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Bonetti G, Michelini S, Donato K, Dhuli K, Medori MC, Micheletti C, Marceddu G, Herbst KL, Cristoni S, Fulcheri E, Buffelli F, Bertelli M. Targeting Mast Cells: Sodium Cromoglycate as a Possible Treatment of Lipedema. Clin Ter 2023; 174:256-262. [PMID: 37994773 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Mast cells are immune cells that mediate hypersensi-tivity and allergic reactions in the body, secreting histamine and other inflammatory molecules. They have been associated with different inflammatory conditions such as obesity and other adipose tissue di-sorders. Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue on the legs and arms, pain, and other symptoms. Mast cells may play a role in the pathology of lipedema. Objective Pilot study to determine levels of histamine and its metabolites in lipedema subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsy samples, and to test sodium cromoglycate for the treatment of mast cells in women with lipedema. Methods Biopsies from lipedema and control SAT were collected and analyzed histologically for the presence of mast cells. Mass spec-trometry was used to measure the levels of histamine, a key marker of mast cells, and its metabolites in SAT in women with lipedema and controls, and after a group of women with lipedema were administered oral and topical doses of sodium cromoglycate for two weeks. Results Histological examination of biopsies from lipedema patients confirmed the presence of mast cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed high levels of histamine and its metabolites in samples from women with lipedema compared to controls. Following a two-week treatment period, lipedema tissue samples exhibited reduced levels of histamine, suggesting a reduction of mast cell activity. Conclusion Sodium cromoglycate has the ability to stabilize mast cells and reduce histamine levels in lipedema patients, which could be useful in lowering the symptoms of lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bonetti
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - S Michelini
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Marino, Italy
| | - K Donato
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
| | - K Dhuli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | - G Marceddu
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Marino, Italy
| | - K L Herbst
- Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills, California, and Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - S Cristoni
- ISB Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Italy, Bresso, Milano, Italy
| | - E Fulcheri
- Division of Anatomic Pathology. Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Italy
| | - F Buffelli
- Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Italy
| | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
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Yildiz Türkyilmaz G, Özdokur KV, Alparslan L, Karasulu E. Sodium hyaluronate dry powder inhalation in combination with sodium cromoglycate prepared using optimized spray drying conditions. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:240-247. [PMID: 36730066 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2176517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sodium hyaluronate (SHA) is an anti-inflammatory and protective agent against bronchoconstriction, and sodium cromoglicate (SCG) prevents exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and inflammation. Based on the pharmacological properties of both substances, this study aimed to develop a dry powder inhaler (DPI) of SHA alone and in combination with SCG. The target of the study was to develop flowable formulations without any surfactants by using the spray drying method. To obtain respirable SHA and SCG:SHA particles, variables of the spray dryer, such as inlet temperature, atomized air flow, and feed solution, were changed. The particles 1-8 μm in size were produced with high yield by spray drying and increasing the ethanol percentage of the feed solution (60%), which is the most remarkable parameter. After that, physicochemical characterizations were performed. The aerosol performance of DPI formulations prepared using lactose was evaluated using Handihaler® DPI. The fine particle fraction (FPF) was 36% for the SHA formulation, whereas it was 52 and 53% for SCG and SHA, respectively, in the SCG:SHA formulation. Consequently, both particles were produced reproducibly by spray drying, and inhaled SHA and SCG:SHA dry powder formulations were developed due to their high FPF and flowability with lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbeyaz Yildiz Türkyilmaz
- Center For Drug R&D and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR), Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Volkan Özdokur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Levent Alparslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ercüment Karasulu
