea). This study provides an account of the EQA experience. METHODS Samples were prepared using pooled sera collected from patients with suspected allergic disease and sent to each laboratory twice a year. Each round included 4-6 serum samples with sIgE for 10-20 inhaled or food allergens. The acceptable class value was the most frequently reported MAST class ±1 titer that exceeded 80% of the total laboratory results. RESULTS The average number of participating laboratories was 76 (49-90) and the average response rate was 97.3% during the entire survey period. The acceptable rates were consistently high at 97.7% ± 3.7%. Of the total 537 trials, 18 trials (3.4%) were regarded as nonconsensus results, in which acceptable answers did not exceed 80%. For unacceptable results, the false-negative rate (1.5% ± 2.8%) was higher than the false-positive rate (0.8% ± 2.7%) (p < 0.001). MAST class results were correlated with quantitative IgE results by ImmunoCAP (Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.682 (p < 0.001) and gamma index of 0.777 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although EQA for MAST showed a high level of acceptable answer, some allergen assays require harmonization. Continuous performance of systematic EQA is needed to improve the accuracy of sIgE assays and quality control in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Vatsos IN. Planning and Reporting of the Histomorphometry Used to Assess the Intestinal Health in Fish Nutrition Research-Suggestions to Increase Comparability of the Studies. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666044. [PMID: 33969042 PMCID: PMC8096990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N Vatsos
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Aksoy DÖ, Yildiz S, Atasoy B, Alkan A, Kandemirli SG, Cingöz M. Effect of Quantitative and Semi-quantitative Elastography Methods for the Management of Borderline Lesions on Ultrasonography. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 17:767-774. [PMID: 33390121 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666201231102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elastography (strain or shear-wave) is a method that estimates tissue stiffness. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to evaluate the quantitative and semi-quantitative ultrasound elastography methods for the diagnosis of BI-RADS 4a and BI-RADS 3 lesions, which are borderline for biopsy and follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS 175 consecutive women with 193 ultrasound-visible breast lesions were classified on Conventional B-mode Ultrasonography (CUS) according to the BI-RADS scoring system. Quantitative and semiquantitative values from ultrasound elastography in the form of strain Elastography Ratio (SER), shear Wave Elastography (SWE) and Shear Wave Elastography Ratio (SWER) were obtained. The lesions categorized as BI-RADS 4a and BI-RADS 3 on ultrasound were subsequently re-categorized according to the elastography values. RESULTS Except for the 13 BI-RADS 2 lesions, the remaining 180 lesions were biopsied. Pathology showed 83 lesions to be benign and 97 to be malignant. The sensitivity and specificity of the CUS were 96.9% and 75.0%, respectively with an accuracy of 86.0%. Cut-off points calculated based on ROC curves were 56.8 kPa for SWE, 3.53 for SWER and 3.81 for SER. When we downgraded BIRADS 4a lesions based on elastography results, the specificity (CUS+SER 96.9%, CUS+SWE 91.7%, and CUS+SWER 90.6%) and the accuracy (CUS+SER 95.3%, CUS+SWE 92.7%, and CUS+SWER 92.2%) were shown to be better than CUS. When we upgraded BI-RADS 3 lesions based on elastography results, the sensitivity of combined sets of SWE (99,0%) and SWER (100,0%) was better than CUS. CONCLUSION The rate of false-negative biopsies can be decreased with the combined use of elastography and ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Direnç Özlem Aksoy
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyma Yildiz
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Atasoy
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpay Alkan
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedat Giray Kandemirli
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Lowa City, United States
| | - Mehmet Cingöz
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tenforde MW, Boyer-Chammard T, Muthoga C, Tawe L, Milton T, Rulaganyang I, Lechiile K, Rukasha I, Leeme TB, Govender NP, Ngidi J, Mine M, Molloy SF, Harrison TS, Lortholary O, Jarvis JN. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Biosynex CryptoPS Cryptococcal Antigen Semiquantitative Lateral Flow Assay in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 59:e02307-20. [PMID: 33087436 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02307-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) titers in blood are associated with subclinical meningitis and mortality in CrAg-positive individuals with advanced HIV disease (AHD). We evaluated a novel semiquantitative lateral flow assay (LFA), CryptoPS, that may be able to identify individuals with high CrAg titers in a cohort of AHD patients undergoing CrAg screening. In a prospective cohort of patients with AHD (CD4 cell count, ≤200/μl) receiving CD4 count testing, whole blood was tested for CrAg by CryptoPS and the IMMY LFA; the two assays were conducted by two different operators, each blind to the results of the other assay. High cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) titers in blood are associated with subclinical meningitis and mortality in CrAg-positive individuals with advanced HIV disease (AHD). We evaluated a novel semiquantitative lateral flow assay (LFA), CryptoPS, that may be able to identify individuals with high CrAg titers in a cohort of AHD patients undergoing CrAg screening. In a prospective cohort of patients with AHD (CD4 cell count, ≤200/μl) receiving CD4 count testing, whole blood was tested for CrAg by CryptoPS and the IMMY LFA; the two assays were conducted by two different operators, each blind to the results of the other assay. