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Wang JY, Zhang KG, Ruan JX, Chen W, Wang L. Shift in HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Factors Associated with False Positives for HIV Testing: A Retrospective Study from 2013 to 2018 in Xi'an, China. Curr HIV Res 2021; 18:219-226. [PMID: 32294041 PMCID: PMC7475938 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200415123607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, although quite a few bold programmes have been made for HIV/AIDS, the epidemic has still shown an increasing trend. OBJECTIVES The study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of new HIV/AIDS and the major factors of false positives (FP) for HIV testing. METHODS A retrospective review was performed in a teaching hospital in Xi'an between 2013 and 2018. The overall characteristics and trends of new HIV/AIDS were described. Moreover, the major factors of FP were determined by the Pareto analysis. RESULTS A total of 469 new HIV/AIDS were diagnosed, with an increasing prevalence of the new HIV/AIDS from 0.0626% (41/65503) in 2013 to 0.0827% (115/139046) in 2018. Of them, the majority occurred in the males (88.50%), people aged 21-50 years (76.97%), migrants (60.98%), and sexual contact route (88.70%). There was a rapid increase in the annual number of new HIV/AIDS and increasing trends in groups of young individuals, students, and homosexual mode; however, a downward trend in the percentage of injecting drug use was also observed. Over 50 years old and patients from oncology, obstetrics, hepatobiliary surgery, nephrology, cardiology, and infectious disease constituted the major factors of FP. CONCLUSION The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Xi'an is still evolving, therefore, effective strategies, appropriate education and scaling up HIV testing should be developed. In addition, old adults and specific departments were associated with FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai-Ge Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Xiong Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Linchuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Mozafari M, Tariverdian T, Beynaghi A. Trends in Biotechnology at the Turn of the Millennium. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2020; 14:78-82. [PMID: 31549958 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666190924162831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of biotechnology has gained wide popularity by the time. There is, of course, some anecdotal evidence as to what topics are currently considered the most prominent and how they can be compared to the common perception of which research topics were considered "trendy" years ago. OBJECTIVE A thorough search of exact time frames can help us quantitatively determine the evolution of prominent biotechnology research topics since the turn of the century. METHODS A text data mining approach has been followed to better identify the emerging trends and perspectives in biotechnology, taking a look back at how the focus of research and innovation in biotechnology has shifted, evolved and impacted the human race over the past three decades. RESULTS The extent of biotechnology today is vast, however, the most important newly developed research themes and patents largely influence human healthcare, affecting hundreds of millions of people who use grafts, devices, diagnostics, treatment and delivery systems. Even if biotechnology is very much focused on healthcare, there is also focus on other specialized concepts, such as biofuel, biocatalyst, food, agriculture and water purification, which have a strong influence on the research topics studied today. CONCLUSION We are in the process of developing the practice of medicine through pioneering advances in biotechnology research and innovation. As companies continue to develop emerging treatment strategies (involving gene therapy, stem cells, nanomedicine and new drug delivery systems) that address significant unmet needs, future innovations in biotechnology research will bring exciting new advancements to help millions of more people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Tariverdian
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Beynaghi
- Futures Studies Research Institute and Office of Sustainability, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Medeiros MRB, de Mello Alves Rodrigues AC, Alves MR, Silva RCFE, Felício LFF, Carneiro LSF, Fagundes DF, Machado S, Monteiro-Junior RS. Bibliometrics of CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets: An International Evolution Along Time. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2018; 18:239-244. [PMID: 30588889 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666181227123924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHOD To investigate trends in the scientific evolution of the journal CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets in the neuroscience scope, we compared the contribution of publications between this journal and others from different geographical regions of the world. To track research output we conducted a bibliometric analysis of neuroscience research based on the SCimago Journal and Country Rank® from 2003 to 2017. Journal rankings were verified according to the following inclusion criteria: journals publishing the neuroscience scope and sub-areas; geographical location and journal trajectory. Additionally, the total number of original, peer-reviewed and conference articles was analyzed using bibliometric tools. RESULTS Results showed that Europe, North America and the Middle East have been the greatest contributors of neuroscience publications. Nevertheless, there is a huge discrepancy in the number of journals per region. Until 2017, Europe was on top with 85 journals in the neuroscience field. Moreover, research on neuroscience displayed a swift expanding trend, with significant growth in recent years. CONCLUSION In spite of CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets being a recent journal, it is an international journal emphasizing quality and innovations, and it is a hallmark on the scientific production in neuroscience. Research articles on the scope of the potential role of endocannabinoid systems in central appetite control and in obesity management and the potential of minocycline use in schizophrenia are paramount examples of innovation. Final results will help scientific researchers to know the current interests in neuroscience and provide useful information for further investigation and publication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Rocha Alves
