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Richardson LA, Schmid SL, Bhandoola A, Harly C, Hedenström A, Laub MT, Mace GM, Sengupta P, Stock AM, Read AF, Malik HS, Estelle M, Lowell S, Kimmelman J. The PLOS Biology XV Collection: 15 Years of Exceptional Science Highlighted across 12 Months. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000180. [PMID: 30811478 PMCID: PMC6411196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Richardson
- Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra L. Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Harly
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Michael T. Laub
- Department of Biology Howard Hughes Medical Institute Graduate Program in Microbiology Graduate Program in Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Georgina M. Mace
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Center for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Piali Sengupta
- Department of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Stock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Andrew F. Read
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Departments of Biology and Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Harmit S. Malik
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sally Lowell
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Kimmelman
- Studies of Translation, Ethics, and Medicine, Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Interferon γ (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic protein secreted by immune cells. IFNγ signals through the IFNγ receptor, a protein complex that mediates downstream signaling events. Studies into IFNγ signaling have provided insight into the general concepts of receptor signaling, receptor internalization, regulation of distinct signaling pathways, and transcriptional regulation. Although IFNγ is the central mediator of the adaptive immune response to pathogens, it has been shown to be involved in several non-infectious physiological processes. This review will provide an introduction into IFNγ signaling biology and the functional roles of IFNγ in the autoimmune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Green
- From the Women's Malignancy Branch, Translational Genomics Section, Center for Cancer, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Howard A Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201.
| | - Julio C Valencia
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201.
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3
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Karlikow M, Goic B, Saleh MC. RNAi and antiviral defense in Drosophila: setting up a systemic immune response. Dev Comp Immunol 2014; 42:85-92. [PMID: 23684730 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) controls gene expression in eukaryotic cells and thus, cellular homeostasis. In addition, in plants, nematodes and arthropods it is a central antiviral effector mechanism. Antiviral RNAi has been well described as a cell autonomous response, which is triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules. This dsRNA is the precursor for the silencing of viral RNA in a sequence-specific manner. In plants, systemic antiviral immunity has been demonstrated, however much less is known in animals. Recently, some evidence for a systemic antiviral response in arthropods has come to light. Cell autonomous RNAi may not be sufficient to reach an efficient antiviral response, and the organism might rely on the spread and uptake of an RNAi signal of unknown origin. In this review, we offer a perspective on how RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity could confer systemic protection in insects and we propose directions for future research to understand the mechanism of RNAi-immune signal sorting, spreading and amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Karlikow
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3569, Paris, France
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Kim JH, Rutan JA, Vilen BJ. The transmembrane tyrosine of micro-heavy chain is required for BCR destabilization and entry of antigen into clathrin-coated vesicles. Int Immunol 2007; 19:1403-12. [PMID: 17981794 PMCID: PMC3716379 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) delivers antigen to the endocytic compartment and transduces signals that regulate the stability of the receptor complex. Previous studies showed that BCR-mediated signal transduction dissociates micro-heavy chain (microm) from Ig-alpha/Ig-beta, facilitating the delivery of antigen to clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). Herein, we demonstrate that the dissociation of Ig-alpha/Ig-beta from microm requires tyrosine-587 of the microm transmembrane domain. Receptors expressing a mutation at tyrosine-587 (Y587F) transduced signals that were comparable to wild type, yet they failed to dissociate microm from Ig-alpha/Ig-beta. Further, receptors harboring the Y587F mutation failed to associate with CCVs, resulting in diminished antigen in the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1(+)) compartment and severely impaired antigen presentation, indicating that endocytosis through CCVs is required for antigen presentation. Thus, the transmembrane tyrosine of mum mediates destabilization of the BCR complex, facilitating antigen processing by promoting the association of antigen with CCVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyang Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Bulwin GC, Heinemann T, Bugge V, Winter M, Lohan A, Schlawinsky M, Schulze A, Wälter S, Sabat R, Schülein R, Wiesner B, Veh RW, Löhler J, Blumberg RS, Volk HD, Utku N. TIRC7 inhibits T cell proliferation by modulation of CTLA-4 expression. J Immunol 2007; 177:6833-41. [PMID: 17082597 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ab