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of CryptoPS were assessed against the IMMY LFA as a reference. CryptoPS low-titer (T1 band) and high-titer (T2 band) results were compared with IMMY LFA titers obtained through serial dilution. A total of 916 specimens were tested. The sensitivity of the CryptoPS assay was 61.0% (25/41) (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 44.5 to 75.8%), its specificity was 96.6% (845/875) (95% CI, 95.1 to 97.7%), its PPV was 45.5% (95% CI, 32.0 to 59.4%), and its NPV was 98.1% (95% CI, 97.0 to 98.9%). All (16/16) CryptoPS false-negative results were obtained for samples with IMMY titers of ≤1:160. Of 29 patients (30 specimens) who tested positive by CryptoPS but negative by the IMMY LFA, none developed cryptococcal meningitis over 3 months of follow-up without fluconazole. Median CrAg titers were 1:20 (interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 1:160) in CryptoPS T1-positive samples and 1:2,560 (IQR, 1:1,280 to 1:10,240) in T2-positive samples. We conclude that the diagnostic accuracy of the CryptoPS assay was suboptimal in the context of CrAg screening, with poor sensitivity at low CrAg titers. However, the CryptoPS assay reliably detected individuals with high titers, which are associated with poor outcomes.
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Yel S, Dursun I, Pinarbaşi AS, Günay N, Özdemir S, Şahin N, Akgün H, Ipekten F, Poyrazoğlu H, Düşünsel R. Patient Outcomes of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis According to the New Semiquantitative Classification. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:381-389. [PMID: 31490094 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1658245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: A new semiquantitative classification (SQC) for pediatric Henoch-Schönlein nephritis (HSN) was defined recently. The outcomes of pediatric HSN patients are reevaluated according to the new classification. Methods: Primary kidney biopsies from 80 HSN patients were scored using the new SQC. The International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) and SQC classifications were compared in terms of the patient outcomes. Outcomes were defined as: Outcome A (n = 44) patients with no sign of renal disease, Outcome B (n = 32) patients with minor urinary abnormalities, and Outcome C (n = 4) patients with active renal disease. Results: The patients with outcome C had significantly higher biopsy scores and chronicity indices than patients in group A. There was no significant difference in areas under the curve between total biopsy SQC scores and ISKDC findings. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the modified SQC is not more sensitive than ISKDC classification for predicting the outcome in HSN cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ismail Dursun
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Seda Pinarbaşi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Günay
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Özdemir
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nihal Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hülya Akgün
- Department of Pathology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Funda Ipekten
- Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hakan Poyrazoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ruhan Düşünsel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Misawa K, Yamamoto T, Hiruta Y, Yamazaki H, Citterio D. Text-Displaying Semiquantitative Competitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay Relying on Inkjet-Printed Patterns. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2076-2085. [PMID: 32575982 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a colorimetric signaling approach for competitive lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) enabling sensitive and semiquantitative direct visual result readout in the form of "text", demonstrated on the example of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) detection. The distinctive feature of the developed text-displaying LFIA (TD-LFIA) is the test zone system consisting of a combination of two types of inkjet-deposited capture molecules referred to as "mask antigen" and "text antibody", allowing for sensitive turn-on signaling as opposed to the inverse response of conventional competitive LFIAs. The user operation is limited to sample application, followed by direct reading of assay results written in text after approximately 10 min. TD-LFIAs enabled the visual detection of 8-OHdG at concentrations down to 3 ng/mL, which is a 2-3 orders of magnitude lower visual detection limit than that achieved with the corresponding conventional design and is comparable to the existing LFIAs relying on external signal readout equipment. Highly reproducible observer-independent assay performance was confirmed, and the result interpretation is not influenced by sample color and readout timing. Making use of customizable threshold settings for text appearance, a device for semiquantitative assays was developed and successfully applied to the detection of 8-OHdG at four concentration levels (trace, low, medium, and high) in 54 human urine samples within the clinically relevant concentration range. The sensitive and intuitive signaling method of the developed system offers great potential for an alternative competitive LFIA platform suitable for real-world point-of-care testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Misawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamamoto
- Techno Medica Company, Ltd., 5-5-1 Nakamachidai, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0041, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Techno Medica Company, Ltd., 5-5-1 Nakamachidai, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0041, Japan
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Abstract
A novel electrochemical glucose sensor was created for a simple but semiquantitative visual screening of specific glucose concentrations in urine. This noninvasive glucose biosensor integrated a disposable, paper-based sensing strip and a simple amplifier circuit with a visual readout. The paper strip consisted of five enzyme-activated electrodes. Each electrode was connected to a specific indicator circuit that triggered a light-emitting diode (LED) when a predefined glucose concentration was reached. The device features (1) low-cost, disposable, paper-based glucose oxidase (GOx)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) sensing electrodes, (2) simple signal amplification, and (3) on-site, rapid, and visual detection. The sensor generated reliable, discrete visual responses to determine five glucose levels (1, 2, 3, 4, and higher than 4 mM) in urine in less than 2 min. This innovative approach will provide a simple but powerful glucose sensing paradigm for use in POC diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Mohammadifar
- Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Tahernia
- Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Seokheun Choi
- Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
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Gurkan G, Sarikaya I, Sarikaya A. Semiquantitative assessment of osteoblastic, osteolytic, and mixed lytic-sclerotic bone lesions on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and bone scintigraphy. World J Nucl Med 2019; 18:132-136. [PMID: 31040743 PMCID: PMC6476240 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_31_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone scintigraphy is widely used to detect bone metastases, particularly osteoblastic ones, and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan is useful in detecting lytic bone metastases. In routine studies, images are assessed visually. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the osteoblastic, osteolytic, and mixed lytic-sclerotic bone lesions semiquantitatively by measuring maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on FDG PET/computed tomography (CT), maximum lesion to normal bone count ratio (ROImax) on bone scintigraphy, and Hounsfield unit (HU) on CT. Bone scintigraphy and FDG PET/CT images of 33 patients with various solid tumors were evaluated. Osteoblastic, osteolytic, and mixed lesions were identified on CT and SUVmax, ROImax, and HU values of these lesions were measured. Statistical analysis was performed to determine if there is a difference in SUVmax, ROImax, and HU values of osteoblastic, osteolytic, and mixed lesions and any correlation between these values. Patients had various solid tumors, mainly lung, breast, and prostate cancers. There were 145 bone lesions (22.8% osteoblastic, 53.1% osteolytic, and 24.1% mixed) on CT. Osteoblastic lesions had a significantly higher value of CT HU as compared to osteolytic and mixed lesions (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in mean ROImax and mean SUVmax values of osteolytic and osteoblastic bone lesions. There was no correlation between SUVmax and ROImax, SUVmax and HU, and ROImax and HU values in osteolytic, osteoblastic, and mixed lesions (P > 0.05). Not finding a significant difference in SUVmax and ROImax values of osteoblastic, osteolytic, and mixed lesions and also lack of correlation between SUVmax, ROImax, and HU values could be due to treatment status of the bone lesions, size of the lesion, nonmetastatic lesions, erroneous measurement of SUVmax and ROImax, or varying metabolism in bone metastases originating from various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guray Gurkan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Ismet Sarikaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Sarikaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Knoblaugh SE, Himmel LE. Keeping Score: Semiquantitative and Quantitative Scoring Approaches to Genetically Engineered and Xenograft Mouse Models of Cancer. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:24-32. [PMID: 30381015 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818808526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need to quantitate or "score" lesions in mouse models of human disease, for correlation with human disease and to establish their clinical relevance. Several standard semiquantitative scoring schemes have been adapted for nonneoplastic lesions; similarly, the pathologist must carefully select an approach to score mouse models of cancer. Genetically engineered mouse models with a continuum of precancerous and cancerous lesions and xenogeneic models of various derivations present unique challenges for the pathologist. Important considerations include experimental design, understanding of the human disease being modeled, standardized classification of lesions, and approaches for semiquantitative and/or quantitative scoring in the model being evaluated. Quantification should be considered for measuring the extent of neoplasia and expression of tumor biomarkers. Semiquantitative scoring schemes have been devised that include severity, frequency, and distribution of lesions. Although labor-intensive, scoring mouse models of cancer provides numerical data that enable statistical analysis and greater translational impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue E Knoblaugh
