The Impact of Social Well-Being on Population Diet Nutritional Value and Antiradical Status

The paper presents the result of assessing the antiradical status of consumers (in the context of Russia) in connection with their well-being. This approach is based on a multistage study, in which the results of sociological surveys were applied, as well as estimates of the antiradical potential (ARP) of diets obtained using neural networks, bootstrapping the chemical composition of diets, and calculating reference values using mathematical models. The paper presents data collected from residents living in the territories of at least 21 regions and cities of Russia: Magadan, Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Krasnodar, Lipetsk, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Voronezh, etc. A total of 1001 people were interviewed, which, according to our calculations, gives a margin of error in value of approximately 3.1%. To calculate the lack of vitamins in the diets of residents of the Russian Federation, data on the chemical composition of food products from the FNDDS database were used. The assessment of dietary habits showed a lack of vitamins below the recommended level in 73% of Russians for vitamin D, 59% for retinol, 38% for β-carotenes, 13% for vitamin E, and 6% for ascorbic acid. The study showed that at least 36% of the Russian population has a low antiradical status, while it was found that "poor" consumers are more likely to consume economically more expensive foods (in terms of their nutritional value). The "poor" segments of the population consume 180-305% more canned food and 38-68% more sweet carbonated drinks than other social groups, but their consumption of vegetables is 23-48% lower. On the contrary, "wealthy" consumers consume 17-25% more complex (varied) dishes, 10-68% more fresh vegetables, and 8-39% more fish. From the obtained values it follows that consumers with low levels of ARP in their diets are in a group with an increased probability of a number of "excess" diseases (diseases of the cardiovascular system, obesity, etc.). In general, the ARP values of food consumed for low-income segments of the population were 2.3 times lower (the ratio was calculated as the percentage of consumers below the level of 11,067 equivalents necessary for the disposal of free radicals generated in the human body per day) than for those who can afford expensive food (consumers with high income). A simple increase in consumption of unbalanced foods, in our opinion, will only contribute to the entry of these consumers into the "average diet trap". All this makes it imperative to develop comprehensive measures to create a new concept of public catering; otherwise, we can expect a reduction in both the health of the population and the performance of the economy of the whole country.

Vaccinating against COVID-19: The Correlation between Pro-Vaccination Attitudes and the Belief That Our Peers Want to Get Vaccinated

This study verifies whether there is a strong correlation between the pro-vaccination, against COVID-19 attitude of the respondents and their belief that most of those around them want to be vaccinated against COVID-19. For this purpose, we analyzed data from a sociological survey conducted in April 2021 in Romania. The sample size was of 1001 respondents, the selection process was randomized and the population included in the sample is representative of the socio-demographic structure of Romania. The tool used to collect the data was CATI (telephonic interview). In order to test the existence of these correlations we performed the following tests: Chi-Square test, Kendall τ, Spearman ρ tests and Freeman's z-test. The pro-vaccination attitude strongly correlates with the perception of subjects that their primary group accepts vaccination and even correlates with the perception that the general public is rather pro-vaccination. The vaccination decision is closely linked to the social relations system and the rules of the community in which the subject lives. In this paper we discuss the correlation between attitude and belief, not the existence of a causal relation between the two of them.

[REASONS FOR CITIZENS TO APPLY FOR PAID MEDICAL SERVICES ACCORDING TO SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF THE POPULATION]

An actual characteristic of the processes taking place in the Russian healthcare, especially during the ongoing transformation of the state healthcare system aimed at building a patient-oriented healthcare model, is the analysis of the reasons why citizens prefer medical care provided for a fee. The purpose of the study is to study the main reasons for the treatment of the population of the city of Moscow for medical services provided for a fee and their comparison with the reasons for applying for paid medical services (PMU) in other regions of the Russian Federation.The main materials of the study were the data of a sociological survey of visitors to the capital's medical organizations about the reasons for the population's application for obtaining PMU, as well as the results of sociological surveys on this topic in other regions of the Russian Federation. As a result, not only the main reasons for applying for medical services on a paid basis were identified, but also regional peculiarities of the prevalence of PMU.

[The characteristics of life-style of medical students]

The article considers the results of study of characteristics of lifestyle and behavioral risk factors of students of the medical university.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The object of the study was students of medical university. The survey was implemented in remote mode using the Google Forms. The relative values and their confidence intervals were calculated using the Wilson method. MS Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software were used to statistical process the research results.

