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Menta N, Nussbaum D, Khilnani A, Dowlut-McElroy T, Habeshian KA. Insights from a joint pediatric dermatology-gynecology vulvar clinic: A retrospective study. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:41-45. [PMID: 38057120 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pediatric vulvar disease has not been widely explored in the medical literature. Few studies focus on vulvar disease in skin of color. The vulvar disease can be distressing for young patients given the sensitive location, and providers may lack experience in diagnosing and managing vulvar dermatoses. We sought to characterize the conditions seen, diagnostic challenges encountered, and the racial and ethnic factors associated with vulvar diseases in our multidisciplinary pediatric dermatology-gynecology vulvar clinic at Children's National. METHODS Medical records of 220 patients who presented to our multidisciplinary pediatric dermatology-gynecology clinic were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Lichen sclerosus (LS) (36%, n = 80), inflammatory vulvitis (11%, n = 23), and vitiligo (9%, n = 19) were the three most frequent conditions observed. These conditions were often misdiagnosed as one another. There was a mean delay in diagnosis after symptom onset in LS patients of 16.43 months. CONCLUSIONS LS, inflammatory vulvitis, and vitiligo are common vulvar diseases among pediatric patients. Accurate diagnosis is important because LS must be treated aggressively to prevent sequelae. Further studies are warranted to help differentiate LS and vitiligo with consideration of skin tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Menta
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dillon Nussbaum
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aneka Khilnani
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tazim Dowlut-McElroy
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kaiane A Habeshian
- Pediatric Dermatology, Division of Dermatology, Children's National, Washington, DC, USA
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2
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Mikkelson MD, Fox MK, Cooper OR, Ragland CL. Nonsexual Acute Genital Ulcerations as a Rare Presentation of Disseminated Lyme Disease in a Pediatric Patient. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2023:S1083-3188(23)00454-0. [PMID: 38113972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonsexual acute genital ulcerations (NAGU), also known as Lipschütz ulcers, are vulvar ulcers occurring predominantly in adolescent females. While the pathogenesis is unknown, NAGU are commonly associated with systemic infections. Here we present a female child with NAGU along with disseminated Lyme disease. We believe this is the first reported pediatric case of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Mikkelson
- Asheville Mountain Area Health Education Center Family Medicine Residency
| | - Madelyn K Fox
- Medical Student, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Olivia R Cooper
- Asheville Mountain Area Health Education Center Family Medicine Residency
| | - Chelsea L Ragland
- Mission Children's Hospital, Asheville, NC, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine.
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3
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Dieter AA, Iglesia CB, Lee JH, Etcheverry MJ, Gonzales MK, Sokol AI, Tefera E, Cardis MA. A prospective pilot study to assess for histologic changes on vulvar biopsies in postmenopausal women with lichen sclerosus treated with fractionated CO 2 laser therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2023. [PMID: 37061890 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the histologic characteristics of vulvar tissues before and after completion of fractionated carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser therapy (FxCO2) for vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS). The secondary objective was to assess subjective improvement in symptoms via the Skindex-16 questionnaire. METHODS This prospective single-arm study was conducted from April 2021 to August 2022 at one academic medical center. Ten postmenopausal women with biopsy-proven LS planning FxCO2 laser treatment were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included prior transvaginal mesh for prolapse, topical corticosteroid use within 8 weeks, prior pelvic radiation, malignancy, active genital infection, or pregnancy. The vulvovaginal SmartXide2-V2-LR laser system fractionated CO2 laser (DEKA) was utilized to treat visually affected areas of vulvar and perianal LS with a single pass. Subjects underwent three treatments 4-6 weeks apart. Subjects completed the Skindex-16 questionnaire and had vulvar biopsy at baseline and at 4 weeks after completion of fractionated CO2 laser therapy. Blinded histologic slides were scored by one dermatopathologist (Michael A. Cardis) rating from 1 to 5 the degree of dermal sclerosis, inflammation, and epidermal atrophy. Change scores were calculated as the difference between pre- and post-treatment scores for each subject. RESULTS The 10 subjects enrolled had a mean age of 61 and most were white, privately insured, and had a college/graduate-level education. Post-fractionated