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Wang L, Chen Z, Xu Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhu J, Guo X, Tang D, Gu Z. A new approach of using organ-on-a-chip and fluid-structure interaction modeling to investigate biomechanical characteristics in tissue-engineered blood vessels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210826. [PMID: 37275235 PMCID: PMC10237315 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) has been developed and used in cardiovascular disease modeling, preclinical drug screening, and for replacement of native diseased arteries. Increasing attention has been paid to biomechanical cues in TEBV and other tissue-engineered organs to better recapitulate the functional properties of the native organs. Currently, computational fluid dynamics models were employed to reveal the hydrodynamics in TEBV-on-a-chip. However, the biomechanical wall stress/strain conditions in the TEBV wall have never been investigated. In this paper, a straight cylindrical TEBV was placed into a polydimethylsiloxane-made microfluidic device to construct the TEBV-on-a-chip. The chip was then perfused with cell culture media flow driven by a peristaltic pump. A three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model was generated to simulate the biomechanical conditions in TEBV and mimic both the dynamic TEBV movement and pulsatile fluid flow. The material stiffness of the TEBV wall was determined by uniaxial tensile testing, while the viscosity of cell culture media was measured using a rheometer. Comparison analysis between the perfusion experiment and FSI model results showed that the average relative error in diameter expansion of TEBV from both approaches was 10.0% in one period. For fluid flow, the average flow velocity over a period was 2.52 cm/s from the FSI model, 10.5% higher than the average velocity of the observed cell clusters (2.28 mm/s) in the experiment. These results demonstrated the facility to apply the FSI modeling approach in TEBV to obtain more comprehensive biomechanical results for investigating mechanical mechanisms of cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Guo
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Dalin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Mathematical Sciences Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou, China
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Salmon EE, Breithaupt JJ, Truskey GA. Application of Oxidative Stress to a Tissue-Engineered Vascular Aging Model Induces Endothelial Cell Senescence and Activation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051292. [PMID: 32455928 PMCID: PMC7290800 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have established a connection between oxidative stress, aging, and atherogenesis. These factors contribute to senescence and inflammation in the endothelium and significant reductions in endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity in aged patients. Tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) recapitulate the structure and function of arteries and arterioles in vitro. We developed a TEBV model for vascular senescence and examined the relative influence of endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell senescence on vasoreactivity. Senescence was induced in 2D endothelial cell cultures and TEBVs by exposure to 100 µM H2O2 for one week to model chronic oxidative stress. H2O2 treatment significantly increased senescence in endothelial cells and mural cells, human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (hNDFs), as measured by increased p21 levels and reduced NOS3 expression. Although H2O2 treatment induced senescence in both the endothelial cells (ECs) and hNDFs, the functional effects on the vasculature were endothelium specific. Expression of the leukocyte adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was increased in the ECs, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation decreased. Vasoconstriction and endothelium-independent vasodilation were preserved despite mural cell senescence. The results suggest that the functional effects of vascular cell senescence are dominated by the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Salmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | | | - George A. Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-919-660-5147
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Atchison L, Abutaleb NO, Snyder-Mounts E, Gete Y, Ladha A, Ribar T, Cao K, Truskey GA. iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells Affect Vascular Function in a Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessel Model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:325-337. [PMID: 32032552 PMCID: PMC7013250 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare disorder caused by a point mutation in the Lamin A gene that produces the protein progerin. Progerin toxicity leads to accelerated aging and death from cardiovascular disease. To elucidate the effects of progerin on endothelial cells, we prepared tissue-engineered blood vessels (viTEBVs) using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived smooth muscle cells (viSMCs) and endothelial cells (viECs) from HGPS patients. HGPS viECs aligned with flow but exhibited reduced flow-responsive gene expression and altered NOS3 levels. Relative to viTEBVs with healthy cells, HGPS viTEBVs showed reduced function and exhibited markers of cardiovascular disease associated with endothelium. HGPS viTEBVs exhibited a reduction in both vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Preparing viTEBVs with HGPS viECs and healthy viSMCs only reduced vasodilation. Furthermore, HGPS viECs produced VCAM1 and E-selectin protein in TEBVs with healthy or HGPS viSMCs. In summary, the viTEBV model has identified a role of the endothelium in HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Atchison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadia O Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Yantenew Gete
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alim Ladha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Ribar
- Duke iPSC Shared Resource Facility at Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Cong X, Zhang SM, Batty L, Luo J. Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Generating Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels as Vascular Grafts. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1581-1594. [PMID: 31663439 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In pace with the advancement of tissue engineering during recent decades, tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) have been generated using primary seed cells, and their impressive success in clinical trials have demonstrated the great potential of these TEBVs as implantable vascular grafts in human regenerative medicine. However, the production, therapeutic efficacy, and readiness in emergencies of current TEBVs could be hindered by the accessibility, expandability, and donor-donor variation of patient-specific primary seed cells. Alternatively, using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to derive seed vascular cells for vascular tissue engineering could fundamentally address this current dilemma in TEBV production. As an emerging research field with a promising future, the generation of hiPSC-based TEBVs has been reported recently with significant progress. Simultaneously, to further promote hiPSC-based TEBVs into vascular grafts for clinical use, several challenges related to the safety, readiness, and structural integrity of vascular tissue need to be addressed. Herein, this review will focus on the evolution and role of hiPSCs in vascular tissue engineering technology and summarize the current progress, challenges, and future directions of research on hiPSC-based TEBVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Cong