RESULTS

It is established that only every tenth student observed recommended duration of night sleep. The youths were about 1.7-4.6 times more likely to violate rules of personal hygiene as compared with girls. The unreasonable diet and low motor activity were more typical for girls. The prevalence of active tobacco smoking and nicotine use in dosage more than 0.1 mg/day among youths was 1.4 and 2.0 times higher than among girls, respectively (p<0.05). More than a half of respondents consume alcoholic beverages daily. At that, 44.12% of girls do not maintain sexual life, while among youths there were 1.5 times less of such individuals. The condoms during sexual contacts are obligatory used by 52.18% of youths that is 1.3 times more often than among girls. Almost three-quarters of medical students have insufficient alertness about their health and are characterized by irresponsible medical behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

The gender differences in prevalence of lifestyle risk factors among medical students were revealed.

[The day hospitals as preventive hospitalization of patients of able-bodied age]

In accordance with the Russian Federal Law No. 350 of January 2019 the retirement age for Russians is increased for men from 60 up to 65 years, for women from 55 up to 60 years that requires implementation of organizational technologies of health-preserving, promotion of life and labor potential of population of late able-bodied age. In this regard, the role of day hospitals (DH) functioning directed at maximal possible prolongation of autonomous life and working capacity of elderly population increases. Besides, DH also presents additional reserve of optimization of medical care costs. The purpose of the study is to elaborate guidelines of improving activities of DH for population of late able-bodied age, for the purpose of preventive hospitalization. The study was organized on the basis of pilot medical organization of the Moscow Oblast, consisted of hospital of 600 beds and day hospital of 120 beds. The methods applied included sociological survey, expert judgment, statistical direct observation. The primary data was obtained from the forms of federal and sectorial statistical monitoring for 2014-2018. The analysis of medical documentation concerning pilot medical organization functioning during the year of the study was applied. The sociological surveys of patients of late able-bodied age (5 years before retirement according to the new legislation - men 60-65 years old, women 55-60 years old) who received treatment in day hospital. The results. The analysis of main indices of round-the-clock functioning in-patient and day hospitals in the Russian Federation in 2014-2018 established trend towards improvement of using hospital beds due to development of day hospital. However, bed capacity of hospitals is used ineffectively and experts assume that more than 1/3 of patients could receive medical care or aftercare in day hospitals. The experimental study of planning hospitalization of patients with chronic diseases at out-patient level demonstrated that 11.5% of population of able-bodied age need planned and preventive hospitalization in day hospital. The cost of treatment of patient with chronic pathology is 2-3 times lower in day hospital than in common hospital at the stage of exacerbation. It is reliable to apply at the out-patient level experience of planning hospitalization of patients with chronic pathology in day hospitals followed by performance control. The organization of functioning of day hospital and common hospital requires particular enhancement, including issues of succession, financing of the DS, the remuneration of medical personnel through effective contract determining interest of physician in early discharge of patient to aftercare in day hospital. The day hospital functioning is to be implemented in 2-3 turns. The day hospital is to be located in detached placement and the departments of base medical institution are to used in fullness. The day hospital is be used more actively for purpose of health preservation of population of late able-bodied age who. This contingent suffers of chronic pathology and is in need of preventive and health-promoting therapy in conditions of day hospital.

Theoretical Approaches and Practical Assessment of Socio-Economic Effects of Desertification in Mongolia

In this paper, we consider the effects of desertification in Mongolia, where the area of degraded land has increased significantly in the recent decade. Currently, almost the entire territory of the country is subject to varying degrees of degradation. The intensity of the desertification processes in different natural zones is influenced by both natural climatic and anthropogenic factors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of desertification on environmental and socio-economic living conditions, as well as on living standards of the local population. In this work, for the first time, the socio-economic aspects of desertification have been studied on a common methodological basis in different Mongolian aimags over a ten-year period. In order to carry out in-depth research, we used the submeridional and sublatitudinal principles for selecting the model study areas, as well as specific criteria and expert assessment. We used a sociological survey as the main method, based on a designed questionnaire, which was translated into Mongolian. The questionnaire includes questions regarding the influence of desertification on traditional nomadic farming, health of family members, water supply of households, water quality, living standards, etc. The results of the sociological surveys made it possible to draw conclusions on the impact of desertification on households, to identify the main problems of local people, and to describe the dynamics of the socio-economic status of the population living in the model areas. Our studies have demonstrated the intensification of the impact of desertification processes in different natural zones, administrative-territorial units and settlement systems in Mongolia.