- Center For Drug R&D and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR), Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Keller Rosenthal N, Boucher D, Murrell DF. The efficacy of adding oral sodium cromoglycate to stable treatment for controlling bullous pemphigoid-related pruritus: A retrospective study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1051804. [PMID: 36569132 PMCID: PMC9773125 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1051804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease which mainly affects the elderly. It manifests as severe pruritus, urticarial plaques, and tense bullae and is associated with significant mortality. Therapy options for itch in BP patients are limited, mainly because the pathogenesis of itch in BP remains unclear. Sodium cromoglycate was commonly used in the past as an inhaled drug for the management of bronchial asthma and as an oral treatment for children with urticaria pigmentosa. In this study we sought to assess its efficacy in reducing BP associated itch. Objective Assessing the efficacy of oral sodium cromoglycate in reducing BP-related pruritus after stabilization of disease activity. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of BP who were treated with sodium cromoglycate. Patient reported outcome measures (PROM) including: BPDAI pruritus, ABQOL and TABQOL, and BPDAI activity score were compared at two points in time: before commencing treatment with sodium cromoglycate or before commencing maximal dose of this treatment, and at least 4 weeks after treatment commencement. Results A total of 21 patients met the inclusion criteria. After at least 4 weeks of treatment with oral sodium cromoglycate BPDAI pruritus, ABQOL and TABQOL scores were statistically significantly decreased compared to the scores prior to treatment commencement, P < 0.000, P < 0.008, and P < 0.004, respectively. Discussion Oral treatment with sodium cromoglycate for the management of pruritus in BP patients may be beneficial, however, further prospective studies are required to better assess its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Keller Rosenthal
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Noy Keller Rosenthal,
| | - Darby Boucher
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dedee F. Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Dedee F. Murrell,
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Alwadani S. Safety and efficacy of sodium cromoglycate-fluorometholone fixed combination eye drops in allergic conjunctivitis. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2022; 36:107-112. [PMID: 35971498 PMCID: PMC9375451 DOI: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_208_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of sodium cromoglycate with fluorometholone in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS We conducted a single-arm phase IV open-label trial where fifty patients who received the eye drops were followed for 4 weeks. Treatment efficacy was assessed using the ocular itching score, conjunctival assessment score, total symptom and sign (TSS) score, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS Patients who received sodium cromoglycate-fluorometholone eye drops experienced significant improvements in their ocular itching score (mean difference [MD]: 1.14, P < 0.001) and conjunctival redness score (MD: 1.18, P < 0.001). Statistically significant improvements in TSS and VAS were achieved in 78% of the patients reporting no conjunctivitis by the end of the study. The overall therapeutic response to the drug was as follows: 16% improved and 84% much improved. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Sodium cromoglycate with fluorometholone eye drops achieved 100% therapeutic response among patients with allergic conjunctivitis. The eye drops improve the ocular itching, and conjunctival irritation without serious adverse events. This combination appears effective and tolerable for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alwadani
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Saeed Alwadani, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Shah RP, Bharate SS. Analytical Methods for Furanochromone Natural Product, Khellin and Its Inspired Drug Candidates, Amiodarone and Sodium Cromoglycate. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35776740 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2094198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Khellin is the key furanocoumarin of Ammi visnaga L. (Lam.) that exhibits various biological properties. This unique natural product has inspired the discovery of two first-in-class drugs, amiodarone and sodium cromoglycate. A wide range of analytical methods were generated while translating khellin scaffold into clinically used drugs; however, they have never been reviewed and critically assessed. The present review aims to review and evaluate the analytical techniques for the natural products, khellin, visnagin, and their inspired drugs, amiodarone and sodium cromoglycate. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the extensively used technique in most analytical methods reported for these compounds; however, other techniques including the fluorimetry, luminescence spectrophotometry, potentiometry, voltammetry, FT-Raman spectroscopy, and ELISA were also employed. The review will be helpful for further basic and translational research on furanochromone and related scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj P Shah
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