CO2 laser treatment vulvar biopsies showed significant improvement in sclerosis and epidermal atrophy compared with pretreatment baseline biopsy specimens (p < 0.05) with no statistically significant change found in inflammation score. Skindex-16 and FSFI scores showed a trend towards improvement (p > 0.05 for both). A statistically significant correlation was found between change in sclerosis and Skindex-16 symptoms scores with an average change of 21.4 units in Skindex-16 symptoms score for every one-point change in histologic sclerosis score (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women with vulvar LS undergoing fractionated CO2 laser, symptomatic improvements correlated with histologic change in degree of sclerosis on vulvar biopsy. These results demonstrate FxCO2 laser therapy as a promising option for the treatment of LS and suggest that further studies should assess degree of sclerosis on histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Dieter
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Cheryl B Iglesia
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jennifer H Lee
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Maria J Etcheverry
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Andrew I Sokol
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Eshetu Tefera
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Cardis
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Riera-Martí N, Expósito-Serrano V, Sin M, Gamissans M, López-Llunell C, Ribera M. Vulvar allergic contact dermatitis to multiple acrylates: a case report. Int J Womens Dermatol 2023; 9:e077. [PMID: 36908582 DOI: 10.1097/JW9.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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Gorski K, Korczynska L, Spiewankiewicz B, Swiderska K, Baczkowska M, Skowyra A, Ciebiera M. Vulvar sebaceous hyperplasia - a problematic dermatosis of the vulva. Ginekol Pol 2023:VM/OJS/J/91355. [PMID: 36597744 DOI: 10.5603/gp.a2022.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous glandular hyperplasia (SGH) is a benign form of skin pathology, occurring in approximately one percent of the population. Risk factors for the SGH include advanced age, male sex, exposure to UV radiation and immunosuppression. The pathogenesis of SGH involves hormonal changes, is also regulated by insulin levels, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and cortisol. SGH manifests itself as solitary or multiple light-yellow lumps, 2-3 mm big, with a smooth surface and a central umbilical depression. The vulvar localization of lesions is extremely rare and presents with a polymorphous clinical picture, posing a major diagnostic problem. A 40-year-old patient presented to the clinic due to vulvar skin lesions, periodically with the swelling of the labia and itching, with the symptoms deteriorating for approximately two years. The patient has been consulted by several doctors; however, the diagnosis has not been established. She did not receive adequate treatment either. On physical examination, attention was drawn to the overgrown labia minora - especially on the right side - with a network of abnormal vessels and numerous small papular lesions. SGH was diagnosed, based on the samples collected from the vulva. The patient was recommended isotretinoin therapy and referred to a dermatologist for a consultation. The presented case of vulvar SGH is interesting and rare. It is a diagnostic challenge with no established treatment standards. Nonetheless, SGH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vulvar skin lesions. The comprehensive and interdisciplinary care is needed to help patients struggling with this insidious condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Gorski
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Korczynska
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Monika Baczkowska
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Artur Skowyra
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Ciebiera
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Morrison S, Gray A, Greiling TM. Improvement of primary vulvar Langerhans cell histiocytosis with lenalidomide. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 7:838-840. [PMID: 35028395 PMCID: PMC8714570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Morrison
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Arielle Gray
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Teri M Greiling
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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7