[The sociological evaluation of commitment to treatment in re-hospitalized patients]

The article presents the results of sociological assessment of commitment to treatment of repeatedly hospitalized patients in hospitals of the Irkutsk Oblast and the Republic of Buryatia, that permitted to study their medical and social characteristics, the level of awareness of their own health, their diseases and methods of their treatment are presented. Sampling was preceded by the selection of respondents with the support of experts that reduced the impact on the study results of various factors, along with commitment to treatment, which determines the effectiveness of the treatment process (effective treatment methods for the relevant nosology, quality of medical care, etc.). The reasons for re-hospitalization were studied. The factors resulting in incomplete implementation and rejection of medical recommendations, as well as factors contributing to increased commitment to treatment were analyzed. It was established that three out of four respondents are not committed to therapy, respondents were poorly informed about the normal and their own most important indices of their health. Only one out of five of respondents indicated that they comply with medical recommendations in fullness. The main reasons for commitment to treatment are the factors that are managed by the health care system: detailed information about the disease and prescribed treatment, attention given by the doctor to their patients in accordance with their needs.

[The condition of stomatological health in women under particular gynecological diseases]

The article presents the results of sociological survey analyzing impact of gynecological pathology, against the background of hormonal imbalance, on health of women with inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. It is established that hormonal imbalance in women can result in serious damages of periodontal tissues manifested in the form of developing inflammatory diseases. Therefore, timely detection and correction of these damages have an important significance for health of women.

Sociological research on the population awareness regarding ophthalmological care in ukraine

INTRODUCTION

nowadays, there are about 45 million blind individuals and, according to the prognosis, their quantity will reach over 76 million in 2020. In such a way, nowadays ophthalmological problems become more widespread, and the market of the ophthalmological services is not studied enough to understand all the tendencies and processes.

AIM

was to study the patients' awareness on eye diseases and choice peculiarities of the information sources and medical institutions among various population age groups of Lutsk, Rivne and Ternopil cities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

the research was conducted as an anonymous questionnaire survey of respondents according to a specially designed integrated protocol by means of interviewing people at the streets of Lutsk (n=2000), Rivne (n=1500) and Ternopil (n=1500) cities.

RESULTS

there was conducted a research on the population awareness concerning vision problems, analysis of social factors and peculiarities of the choice of information sources about eye diseases and factors influencing the choice of a medical institution and an ophthalmologist. It was determined that younger population prefers private medical institutions in almost half of the cases (95% confidence interval (CI) of the private institution choice probability: 0,48-0,52), while older population prefers mainly state ones (95% CI of the choice probability: 0,71-0,74).

CONCLUSION

it was determined depending on the age, the range of people having vision problems varied from 22% in the "under 30 years" population group up to 76% in the "over 60 years" group, although at least 21,5% of the whole population realizing their problems do not address an ophthalmologist.

Sociological research on the population awareness regarding ophthalmological care in ukraine

INTRODUCTION

nowadays, there are about 45 million blind individuals and, according to the prognosis, their quantity will reach over 76 million in 2020. In such a way, nowadays ophthalmological problems become more widespread, and the market of the ophthalmological services is not studied enough to understand all the tendencies and processes.

AIM

was to study the patients' awareness on eye diseases and choice peculiarities of the information sources and medical institutions among various population age groups of Lutsk, Rivne and Ternopil cities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

the research was conducted as an anonymous questionnaire survey of respondents according to a specially designed integrated protocol by means of interviewing people at the streets of Lutsk (n=2000), Rivne (n=1500) and Ternopil (n=1500) cities.

RESULTS

there was conducted a research on the population awareness concerning vision problems, analysis of social factors and peculiarities of the choice of information sources about eye diseases and factors influencing the choice of a medical institution and an ophthalmologist. It was determined that younger population prefers private medical institutions in almost half of the cases (95% confidence interval (CI) of the private institution choice probability: 0,48-0,52), while older population prefers mainly state ones (95% CI of the choice probability: 0,71-0,74).

CONCLUSION

it was determined depending on the age, the range of people having vision problems varied from 22% in the "under 30 years" population group up to 76% in the "over 60 years" group, although at least 21,5% of the whole population realizing their problems do not address an ophthalmologist.