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cardiology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luke Batty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Stem Cell Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Nycz CJ, Strobel HA, Suqui K, Grosha J, Fischer GS, Rolle MW. A Method for High-Throughput Robotic Assembly of Three-Dimensional Vascular Tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1251-1260. [PMID: 30638142 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Self-assembled tissues have potential to serve both as implantable grafts and as tools for disease modeling and drug screening. For these applications, tissue production must ultimately be scaled-up and automated. Limited technologies exist for precisely manipulating self-assembled tissues, which are fragile early in culture. Here, we presented a method for automatically stacking self-assembled smooth muscle cell rings onto mandrels, using a custom-designed well plate and robotic punch system. Rings then fuse into tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs). This is a critical step toward automating TEBV production that may be applied to other tubular tissues as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Nycz
- Robotics Engineering Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah A Strobel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kathy Suqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jonian Grosha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory S Fischer
- Robotics Engineering Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Galbraith T, Roy V, Bourget JM, Tsutsumi T, Picard-Deland M, Morin JF, Gauvin R, Ismail AA, Auger FA, Gros-Louis F. Cell Seeding on UV-C-Treated 3D Polymeric Templates Allows for Cost-Effective Production of Small-Caliber Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800306. [PMID: 30488607 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong clinical need to develop small-caliber tissue-engineered blood vessels for arterial bypass surgeries. Such substitutes can be engineered using the self-assembly approach in which cells produce their own extracellular matrix (ECM), creating a robust vessel without exogenous material. However, this approach is currently limited to the production of flat sheets that need to be further rolled into the final desired tubular shape. In this study, human fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were seeded directly on UV-C-treated cylindrical polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG) mandrels of 4.8 mm diameter. UV-C treatment induced surface modification, confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, was necessary to ensure proper cellular attachment and optimized ECM secretion/assembly. This novel approach generated solid tubular conduits with high level of cohesion between concentric cellular layers and enhanced cell-driven circumferential alignment that can be manipulated after 21 days of culture. This simple and cost-effective mandrel-seeded approach also allowed for endothelialization of the construct and the production of perfusable trilayered tissue-engineered blood vessels with a closed lumen. This study lays the foundation for a broad field of possible applications enabling custom-made reconstructed tissues of specialized shapes using a surface treated 3D structure as a template for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Galbraith
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Vincent Roy
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Bourget
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Tamao Tsutsumi
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Picard-Deland
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Gauvin
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ashraf A Ismail
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François A Auger
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Strobel HA, Hookway TA, Piola M, Fiore GB, Soncini M, Alsberg E, Rolle MW. Assembly of Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels with Spatially Controlled Heterogeneities. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1492-1503. [PMID: 29724157 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered human blood vessels may enable in vitro disease modeling and drug screening to accelerate advances in vascular medicine. Existing methods for tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) fabrication create homogenous tubes not conducive to modeling the focal pathologies characteristic of certain vascular diseases. We developed a system for generating self-assembled human smooth muscle cell (SMC) ring units, which were fused together into TEBVs. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of modular assembly and fusion of ring building units to fabricate spatially controlled, heterogeneous tissue tubes. We first aimed to enhance fusion and reduce total culture time, and determined that reducing ring preculture duration improved tube fusion. Next, we incorporated electrospun polymer ring units onto tube ends as reinforced extensions, which allowed us to cannulate tubes after only 7 days of fusion, and culture tubes with luminal flow in a custom bioreactor. To create focal heterogeneities, we incorporated gelatin microspheres into select ring units during self-assembly, and fused these rings between ring units without microspheres. Cells within rings maintained their spatial position along tissue tubes after fusion. Because tubes fabricated from primary SMCs did not express contractile proteins, we also fabricated tubes from human mesenchymal stem cells, which expressed smooth muscle alpha actin and SM22-α. This work describes a platform approach for creating modular TEBVs with spatially defined structural heterogeneities, which may ultimately be applied to mimic focal diseases such as intimal hyperplasia or aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Strobel
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Tracy A Hookway
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts.,2 The Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease , San Francisco, California.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University , Binghamton, New York
| | - Marco Piola
- 4 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | | | - Monica Soncini
- 4 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Eben Alsberg
- 5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio.,6 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marsha W Rolle
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
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