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Kherlopian A, Fischer G. Does compliance to topical corticosteroid therapy reduce the risk of development of permanent vulvar structural abnormalities in pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus? A retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:22-30. [PMID: 34738263 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis of the genital skin, with up to 20% of cases in the pediatric age group. Limited data exist concerning the prognosis of pediatric VLS, particularly the likelihood of permanent architectural change and whether this can be prevented by compliance with topical corticosteroid treatment (TCS). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent to which compliance to TCS treatment influences the risk of developing vulvar structural abnormalities, including clitoral phimosis and diminutive or fused labia minora. METHODS A retrospective chart review of case records of pediatric-age females with VLS between January 31, 2004 and January 31, 2021. RESULTS One hundred eighteen cases of VLS were identified, with a mean age at diagnosis of 7.25 years and a mean follow-up period of 42.7 months. Thirty-four girls were "partially compliant," whereas 84 were "compliant." The risk ratio (RR) of developing any vulvar structural abnormality or clitoral phimosis was 5.76 (95% CI 2.96-11.3) and 21.2 (95%CI 5.23-85.9) times higher, respectively, in partially compliant compared with compliant subjects. The RR of a partially compliant female with pre-pubertal onset VLS having a vulvar structural abnormality persisting beyond menarche was increased 3.54-fold relative to compliant females (95% CI 1.75-7.17). LIMITATIONS The retrospective nature of our data, lack of a control group, wide variability in follow-up duration, and nonstandardized method of stratifying compliance. CONCLUSION Vulvar structural abnormalities are common in prepubertal onset VLS. Compliance to TCS appears to be critical in the prognosis of pediatric VLS although attitudes underpinning noncompliance to TCS treatment require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashod Kherlopian
- Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gayle Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Beavis A, Najjar O, Murdock T, Abing A, Fader A, Wethington S, Stone R, Ferriss JS, Tanner EJ, Levinson K. Treatment of vulvar and vaginal dysplasia: plasma energy ablation versus carbon dioxide laser ablation. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 31:1410-1415. [PMID: 34610972 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma energy ablation vaporizes tissues similar to carbon dioxide laser ablation, but is not hindered by the unique hazards and regulation of laser technology. We aimed to evaluate the complication rate and effectiveness of plasma versus laser ablation in the treatment of vulvovaginal high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HSIL). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of women treated with plasma or carbon dioxide laser ablation for histologically proven HSIL of the vulva or vagina from January 2014 to October 2019 at a single institution. Demographic factors, surgical characteristics, and complications were compared by ablation type using Fisher's exact tests. Recurrence-free survival was evaluated by ablation type using Kaplan-Meier curves, weighted log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards ratio estimates. RESULTS Forty-two women were included; 50% underwent plasma and 50% underwent carbon dioxide laser ablation. Demographic factors were similar between the groups. 50% (n=21) were immunosuppressed, 45.2% (n=19) had prior vulvovaginal HSIL treatment, and 35.7% (n=15) were current smokers. Most women (n=25, 59.5%) were treated for vulvar HSIL, 38.1% (n=16) for vaginal HSIL. Complication rates did not differ by treatment: 9.5% (n=2) for laser ablation versus 4.8% (n=1) for plasma ablation (p=1.0). Over a median follow-up time of 29.3 months (IQR 11.0-45.0 months), recurrence rates were similar: 28.6% in the laser ablation group versus 33.3% in the plasma ablation group (weighted log rank p=0.43; 24-month HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.01). CONCLUSION Plasma energy ablation of vulvovaginal HSIL has similar complication rates and recurrence risk to carbon dioxide laser ablation. This technique could be considered as an alternative treatment modality for vulvovaginal HSIL and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Beavis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar Najjar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tricia Murdock
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Abing
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda Fader
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Wethington
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Stone
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Stuart Ferriss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward J Tanner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kimberly Levinson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Mitchell AM, Armour M, Chalmers KJ. Health seeking behaviours and treatments received by Australian women with vulvodynia: A cross-sectional survey. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 61:927-933. [PMID: 34463957 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvodynia is a condition characterised by pain in the vulva lasting more than three months and for which no obvious aetiology can be found. It affects around 8% of women and has significant negative impacts on quality of life. There is a paucity of research on healthcare management pathways and the use of evidence-based treatments in an Australian community setting. AIMS To explore which healthcare professionals Australian women with vulvodynia seek treatment from, and which treatments are recommended, provided, or prescribed by these healthcare professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from May 2019 to August 2019. Women were eligible to participate if they had been diagnosed with vulvodynia by a healthcare professional, were currently living in Australia, and were over 18 years old. RESULTS Fifty respondents meet the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 30.5 years. On average, respondents reported seeing four different types of healthcare professionals in the management of their vulvodynia, with general practitioners (GPs) (98%), medical specialists (96%), and physiotherapists (80%) being the three most commonly consulted. Most respondents reported seeing multiple GPs (>87%), multiple medical specialists (>77%), and multiple physiotherapists (50%). The most commonly prescribed interventions were pelvic floor down-training exercises (76%), topical (70%) and oral (70%) medication, and vulvodynia information (56%). CONCLUSIONS Australian women with vulvodynia seek help from several professionals and receive a variety of treatments for their pain. Of concern is many treatments that are being offered clinically have very little peer-reviewed evidence of effectiveness in vulvodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Mitchell
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mike Armour
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Jane Chalmers
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Szatko A, Kacperczyk-Bartnik J, Bartnik P, Dobrowolska-Redo A, Derlatka P, Kalinowska M, Marczuk H, Romejko-Wolniewicz E. Vulvar cancer in a patient with long-lasting premalignant lesions in the genital area: easily overlooked and difficult to diagnose - a case report and literature review. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:366-70. [PMID: 34377114 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar intraepithelial lesions are a heterogenic group of diseases, which can be easily misdiagnosed. The case of a 61-year-old woman with a history of genital intraepithelial lesions and infection with HPV is presented. Her main complaint was vulvar pruritus. Vulvoscopy revealed the presence of two skin lesions: the first one had the morphology of lichen sclerosus, and the second of a Bowenoid lesion. The biopsy of the first lesion revealed vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, whereas cells of squamous vulvar cancer were identified in the second lesion. After staging, the patient was advised to undergo hemivulvectomy and lymphadenectomy. The coexistence of morphologically diverse vulvar skin lesions may cause difficulties with diagnosis and the selection of an adequate treatment. Long-term follow-up and regular examination are essential for diagnosis of vulvar malignancies in the early stage.
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Akrivi S, Varras M, Anastasiadi Z, Pappa C, Vlachioti A, Varra VK, Varra FN, Balasi E, Akrivis C. Primary vulvar leiomyosarcoma localized in the Bartholin's gland area: A case report and review. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 14:69. [PMID: 33680460 PMCID: PMC7890440 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvar sarcomas located in the Bartholin's gland area are extremely uncommon mesenchymal vulvar tumors. These neoplasms can be mistaken as Bartholin' gland benign lesions such as cysts or abscesses, leading to a delay in the diagnosis of underlying malignancy. Currently, only a few cases of these aggressive cancers have been reported in the literature. A 42-year-old female patient without any previous complaint presented to Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of ‘G. Chaztikosta’ General Hospital due to a vulvar lump in the area of the left Bartholin's gland with a 6-month history of progressive swelling. Pelvic examination showed a solid mass of 6.5-cm in maximum diameter, localized in the left Bartholin's gland. The patient underwent wide local excision and histopathological examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections indicated intersecting fascicles of spindle cells, with moderate to severe atypia. The number of mitoses was up to 8 per 10 high power fields. The neoplasm to its greatest extent was circumscribed and in places had an invasive growth pattern. Tumoral necrosis was not seen. Involved Bartholin' gland by the tumor was identified. The tumor extended focally to the surgical margin. The neoplastic cells showed positive staining for smooth muscle actin, desmin, HHF35, caldesmon, vimentin and estrogen and progesterone receptors. Immunohistochemistry was negative for S100, myoglobulin, keratin 116, CD117, CD34 and CD31. The patient denied further surgery or/and local radiotherapy, although the mass was >5-cm and a focally infiltrative surgical margin was found. During the close follow-up, no local recurrences or metastases were observed 53 months after surgery. In conclusion, wide local tumor excision with free surgical margins is a good option of surgery for vulvar leiomyosarcomas. In recurrences, a new extensive surgical resection of the lesion and radiotherapy are suggested. Ipsilateral lympadenectomy is indicated when there is a pathologic lymph node. Chemotherapy is provided in cases of distal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Akrivi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Jubille Maternity Hospital, Belfast Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Michail Varras