- Departament of Physical Education, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lara S F Carneiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, GERON Research Community, Portugal.,University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Daniel Ferreira Fagundes
- Post-Graduate Programo of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Post-Graduate Programo of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil.,Departament of Physical Education, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil.,Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Xi B, Zhang T, Zhang M, Liu F, Zong X, Zhao M, Wang Y. Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure Among US Children and Adolescents: 1999-2012. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:217-25. [PMID: 26158854 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) has been reported to increase significantly among the US children and adolescents from 1988-1994 to 1999-2008. We aimed to examine the recent trends in BP levels and prevalence of elevated BP, as well as related influencing factors among US children and adolescents. METHODS Data of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2012 were combined into 3 time periods (1999-2002, 2003-2008, and 2009-2012) for the analysis. A total of 14,270 US children and adolescents aged 8-17 years were included in the current analysis. The sex-, age-, and height-BP standards recommended by the US Fourth Report were used to define high BP and elevated BP (including pre-HBP and HBP). RESULTS Mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) decreased by 0.7 and 4.2mm Hg from 1999-2002 to 2009-2012, respectively. In 2009-2012, the prevalence of elevated BP and HBP in children and adolescents were 9.6% and 1.6%, with the absolute reduction of 2.8% and 1.3% from 1999-2002 to 2009-2012, respectively. In addition, daily intakes of total energy, carbohydrate, total saturated fatty acids, and caffeine decreased during the period between 1999-2002 and 2009-2012 (all P < 0.05), whereas daily intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mean BP levels as well as the prevalence of elevated BP and HBP among US children and adolescents have declined during the past decade. In addition, there might be an associated change in dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meixian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinnan Zong
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Youfa Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Chorin E, Hassidim A, Hartal M, Havakuk O, Flint N, Ziv-Baran T, Arbel Y. Trends in Adolescents Obesity and the Association between BMI and Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study in 714,922 Healthy Teenagers. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:1157-63. [PMID: 25736450 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventeen percent of youth in the United States are obese. Obesity has been linked to higher prevalence of hypertension. Past studies were limited by their size and conflicting results. The aim of this study was to analyze trends in adolescents' obesity between 1998 and 2011 and to evaluate the relationship between blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in healthy adolescents. METHODS All adolescents who underwent a medical exam in the years 1998-2011 and were found fit for combat duties in the Israeli Defense Force were included. RESULTS The cohort included 714,922 healthy adolescents with 59% of them being males. The mean age was 17.4±0.45 and mean BMI was 22±3.5 kg/m(2). The percentage of overweight adolescents (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)) has increased from 13.2% in 1998 to 21% in 2011, P < 0.001. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with increasing BMI deciles (systolic blood pressure by 10mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 3-4mm Hg from the 1st decile to the 10th decile, P < 0.001 for both). In multivariate analysis, each increase of 1 unit of BMI was associated with an increased risk of systolic blood pressure above 130 mm Hg in both males (OR = 1.108, 95% CI 1.107-1.110, P < 0.001) and females (OR = 1.114, 95% CI 1.139-1.146, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS BMI in adolescents is significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in both genders and in both the normal weight and overweight groups. There has been consistent trend of increasing BMI values over recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Chorin
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Michael Hartal
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Israel; The Department of Military Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Havakuk
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Flint
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron Arbel
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