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Segovia-Oropeza M, Santiago-Castañeda C, Orozco-Suárez SA, Concha L, Rocha L. Sodium Cromoglycate Decreases Sensorimotor Impairment and Hippocampal Alterations Induced by Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2595-2603. [PMID: 32484040 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in significant functional disturbances in the hippocampus. Studies support that sodium cromoglycate (CG) induces neuroprotective effects. This study focused on investigating the effects of post-TBI subchronic administration of CG on hippocampal hyperexcitability and damage as well as on sensorimotor impairment in rats. In contrast to the control group (Sham+SS group), animals undergoing severe TBI (TBI+SS group) showed sensorimotor dysfunction over the experimental post-TBI period (day 2, 55%, p < 0.001; day 23, 39.5%, p < 0.001; day 30, 38.6%, p < 0.01). On day 30 post-TBI, TBI+SS group showed neuronal hyperexcitability (63.3%, p < 0.01). The hippocampus ipsilateral to the injury showed volume reduction (14.4%, p < 0.001) with a volume of damage of 0.15 ± 0.09 mm3. These changes were associated with neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus (ipsilateral, 33%, p < 0.05); hilus (ipsilateral, 77%, p < 0.001; contralateral, 51%, p < 0.001); Cornu Ammonis (CA)1 (ipsilateral, 40%, p < 0.01), and CA3 (ipsilateral, 52%, p < 0.001; contralateral, 34%, p < 0.01). Animals receiving subchronic treatment with CG (50 mg/kg, s.c. daily for 10 days) after TBI (TBI+CG group) displayed a sensorimotor dysfunction less evident than that of the TBI+SS group (p < 0.001). Their hippocampal excitability was similar to that of the Sham+SS group (p = 0.21). The TBI+CG group presented hippocampal volume reduction (12.7%, p = 0.94) and damage (0.10 ± 0.03 mm3, p > 0.99) similar to the TBI+SS group. However, their hippocampal neuronal preservation was similar to that of the Sham+SS group. These results indicate that CG represents an appropriate and novel pharmacological strategy to reduce the long-term sensorimotor impairment and hippocampal damage and hyperexcitability that result as consequences of severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Concha
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kaur G, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Mast cells in neuropathic pain: an increasing spectrum of their involvement in pathophysiology. Rev Neurosci 2018; 28:759-766. [PMID: 28688228 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are immunological cells that are diversely distributed in different parts of the body. Their role in various pathological conditions such as hypersensitivity, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and male infertility has been reported by different scientists. Apart from these, a number of studies have shown their important role in pathogenesis of neuropathic pain of diverse aetiology. They have been found to release active mediators, primarily histamine and serotonin on degranulation in response to different stimuli including chemical, nerve damage, toxin or disease-related conditions. The mast cells stabilizer has shown pain attenuating effects by preventing degranulation of mast cells. Similarly, compound 48/80 (first dose 200 μg/100 g and after 6-h interval, second dose of 500 μg/100 g) caused the degranulation of the accumulated endoneurial histamine and 5-HT antagonists have shown pain relieving effects by attenuating the effects of histamine and serotonin, respectively. On the other hand, the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 has shown dual action depending on its time of administration. The present review discusses the critical role of mast cells in the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain in experimental models.
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Gallo L, Bucalá V, Ramírez-Rigo MV. Formulation and Characterization of Polysaccharide Microparticles for Pulmonary Delivery of Sodium Cromoglycate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1634-1645. [PMID: 27659025 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium cromoglycate (SC) is an antiasthmatic and antiallergenic drug commonly used for chronic inhalation therapy; however, many daily intakes are required due to the fast drug clearance from airways. For these reasons, SC polymeric particles for inhalatory administration with adequate aerosolization and mucoadhesive properties were designed to prolong the drug residence time in the site of action. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa), sodium hyaluronate, and sodium alginate were selected to co-process SC by spray drying. The influence of these polysaccharides on the spray drying process and powder quality was evaluated (among others, morphology, size, moisture content, hygroscopicity, flowability, densities, liquid sorption, and stability). In vitro aerosolization, drug release, and mucoadhesion performance were also studied. Particularly, a novel method to comparatively evaluate the interaction between formulations and mucin solution (mucoadhesion test) was proposed as a rapid methodology to measure adhesion properties of inhalable particles, being the results as indicative of clearance probability. Among all the studied formulations, the powder based on SC and CMCNa exhibited the best mucoadhesion and aerosolization performance, the highest process yield and adequate moisture content, hygroscopicity, and stability. SC-CMCNa formulation arose as a promising inhalatory system to reduce the daily intakes and to increase the patient compliance.
