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Gainor K, Becker AAMJ, Malik YS, Ghosh S. First Report on Detection and Molecular Characterization of Adenoviruses in the Small Indian Mongoose ( Urva auropunctata). Viruses 2021; 13:v13112194. [PMID: 34835000 PMCID: PMC8622525 DOI: 10.3390/v13112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a broad-range nested PCR assay targeting the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (pol) gene, we detected adenoviruses in 17 (20.48%) out of 83 fecal samples from small Indian mongooses (Urva auropunctata) on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. All 17 PCR amplicons were sequenced for the partial pol gene (~300 bp, hereafter referred to as Mon sequences). Fourteen of the 17 Mon sequences shared maximum homology (98.3-99.6% and 97-98.9% nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequence identities, respectively) with that of bovine adenovirus-6 (species Bovine atadenovirus E). Mongoose-associated adenovirus Mon-39 was most closely related (absolute nt and deduced aa identities) to an atadenovirus from a tropical screech owl. Mon-66 shared maximum nt and deduced aa identities of 69% and 71.4% with those of atadenoviruses from a spur-thighed tortoise and a brown anole lizard, respectively. Phylogenetically, Mon-39 and Mon-66 clustered within clades that were predominated by atadenoviruses from reptiles, indicating a reptilian origin of these viruses. Only a single mongoose-associated adenovirus, Mon-34, was related to the genus Mastadenovirus. However, phylogenetically, Mon-34 formed an isolated branch, distinct from other mastadenoviruses. Since the fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy mongooses, we could not determine whether the mongoose-associated adenoviruses infected the host. On the other hand, the phylogenetic clustering patterns of the mongoose-associated atadenoviruses pointed more towards a dietary origin of these viruses. Although the present study was based on partial pol sequences (~90 aa), sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis suggested that Mon-34, Mon-39, and Mon-66 might represent novel adenoviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and molecular characterization of adenoviruses from the mongoose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Gainor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, 00265 Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies; (K.G.); (A.A.M.J.B.)
| | - Anne A. M. J. Becker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, 00265 Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies; (K.G.); (A.A.M.J.B.)
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, 141004 Ludhiana, India;
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, 00265 Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies; (K.G.); (A.A.M.J.B.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-(869)-4654161 (ext. 401-1202)
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Paim WP, Bauermann FV, Kutish GF, Pillatzki A, Long C, Ohnstad M, Diel DG. Identification and genetic characterization of an isolate of bovine adenovirus 7 from the United States, a putative member of a new species in the genus Atadenovirus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2835-2839. [PMID: 34319454 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The bovine adenovirus 7 (BAdV-7) isolate SD18-74 was recovered from lung tissue of calves in South Dakota. The 30,043-nucleotide (nt) genome has the typical organization of Atadenovirus genus members. The sequence shares over 99% nt sequence identity with two Japanese BAdV-7 sequences, followed by 74.9% nt sequence identity with the ovine adenovirus 7 strain OAV287, a member of the species Ovine atadenovirus D. SD18-74 was amplified in both bovine and ovine primary nasal turbinate cells, demonstrating greater fitness in bovine cells. The genomic and biological characteristics of BAdV-7 SD18-74 support the inclusion of the members of the BAdV-7 group in a new species in the genus Atadenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian P Paim
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74074, USA
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando V Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74074, USA.