- Fourth Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Elena Venizelou' General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Zoi Anastasiadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'G. Chatzikosta' General Hospital, Ioannina 45001, Epirus, Greece
| | - Christina Pappa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'G. Chatzikosta' General Hospital, Ioannina 45001, Epirus, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Vlachioti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'G. Chatzikosta' General Hospital, Ioannina 45001, Epirus, Greece
| | | | - Fani-Niki Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | - Eufemia Balasi
- Pathology Department, 'G. Chatzikosta' General Hospital, Ioannina 45001, Epirus, Greece
| | - Christos Akrivis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'G. Chatzikosta' General Hospital, Ioannina 45001, Epirus, Greece
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12
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Murina F, Caimi C, Felice R, Di Francesco S, Cetin I. Characterization of female intimate hygiene practices and vulvar health: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2721-2726. [PMID: 32281249 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inappropriate feminine hygiene practices are related to vulvar unpleasant symptoms (such as skin changes, lesions, burning, pruritus, fissures, and dyspareunia). AIMS We assessed the daily use effects of intimate cleansers on vulvar skin by comparing two specific products for intimate care: Saugella Hydraserum (SIS), based on natural extracts, and a standard product based on lactic acid, such as Lactacyd Feminine Hygiene (LTC). Forty healthy women were enrolled in this double-blind controlled study. METHODS After randomization, the cleansers were used twice daily for 30 days. The hydration level was determined using the Corneometer® CM 825, the pH using the Skin-pH-Meter PH 905® and the sebum level using the Sebumeter SM815® . Measurements were performed at baseline and on day 30 on the labia majora and labia minora. RESULTS Both cleansers showed a reduction in the hydration level, but this was much less evident in the SIS group (-6.3% SIS vs -23,7% LTC). The pH values of the SIS group were lower than those of the LTC group, especially on the labia minora (5.27 ± 0.08 and 5.6 ± 0.1, respectively, P = .025). The sebum increased in both groups, but in the LTC group, it was higher on the labia majora (+96.2% vs +46.8%, respectively, P = .003), while on the labia minora, it was higher in the SIS group (+24.7% vs +17.1%, respectively P = NS). CONCLUSIONS Both cleansers tested showed high performance for safety and tolerability on vulvar skin, but SIS showed better efficacy than LTC on some parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Murina
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Caimi
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Felice
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Francesco
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Martínez-Gómez C, Angeles MA, Martinez A, Meresse T, Gangloff D, Ferron G. Perineal resection and anorectal amputation with perforator flap reconstruction by a dorsal approach in prone Jackknife position. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:1082-1083. [PMID: 32513663 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancer de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,CRCT Team 1 - Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Martina Aida Angeles
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancer de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Alejandra Martinez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancer de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,CRCT Team 1 - Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Meresse
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Dimitri Gangloff
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwenael Ferron
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancer de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France .,CRCT 19 - Oncosarc - Oncogenesis of Sarcomas, INSERM, Toulouse, France
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14
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Abstract
Fibroepithelial stromal polyps of vulva are the type of mesenchymal lesion that typically occurs in women of reproductive period. They are common, usually small and hystologically benign. Larger lesions are rare and likely arise from proliferation of mesenchymal cells within the hormonally sensitive subepithelial stromal layer of the lower genital tract. We present a case of 16 year old female with a giant polypoid lesion of the vulva localized on the right labium. The mass measure was 18×12×3 cm. Total surgical resection of the lesion was performed. Histopathological examination reported a fibroepithelial stromal polyp of the vulva. The patient showed no evidence of recurrence four years after the resection. Fibroepithelial polyps of the vulvar region are benign lesions that have a wide range of morphologic appearances and may be misinterpreted as malignant. Total excision is the best treatment options and histopathological examination is strongly recommended to rule out a malignant neoplasm.