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Han D, Wei T, Zhang S, Wang M, Tian H, Cheng J, Xiao J, Hu Y, Chen M. The therapeutic effects of sodium cromoglycate against influenza A virus H5N1 in mice. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 10:57-66. [PMID: 26176755 PMCID: PMC4687497 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify the protective role of sodium cromoglycate in mice during influenza virus infection. Design H5N1 virus‐infected mice were treated with the mast cell stabilizer sodium cromoglycate (SCG) to investigate its therapeutic effect. Sample The nose, trachea and lungs from mice were collected. Main outcome measures Virus replication and host responses were determined by plaque assay, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and histology. Results SCG‐treated mice survived better than did PBS‐treated mice after H5N1 virus infection. Mild pathological changes with fewer inflammatory cell infiltration and fewer virus antigens were observed in the nose, trachea, and lungs of SCG‐treated mice on days 3 and 5 post‐infection. However, no significant changes in viral load in the lungs were detected between SCG‐ and PBS‐treated mice. Furthermore, significantly decreased expression of interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐a, Toll‐like receptor 3, and TIR‐domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐b was detected in the lungs of SCG‐treated mice, and no higher expression of interferon‐c was detected. Conclusion These results suggest that SCG has therapeutic roles in H5N1 virus‐infected mice by alleviating the inflammatory response rather than inhibition of viral replication in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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El-Shitany NA, El-Desoky K. Cromoglycate, not ketotifen, ameliorated the injured effect of warm ischemia/reperfusion in rat liver: role of mast cell degranulation, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5237-46. [PMID: 26396497 PMCID: PMC4577270 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s88337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (ISCH/REP) is a major clinical problem that is considered to be the most common cause of postoperative liver failure. Recently, mast cells have been proposed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of ISCH/REP in many organs. In contrast, the role played by mast cells during ISCH/REP-induced liver damage has remained an issue of debate. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of mast cells in order to search for an effective therapeutic agent that could protect against fatal ISCH/REP-induced liver damage. A model of warm ISCH/REP was induced in the liver of rats. Four groups of rats were used in this study: Group I: SHAM (normal saline, intravenously [iv]); Group II: ISCH/REP; Group III: sodium cromoglycate + ISCH/REP (CROM + ISCH/REP), and Group IV: ketotifen (KET) + ISCH/REP (KET + ISCH/REP). Liver damage was assessed both histopathologically and biochemically. Mast cell degranulation was assessed histochemically. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the formation of nitric oxide (NO), and the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were determined. The results of this study revealed increased mast cell degranulation in the liver during the acute phase of ISCH/REP. Moreover, CROM, but not KET, decreased the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactic dehydrogenase and maintained normal liver tissue histology. Both CROM and KET protected against mast cell degranulation in the liver. In addition, both CROM and KET decreased IL-6 and TNF-α. However, CROM, but not KET, decreased MDA formation and increased GSH. Furthermore, KET, but not CROM, increased both NO formation and iNOS expression. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated mast cell degranulation in warm ISCH/REP in the liver of rats. More importantly, CROM, but not KET, ameliorated the effect of ISCH/REP-induced injury in rat liver. CROM may protect the liver through mast cell stabilization, inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, and iNOS and increased GSH. KET may maintain ISCH/REP-induced liver injury through the NO/iNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla A El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Karema El-Desoky
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Hao C, Liu S, Li D, Yang J, He Y. Sensitive detection of sodium cromoglycate with glutathione-capped CdTe quantum dots as a novel fluorescence probe. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:1112-8. [PMID: 25683844 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and simple analytical strategy for the detection of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) has been established based on a readily detectable fluorescence quenching effect of SCG for glutathione-capped (GSH-capped) CdTe quantum dots (QDs). The fluorescence of GSH-capped CdTe QDs could be efficiently quenched by SCG through electron transfer from GSH-capped CdTe QDs to SCG. Under optimum conditions, the response was linearly proportional to the concentration of SCG between 0.6419 and 100 µg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9964; the detection limit (3δ/K) was 0.1926 µg/mL. The optimum conditions and the influence of coexisting foreign substances on the reaction were also investigated. The very effective and simple method reported here has been successfully applied to the determination of SCG in synthetic and real samples. It is believed that the established approach could have good prospects for application in the fields of clinical diseases diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hao
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaopu Liu
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Yang
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, Wanzhou, 404000, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiu He
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
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Stănescu AA. The Evaluation of Concentration - In-Vitro Release Relationship for Topical Semisolid Formulations of Sodium Cromoglycate. Curr Health Sci J 2015; 41:368-74. [PMID: 30538844 DOI: 10.12865/CHSJ.41.04.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentration - in-vitro release relationship for topical semisolid formulations of sodium cromoglycate. Materials / Methods. According to usual pharmaceutical compounding practice, commercially available cosmetic emulsions were used as vehicles for topical semisolid dosage forms containing 0.5, 2, 4 and 10% disodium cromoglycate (CS). The in-vitro release profiles and structural parameters of the resulting formulations was evaluated in a correlated manner, in order to reveal potential differences in the in-vivo performance. RESULTS Depending on the hydro-lipophilic characteristics of the vehicle and on the quantity of drug dissolved or dispersed, the structure and the release kinetics are distinct. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that current lack of an unitary approach for the compounding of semisolid dosage forms of CS, resulting from the lack of widely available, standardized dosage form could be a reasonable explanation for the apparent discrepancy in the reports of clinical outcome after topical administration.