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL), Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
| | - Gerald F Kutish
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Angela Pillatzki
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL), Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Craig Long
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL), Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Martha Ohnstad
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL), Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL), Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Miller MM, Cornish TE, Creekmore TE, Fox K, Laegreid W, McKenna J, Vasquez M, Woods LW. Whole-genome sequences of Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus isolates from deer, moose and elk are highly conserved and support a new species in the genus Atadenovirus. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2320-2328. [PMID: 28809152 PMCID: PMC5656758 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first complete genome sequence of Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus 1 (OdAdV-1). This virus can cause sporadic haemorrhagic disease in cervids, although epizootics with high mortality have occurred in California. OdAdV-1 has been placed in the genus Atadenovirus, based on partial hexon, pVIII and fibre genes. Ten field isolates recovered from naturally infected mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiana) and moose (Alces alces) from Wyoming, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from California, and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) from Colorado and Washington state were sequenced. The genome lengths ranged from 30 620 to 30 699 bp, contained the predicted proteins and gene organization typical of members of genus Atadenovirus, and had a high percentage of A/T nucleotides (66.7 %). Phylogenic analysis found that the closest ancestry was with ruminant atadenoviruses, while a divergence of the hexon, polymerase and penton base proteins of more than 15 % supports classification as a new species. Genetic global comparison between the 10 isolates found an overall 99 % identity, but greater divergence was found between those recovered from moose and elk as compared to deer, and a single variable region contained most of these differences. Our findings demonstrate that OdAdV-1 is highly conserved between 10 isolates recovered from multiple related cervid species, but genotypic differences, largely localized to a variable region, define two strains. We propose that the virus type name be changed to cervid adenovirus 1, with the species name Cervid atadenovirus A. Sequence data were used to develop molecular assays for improved detection and genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna M. Miller
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
- *Correspondence: Myrna M. Miller,
| | - Todd E. Cornish
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Terry E. Creekmore
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Karen Fox
- Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, 4330 Laporte Ave, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - Will Laegreid
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Jennifer McKenna
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Marce Vasquez
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Leslie W. Woods
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, 620 West Health Science Dr., 620 West Health Science Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Abstract
Adenoviruses have become a popular vehicle for gene transfer into animal and human cells. However, wide prevalence of preexisting immunity to human adenovirus (HAdV) and the promiscuous nature of the virus have made the use of nonhuman adenoviruses an attractive alternative. Moreover, readministration of viral vectors is often required to maintain therapeutic levels of transgene expression, resulting in vector-specific immune responses. Although a number of features of bovine adenovirus (BAdV)-3 make it attractive for use as a vector in human vaccination, BAdV-3 transduces nonbovine cells, including human cells, poorly. However, genetic modification of capsid proteins (e.g., fiber, pIX) has helped in increasing the utility of BAdV-3 as a vector for transducing nonbovine cells. Here, we will describe the methods used to construct recombinant BAdV-3 expressing chimeric fiber or chimeric pIX proteins.
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Abstract
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is an emerging approach for the treatment of cancers. A variety of viral vectors have been used to deliver genes that encode the relevant enzymes, and some have been tested in clinical trials. To ensure the potency and efficacy of such vectors and to obtain regulatory approval to administer them to humans, it is necessary to develop a suite of assays that provide quality assurance. New GDEPT vectors based on ovine atadenovirus and Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) have been developed for first time use in humans in a phase I trial for the treatment of prostate cancer. Here we describe methods for their production together with several quality-control assays. In particular, a functional cell killing assay was devised to measure the potency of PNP-GDEPT vectors, the principles of which could easily be adapted to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Both
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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Fent GM, Fulton RW, Saliki JT, Caseltine SL, Lehmkuhl HD, Confer AW, Purdy CW, Briggs RE, Loan RW, Duff GC. Bovine adenovirus serotype 7 infections in postweaning calves. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63:976-8. [PMID: 12118678 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect bovine adenovirus serotype 7 (BAV-7) infections in calves by use of viral isolation and serologic testing. ANIMALS 205 postweaning calves. PROCEDURE 121 calves were assembled by an order buyer through auction markets in eastern Tennessee and transported to New Mexico where they were commingled with 84 healthy ranch-reared calves. Tests included viral isolation in cell culture from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and detection of serum BAV-7 antibodies by use of microtitration viral neutralization. RESULTS BAV-7 was isolated from PBL of 8 calves and seroconversion to BAV-7 was detected for 38 of 199 (19.1%) calves. Concurrent bovine viral diarrhea virus infections were detected in most calves from which BAV-7 was isolated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of our study indicate that BAV-7 infections can be found in postweaning commingled calves and may develop more commonly in calves with concurrent infections with viruses such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Genny M Fent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA
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