- 1 Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Comparative Pathology and Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren E Himmel
- 2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A cerebrospinal fluid leak is one of the most serious complications in otolaryngology. It may occur as a result of injury to the skull base, typically traumatic or iatrogenic. While the presence of a leak is often discerned in the emergent setting, distinguishing normal secretions from those containing cerebrospinal fluid can be difficult during postoperative visits in the clinic. As most current laboratory-based assays are labor intensive and require several days to result, we aim to develop a more user-friendly and rapid point-of-care cerebrospinal fluid detection device. STUDY DESIGN Our laboratory developed a barcode-style lateral-flow immunoassay utilizing antibodies for beta-trace protein, a protein abundant in and specific for cerebrospinal fluid, with a concentration of 1.3 mg/L delineating a positive result. SETTING Tertiary medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Tests with known concentrations of resuspended beta-trace protein and the contents of discarded lumbar drains (presumed to contain cerebrospinal fluid) were performed to validate our novel device. RESULTS Our results demonstrate the ability of our device to semiquantitatively identify concentrations of beta-trace protein from 0.3-90 mg/L, which is within the required range to diagnose a leak, thus making beta-trace protein an excellent target for rapid clinical detection. CONCLUSION Herein we detail the creation and initial validation of the first point-of-care cerebrospinal fluid detection device. This device is a feasible method to more efficiently and cost-effectively identify cerebrospinal fluid leaks, minimize costs, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Kita
- 1 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel W Bradbury
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zachary D Taylor
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,3 UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,4 Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel T Kamei
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maie A St John
- 1 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,3 UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,5 Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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13
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Kim HG, Park MS, Lee JD, Park SY. Ultrasound Elastography of the Neonatal Brain: Preliminary Study. J Ultrasound Med 2017; 36:1313-1319. [PMID: 28304105 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.06079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the ultrasound elasticity of the brain in neonates METHODS: Strain elastography was performed in 21 healthy neonates (mean gestational age [GA], 34 weeks; range, 28-40 weeks). Elastographic scores were assigned to the following structures on a 5-point color scale (1-5): ventricle, periventricular white matter, caudate, subcortical, cortical gray matter, and subdural space. Three elastographic images were evaluated in each patient, and median elastographic scores were calculated. The scores were compared between regions and were correlated with the corrected GA. Interobserver agreements for assignment of elastographic scores were analyzed. RESULTS The ventricle and subdural space showed an elasticity score of 1 in all patients. The cortical gray matter (median, 3.0; first-third quartiles, 2.33-3.33) showed higher elasticity compared to the periventricular white mater (4.0; 3.00-4.00; P < .001), caudate (4.3; 3.67-4.67; P < .001), and subcortical white matter (4.0; 4.00-4.00; P < .001). The caudate showed lower elasticity compared to periventricular white matter (P = .004). The periventricular white matter showed higher elasticity compared to subcortical white matter (P = .009). There was a positive trend between the corrected GA and cortical gray matter elastographic score (γ = 0.376; P = .093). Interobserver agreement was moderate to almost perfect (κ = 0.53-0.89). CONCLUSIONS Neonatal intracranial regions showed different elasticity, which could be accessed by strain elastography. These normal findings should prompt future studies investigating the use of ultrasound elastography in the neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gi Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Moon Sung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung-Dong Lee
- Office of Biostatistics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seon Young Park
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
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14
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Ko K, Kwon MJ, Ryu S, Woo HY, Park H. Performance Evaluation of Three URiSCAN Devices for Routine Urinalysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2015; 30:424-30. [PMID: 26303237 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares the diagnostic performance (in routine urinalysis) of three URiSCAN devices and three Roche analyzers to manual microscopy and quantitative assays. METHODS We analyzed eight dipstick tests using three URiSCAN devices. The results were compared to those of the tests performed using three Roche analyzers. The results of leukocyte and erythrocyte screens were compared to those obtained using manual microscopy. Protein, glucose, pH, and specific gravity (SG) assays performed on the URiSCAN devices were compared with the results of corresponding quantitative assays. RESULTS The rates of agreement within one grade difference were found to be more than 94.3%. When compared with manual microscopy, the Optima provided better diagnostic performance for the detection of leukocytes compared with the