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Srivastava V, Viswanathaswamy A, Mohan G. Determination of the antiulcer properties of sodium cromoglycate in pylorus-ligated albino rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2010; 42:185-8. [PMID: 20871772 PMCID: PMC2937322 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.66844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the ulcer protective property of sodium cromoglycate in pylorusligated rats and the biochemical role in ulcer protection by various biochemical tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ulcer protective effect of sodium cromoglycate was studied using a Pyloric Ligation Model using Wistar albino rats. The antiulcer effect of sodium cromoglycate 40 mg/kg b.w., i.p., was compared with the reference drug ranitidine 27 mg/kg b.w., i.p. The ulcer index was calculated and other biochemical parameters like free acidity, total acidity, pH, mucin, pepsin and volume of gastric juice were determined. RESULTS Pylorus ligation showed a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index as compared to the control. CONCLUSION Sodium cromoglycate has activity equipotent to ranitidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, KLE Society College of Pharmacy, Hubli, India
| | | | - Govind Mohan
- Department of Pharmacology, S.N. Medical College, Agra, India
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Peltonen L, Koistinen P, Karjalainen M, Häkkinen A, Hirvonen J. The effect of cosolvents on the formulation of nanoparticles from low-molecular-weight poly(l)lactide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2002; 3:E32. [PMID: 12916926 PMCID: PMC2751340 DOI: 10.1208/pt030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate nanoparticles from poly(l)lactide by a modified nanoprecipitation method. The main focus was to study the effect of cosolvent selection on the shape, size, formation efficiency, degree of crystallinity, x-ray diffraction (XRD) reflection pattern, and zeta potential value of the particles. Low-molecular-weight (2000 g/mol) poly(l)lactide was used as a polymer, and sodium cromoglycate was used as a drug. Acetone, ethanol, and methanol were selected as cosolvents. Optimal nanoparticles were achieved with ethanol as a cosolvent, and the formation efficiency of the particles was also higher with ethanol as compared with acetone or methanol. The particles formulated by ethanol and acetone appeared round and smooth, while with methanol they were slightly angular. When the volume of the inner phase was decreased during the nanoprecipitation process, the mean particle size was also decreased with all the solvents, but the particles were more prone to aggregate. The XRD reflection pattern and the degree of crystallinity were more dependent on the amount of the solvents in the inner phase than on the properties of the individual cosolvents. The zeta potential values of all the particle batches were slightly negative, which partially explains the increased tendency toward particle aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Peltonen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center, Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
AIMS To determine if a urinary excretion method, previously described for salbutamol, could also indicate the relative bioavailability of sodium cromoglycate to the lung following inhalation from a metered dose inhaler. Method Inhaled (INH), inhaled+oral charcoal (INHC), oral (ORAL) and oral+oral charcoal (ORALC) 20 mg doses of sodium cromoglycate were given via a randomised cross-over design to 11 healthy volunteers trained on how to use a metered dose inhaler. Urine samples were collected at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and up to 24 h post dosing and the sodium cromoglycate urinary concentration was measured using a high performance liquid chromatographic method. RESULTS No sodium cromoglycate was detected in the urine up to 24 h following ORALC dosing. A mean (s.d.) of 3.6 (4.3) microg, 10.4 (10.9) microg and 83.7 (71.1) microg of the ORAL dose was excreted, in the urine, during the 0.5, 1.0 and 24 h post dose collection periods, respectively. Following INH dosing, the renal excretion was significantly higher (P<0.01) with 32.9 (14.5) microg, 61.2 (28.3) microg and 305.6 (82.3) microg excreted, respectively. The SCG excreted at 0.5, 1.0 and 24 h collection periods following INHC dosing were 26.3 (8.4) microg, 49.3 (18.1) microg and 184.9 (98.4) microg, respectively. There was no significant difference between the excretion rate of sodium cromoglycate following INHC when compared with INH dosing in the first 0.5 and 1.0 h. CONCLUSIONS The urinary excretion of sodium cromoglycate in the first 0.5 h post inhalation can be used to compare the relative lung deposition of two inhaled products or of the same product using different inhalation techniques. This represents the relative bioavailability of sodium cromoglycate to the lung following inhalation. Similar 24 h urinary excretion of sodium cromoglycate can be use to compare the total dose delivered to the body from two different inhalation products/inhalation methods. This represents the relative bioavailability of sodium cromoglycate to the body following inhalation. Because of the lack of difference between the INH and INHC in the first 0.5 h, the use of activated charcoal is not necessary when this method is used to compare the relative lung bioavailability of different products or techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Aswania
- Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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