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Que L, Yu F, Wu J, Lan Z, Feng Y, Zhao R, Sun Z, Yang Z, Luo H, Chao D. Unveil the origin of voltage oscillation for sodium-ion batteries operating at -40 °C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311075121. [PMID: 38625942 PMCID: PMC11047101 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311075121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Voltage oscillation at subzero in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has been a common but overlooked scenario, almost yet to be understood. For example, the phenomenon seriously deteriorates the performance of Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode in PC (propylene carbonate)/EC (ethylene carbonate)-based electrolyte at -20 °C. Here, the correlation between voltage oscillation, structural evolution, and electrolytes has been revealed based on theoretical calculations, in-/ex-situ techniques, and cross-experiments. It is found that the local phase transition of the Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode in PC/EC-based electrolyte at -20 °C should be responsible for the oscillatory phenomenon. Furthermore, the low exchange current density originating from the high desolvation energy barrier in NVP-PC/EC system also aggravates the local phase transformation, resulting in severe voltage oscillation. By introducing the diglyme solvent with lower Na-solvent binding energy, the voltage oscillation of the NVP can be eliminated effectively at subzero. As a result, the high capacity retentions of 98.3% at -20 °C and 75.3% at -40 °C are achieved. The finding provides insight into the abnormal SIBs degradation and brings the voltage oscillation behavior of rechargeable batteries into the limelight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Que
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Fuda Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Zhang Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen361021, China
| | - Yutong Feng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Ruizheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian361024, China
| | - Dongliang Chao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
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