Urisys 1100. Compared to the Urisys 2400, the Super plus provided better diagnostic performance with regard to both leukocytes and erythrocytes. There was good correlation between the three URiSCAN devices and each quantitative assay, except for SG detection. CONCLUSION There were well correlated results between those of the three URiSCAN devices and those obtained using the corresponding Roche analyzers, quantitative assays, and manual microscopy. URiSCAN series devices are therefore suitable for routine urinalysis in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwoong Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Woo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyosoon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Chavoshi M, Fard-Esfahani A, Fallahi B, Emami-Ardekani A, Beiki D, Hassanzadeh-Rad A, Eftekhari M. Assessment of prognostic value of semiquantitative parameters on gated single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in a large middle eastern population. Indian J Nucl Med 2015; 30:233-8. [PMID: 26170566 PMCID: PMC4479912 DOI: 10.4103/0972-3919.151651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The goal of this study is to determine the prognostic value of semiquantitative parameters of electrocardiogram-gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in a large Middle Eastern (Iranian) population. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective study including all patients referred to our center for myocardial perfusion scan. The patients were followed annually up to 24 months and their survival information was collected. Results: From 1148 patients, 473 (41.2%) men and 675 (58.8%) women, 40.6% had normal MPI, 13.3% near normal and 46.1% abnormal MPI. After follow-up of 929 patients, 97.4% of patients were alive, and 2.6% succumbed to cardiac deaths. Abnormal ejection fraction was related with cardiac events (P = 0.001), but neither transient ischemic dilation (TID) (P = 0.09) nor lung/heart ratio (P = 0.92) showed such relationship. Association between summed difference score (SDS) and soft cardiac events (P < 0.001) was significant. Summed motion score (SMS) and summed thickening score (STS) showed a significant relation with hard cardiac events, including myocardial infarction and cardiac death (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Totally, risk of all cardiac events was significantly higher in abnormal MPI group than normal group (P < 0.001, 0.02, and 0.025, respectively). No significant relationship was found between TID and total cardiac events (P = 0.478). Conclusion: Semiquantitative variables derived from gated SPECT MPI have independent prognostic value. Rate of total cardiac events is higher in patients with higher summed stress score and SDS. Total and hard cardiac events are higher in upper scores of functional parameters (SMS and STS). Total cardiac events are higher in patients with lower left ventricular ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chavoshi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armaghan Fard-Esfahani
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Fallahi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emami-Ardekani
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Hassanzadeh-Rad
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eftekhari
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Roelandt S, Van der Stede Y, D'hondt B, Koenen F. The Assessment of African Swine Fever Virus Risk to Belgium Early 2014, using the Quick and Semiquantitative Pandora Screening Protocol. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:237-249. [PMID: 25939453 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A risk assessment was organized during the early EU ASF outbreaks of early 2014 (February-April) and performed in cooperation with 15 Belgian and European experts on ASFV and its epidemiology in pigs/wild boar. African swine fever (ASF) is considered as one of the most dangerous infectious pig diseases, causing many outbreaks. Since the end of 2013 - early 2014, several outbreaks within the European Union (Lithuania, Poland, Estonia and Latvia) were reported to OIE, which prompted several risk assessments by (inter)national bodies and scientists. In this study, the open source, semiquantitative Pandora risk assessment tool was used for a quick overall screening of the risk posed by ASF to Belgium early 2014. A set of integrated risk scores was calculated within the Pandora framework. Experts scored the questions and uncertainty levels in the Pandora modules individually, after which the calculations were performed and averaged scores were used within pre-defined risk scales to define and visualize the ASF risk to Belgium. Emergence risk was considered low (Pandora score 0.29), while disease consequences were deemed high (0.93); the resulting multiplicative overall risk of ASFV for Belgium was low (0.27). The Belgian experts tended to give lower risk scores than the European experts, especially for entry risk and trade/public opinion consequences. These risk scores are further interpreted with a due consideration of the qualitative data in the expert remarks and of other ASF risk assessments. The results are similar to more extensive and elaborate risk assessment models/procedures which may require more time and resources. The Pandora tool allows sequential updates to monitor (rates of) increasing risk and provides information for risk managers to organize targeted control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roelandt
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk analysis (CVD-ERA), Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Y Van der Stede
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk analysis (CVD-ERA), Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B D'hondt