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15
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Cohen PA, Anderson L, Eva L, Scurry J. Clinical and molecular classification of vulvar squamous pre-cancers. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29:821-828. [PMID: 30737358 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2018-000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a precursor to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and is defined histopathologically by the presence of atypia. VIN has been classified into two types: usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN), which is also referred to as a vulvar high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (HSIL), and differentiated VIN (dVIN). The former is associated with chronic infection by sub-types of the human papilloma virus (HPV), whereas dVIN is HPV-independent and frequently associated with lichen sclerosus. The distinction is important because dVIN has a greater risk of, and more rapid transit to, vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, dVIN-associated vulvar cancers have an increased risk of recurrence and higher mortality than those arising from HSIL. Molecular characterization of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma precursors using next-generation sequencing is a relatively novel, but rapidly advancing field. This review appraises recent studies that have investigated the risks of progression to vulvar malignancy associated with HSIL and dVIN, the prognosis of HPV-dependent and HPV-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinomas, and conducted next generation sequencing mutation analyses to elucidate the genomic profiles underlying VIN. These studies suggest that HSIL and dVIN are characterized by different underlying molecular alterations that may have important implications for treatment and follow-up of women diagnosed with vulvar squamous cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cohen
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia .,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lyndal Anderson
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lois Eva
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, National Women's Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Scurry
- Pathology North, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Magalhães BM, Veasey JV, Mayor SAS, Lellis RF. Donovanosis in a child victim of sexual abuse: response to doxycycline treatment. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:592-594. [PMID: 30066775 PMCID: PMC6063095 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Donovanosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella granulomatis, which mainly affects the skin and mucous membranes of the genital, perigenital, and inguinal regions. Also known as venereal granuloma or granuloma inguinale, it is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe and often associated with sexual transmission. We report the case of an 11-year-old female victim of chronic sexual abuse, who was diagnosed with donovanosis and presented a good therapeutic response to doxycycline.
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17
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Abstract
The vulva corresponds to the external female genitalia. Special features of this region favor a wide range of diseases, whose knowledge allows for better clinical management, impacting on the quality of life. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out at a vulvar pathology outpatient clinic, between May and December/ 2015. Data obtained from a standard form included demographic parameters, habits, and vulvar dermatosis and allowed to identify the epidemiological profile of patients with vulvar dermatosis treated in this outpatient clinic and to determine the most prevalent dermatoses. Our results, partially concordant with the literature, provide original data that should stimulate further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cerazi Sartori
- Sector of Inter-Hospital Transportation, Núcleo de
Atendimento Unimed Tatuapé - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Rafaela Tricca Wicher
- Graduation in the Department of Medicine, Universidade de
Taubaté (UNITAU) - Taubaté (SP), Brazil
| | - Flávia Regina Ferreira
- Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade de
Taubaté (UNITAU) - Taubaté (SP), Brazil
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitário de
Taubaté - Universidade de Taubaté (HUT/-UNITAU) - Taubaté (SP),
Brazil
| | - Valéria Holmo Batista
- Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Medicine,
Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU) - Taubaté (SP), Brazil
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18
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Corazza M, Virgili A, Toni G, Minghetti S, Tiengo S, Borghi A. Level of use and safety of botanical products for itching vulvar dermatoses. Are patch tests useful? Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:289-94. [PMID: 26928795 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical remedies based on botanical ingredients are popular. OBJECTIVES To assess: (i) the usage of botanical substances in subjects affected with itching and chronic vulvar complaints; (ii) the incidence of side-effects associated with their use and the frequency of contact allergy; (iii) the diagnostic usefulness of patch testing. METHODS Sixty-six patients were provided with a questionnaire to assess the prevalence and type of topical botanical preparations used and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Patients were patch tested with (i) the Italian baseline series, (ii) a topical medicament series, and (iii) a botanical series. RESULTS Forty-two patients (63.6%) reported the use of natural topical products on the vulva. Seven (16.7%) noted adverse reactions; 27 showed positive reactions with the baseline series; 14 (21.2%) had at least one relevant reaction, mainly to allergens in topical products and cosmetics; and 2 (3%) showed positive reactions to the botanical series. Of the 7 patients complaining of adverse effects of botanical products, 3 (42.8%) showed relevant sensitization. CONCLUSIONS The use of natural topical products is widespread among women affected with itching vulvar diseases. Contact dermatitis is a possible adverse effect. Botanical series are of questionable usefulness, owing to the wide variety of botanical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Corazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche - Sezione di Dermatologia e Malattie Infettive, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annarosa Virgili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche - Sezione di Dermatologia e Malattie Infettive, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Toni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche - Sezione di Dermatologia e Malattie Infettive, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Minghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche - Sezione di Dermatologia e Malattie Infettive, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Tiengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche - Sezione di Dermatologia e Malattie Infettive, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Borghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche - Sezione di Dermatologia e Malattie Infettive, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
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