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Chen X, Wei W, Zou S, Wu X, Zhou B, Fu L, Wang H, Shi J. Trends in the prevalence of hypertension in island and coastal areas of china: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1503-10. [PMID: 24610901 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the economic development in recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of hypertension in some coastal cities of China; however, the number of reports regarding the prevalence of hypertension based on a nationwide study of island and coastal areas of China is limited. We estimated the prevalence and described the trends of hypertension during the last 3 decades in these specific areas. METHODS Authoritative databases were searched for cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of hypertension in island and coastal areas of China published in the past 3 decades, and 37 studies that involved 760,428 individuals representing 22 different locations were identified and included in our analysis. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of hypertension was 9.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.3%-14.9%) in the 1980s, 18.5% (95% CI = 13.6%-24.8%) in the 1990s, and 30.0% (95% CI = 26.7%-33.6%) in the 2000s (χ(2) for trend: P = 0.00). In the 2000s, adjusted prevalence estimate of hypertension was 21.6% according to the national standard population composition in 1990, and the pooled prevalence estimate for the northern region in coastal areas of China was significantly higher than the southern region (36.2% vs. 26.2%; P = 0.002). Thus, the prevalence of hypertension in the island and coastal areas of China appears to have increased 21.5% in the last 3 decades; the increasing trend was observed in men and women. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the urgent need for public health strategies with more emphasis on improvement of primary health care in the island and coastal areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Safeng Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Central Hospital of Dalian Municipal, Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingyu Fu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingpu Shi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China;
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Lao XQ, Xu YJ, Wong MCS, Zhang YH, Ma WJ, Xu XJ, Cai QM, Xu HF, Wei XL, Tang JL, Griffiths SM. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and associated factors in a developing southern Chinese population: analysis of serial cross-sectional health survey data 2002-2010. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:1335-45. [PMID: 23846723 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate trends in the distribution, prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in a Chinese population that has had the fastest growing gross domestic product in the world over the past 3 decades. METHODS Four standardized cross-sectional health surveys were conducted between 2002 and 2010 in a population consisting of 85 million residents in Guangdong Province. Multistage cluster sampling was adopted to recruit representative samples. The data were obtained through on-site health examinations and face-to-face interviews. RESULTS The aging trend in this population was not significant (P = 0.17) during the survey period, whereas body mass index/waist circumference increased significantly (P = 0.047 for body mass index and P < 0.001 for waist circumference). The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension increased from 10.5% to 13.3%, averaging a 0.35% increase per year. A higher risk was observed in younger residents over the survey period. Awareness and treatment increased by 22.0% and 19.0%, respectively, in the rural areas, whereas there was no significant change in the urban area (the corresponding figures were 1.8% and -3.1%, respectively). There was no improvement in hypertension control (the age-standardized control prevalence in 2002 was 50.3%, whereas it was 43.2% in 2010). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypertension increased slightly in this population with the fastest economic development. This increase mirrored the trend of increasing obesity. Awareness and treatment of hypertension have improved in the rural areas, although there were no significant changes in the urban areas. The prevalence of awareness and treatment remains at unacceptably low levels, suggesting that urgent and aggressive strategies are necessary to improve hypertension control and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qian Lao
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Jun Xu
- Guangdong Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Martin Chi Sang Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Hui Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Jun Ma
- Guangdong Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Jun Xu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu Mao Cai
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Feng Xu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin Wei
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jin Ling Tang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sian Meryl Griffiths
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Abstract
This article explores trends and correlates of Chicago's opiate-related overdose (OD) deaths. We manually examined data from every death certificate filed between 1999 and 2003 to identify all Chicago residents' accidental deaths involving acute intoxication with illicit opiates, OD, or opiate poisoning. The analysis includes an examination of contextual characteristics in 77 Chicago neighborhoods. Negative binomial regression analysis permits the calculation of incidence rate ratios (IRR) associated with time trends. OD incidence peaked in 2000 and then declined markedly by 2003 [year 2000-2003 IRR = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.54, 0.78)]. Over the 2000-2003 period, overall incidence of fatal OD declined by 34%. Over this period, the sharpest observed declines occurred among African-Americans [IRR = 0.64, 95% CI (0.51, 0.81)] and Hispanics/Latinos [IRR = 0.53, 95% CI (0.32, 0.88)]. The opiate-related fatality incidence also declined among non-Hispanic whites [IRR = 0.743, 95% CI (0.52, 1.06)]. Even at the end of the study period, illicit opiate-related OD accounted for 35% of all accidental deaths to Chicago adults aged 18-64, with 45% of OD deaths occurring among African-American men. In summary, illicit opiate OD in Chicago peaked in 2000 and markedly declined by 2003. Opiate OD continues to pose a major threat of mortality to Chicago adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Scott
- Department of Sociology, Egan Urban Center, DePaul University, 990 W. Fullerton Ave., Chicago, IL 60614 USA
| | | | - Harold A. Pollack
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Bradley Ray
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
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