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Koenen
- Unit of Coordination of Veterinary Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Risk analysis (CVD-ERA), Operational Directorate of Interactions and Surveillance, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Fedchenko N, Reifenrath J. Different approaches for interpretation and reporting of immunohistochemistry analysis results in the bone tissue - a review. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:221. [PMID: 25432701 PMCID: PMC4260254 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established, widely accepted method in both clinical and experimental parts of medical science. It allows receiving valuable information about any process in any tissue, and especially in bone. Each year the amount of data, received by IHC, grows in geometric progression. But the lack of standardization, especially on the post-analytical stage (interpreting and reporting of results), makes the comparison of the results of different studies impossible. METHODS Comprehensive PubMED literature search with a combination of search words "immunohistochemistry" and "scoring system" was performed and 773 articles describing IHC results were identified. After further manual analysis 120 articles were selected for detailed evaluation of used approaches. RESULTS Six major approaches to the interpretation and presentation of IHC analysis results were identified, analyzed and described. CONCLUSIONS The overview of the existing approaches in evaluation and interpretation of IHC data, which are provided in the article, can be used in bone tissue research and for either better understanding of existing scoring systems or developing a new one. Standard multiparametric, semiquantitative IHC scoring systems should simplify and clarify the process of interpretation and reporting of received data. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay Fedchenko
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, SE "Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine", Dzerginskogo st. 9, 49044, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.
| | - Janin Reifenrath
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Cho MC, Ji M, Kim SY, Choe W, Lee W, Chun S, Min WK. Evaluation of the URiSCAN super cassette ACR semiquantitative urine dipstick for microalbuminuria screening. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:281-6. [PMID: 24578103 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalbuminuria tests are used as screening tools for diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of a newly introduced semiquantitative urine dipstick, URiSCAN Super cassette ACR (URiSuper-ACR [where ACR is albumin/creatinine ratio]; YD Diagnostics Corp., Korea), as a screening tool for microalbuminuria. METHODS Albumin and creatinine levels in randomly selected spot urine samples of 1,040 patients were semiquantitatively measured using URiSuper-ACR. Results using URiSuper-ACR system were compared to measurements obtained by quantitative analyzer. We also calculated diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, precision, linearity, and categorical concordance rates for the diagnosis of microalbumiuria using this system. Furthermore, we performed interference tests using standard controls to evaluate possible influence of various factors. RESULTS URiSuper-ACR test showed 88.8% and 86.3% sensitivity and 90.1% and 93.8% specificity for albumin concentration and ACR, respectively. It also showed 91.1% and 92.6% positive predictive values and 87.6% and 88.5% negative predictive values, respectively. The concordance rate between URiSuper-ACR and quantitative method for albumin and creatinine concentration within the same category were 78.4% and 67.1%, respectively, and for the ±1 category were 98.8% and 99.5%, respectively. For ACR, an 80.0% concordance rate was seen within the same category. The within-run coefficients of variation (CVs) were 3.0∼15.4% and 5.2∼23.5% for albumin and creatinine, respectively, showing good linearity. In interference tests, no interference was observed except for cases with high specific gravity. CONCLUSIONS URiSuper-ACR showed good diagnostic performance for the detection of microalbuminuria and may be a useful screening test in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Abstract
Histopathologic scoring is a tool by which semiquantitative data can be obtained from tissues. Initially, a thorough understanding of the experimental design, study objectives, and methods is required for the pathologist to appropriately examine tissues and develop lesion scoring approaches. Many principles go into the development of a scoring system such as tissue examination, lesion identification, scoring definitions, and consistency in interpretation. Masking (aka "blinding") of the pathologist to experimental groups is often necessary to constrain bias, and multiple mechanisms are available. Development of a tissue scoring system requires appreciation of the attributes and limitations of the data (eg, nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio data) to be evaluated. Incidence, ordinal, and rank methods of tissue scoring are demonstrated along with key principles for statistical analyses and reporting. Validation of a scoring system occurs through 2 principal measures: (1) validation of repeatability and (2) validation of tissue pathobiology. Understanding key principles of tissue scoring can help in the development and/or optimization of scoring systems so as to consistently yield meaningful and valid scoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Gibson-Corley
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Rd, 1165ML, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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