targeting of TIRC7 has been shown previously to inhibit T cell proliferation and Th1 lymphocyte-associated cytokine production. In this study, we demonstrate that Ab targeting of TIRC7 induces early cell surface expression of CTLA-4. The majority of stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ human T cells coexpress CTLA-4 and TIRC7. Similar to CTLA-4, TIRC7 rapidly accumulates at the site of Ag adhesion upon T cell activation. TIRC7 seems to colocalize with CTLA-4 in human T cells, and both molecules are associated with clathrin-coated vesicles, indicating they share intracellular transport systems. Moreover, Ab targeting of TIRC7 results in an early activation of CTLA-4 transcription. The inhibition of cell proliferation mediated by TIRC7 is dependent on CTLA-4 expression because the TIRC7-mediated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and cytokine expression are abolished by Ab blockade of CTLA-4. Splenocytes obtained from CTLA-4-deficient mice are not responsive to TIRC7 Ab targeting. Thus, TIRC7 acts as an upstream regulatory molecule of CTLA-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit-Carsta Bulwin
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Campus Charité Mitte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Collins BE, Smith BA, Bengtson P, Paulson JC. Ablation of CD22 in ligand-deficient mice restores B cell receptor signaling. Nat Immunol 2005; 7:199-206. [PMID: 16369536 DOI: 10.1038/ni1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD22 is a negative regulator of B cell signaling, an activity modulated by its interaction with glycan ligands containing alpha2-6-linked sialic acids. B cells deficient in the enzyme (ST6Gal I) that forms the CD22 ligand show suppressed BCR signaling. Here we report that mice deficient in both CD22 and its ligand (Cd22-/- St6gal1-/- mice) showed restored B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, suggesting that the suppressed signaling of St6gal1-/- cells is mediated through CD22. Coincident with suppressed BCR signaling, B cells lacking ST6Gal I showed a net redistribution of the BCR to clathrin-rich microdomains containing most of the CD22, resulting in a twofold increase in the localization of CD22 together with the BCR. These studies suggest an important function for the CD22-ligand interaction in regulating BCR signaling and microdomain localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Collins
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Godefroy E, Moreau-Aubry A, Diez E, Dreno B, Jotereau F, Guilloux Y. alpha v beta3-dependent cross-presentation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 by melanoma cells gives rise to a new tumor antigen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 202:61-72. [PMID: 15998788 PMCID: PMC2212908 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20042138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A large array of antigens that are recognized by tumor-specific T cells has been identified and shown to be generated through various processes. We describe a new mechanism underlying T cell recognition of melanoma cells, which involves the generation of a major histocompatibility complex class I–restricted epitope after tumor-mediated uptake and processing of an extracellular protein—a process referred to as cross-presentation—which is believed to be restricted to immune cells. We show that melanoma cells cross-present, in an αvβ3-dependent manner, an antigen derived from secreted matrix metalloproteinase–2 (MMP-2) to human leukocyte antigen A*0201-restricted T cells. Because MMP-2 activity is critical for melanoma progression, the MMP-2 peptide should be cross-presented by most progressing melanomas and represents a unique antigen for vaccine therapy of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Godefroy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 601, Nantes, France
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Kim JH, Cramer L, Mueller H, Wilson B, Vilen BJ. Independent trafficking of Ig-alpha/Ig-beta and mu-heavy chain is facilitated by dissociation of the B cell antigen receptor complex. J Immunol 2005; 175:147-54. [PMID: 15972641 PMCID: PMC3895480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.1.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The BCR relays extracellular signals and internalizes Ag for processing and presentation. We have previously demonstrated that ligation of the BCR destabilizes Ig-alpha/Ig-beta (Ig-alphabeta) from mu-H chain (mum). In this study we report that receptor destabilization represents a physical separation of mum from Ig-alphabeta. Sucrose gradient fractionation localized Ig-alphabeta to G(M1)-containing lipid microdomains in the absence of mum. Confocal and electron microscopy studies revealed the colocalization of unsheathed mum with clathrin-coated vesicles. Furthermore, mum failed to associate with clathrin-coated vesicles when receptor destabilization was inhibited, suggesting that unsheathing of mum is required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In summary, we found that Ag stimulation physically separates Ig-alphabeta from mum, facilitating concomitant signal transduction and Ag delivery to the endocytic compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyang Kim
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Lorraine Cramer
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Heather Mueller
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Bridget Wilson
- Department of Pathology and the Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Barbara J. Vilen
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Barbara Vilen, University of North Carolina, CB No. 7290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
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Montagnac G, Mollà-Herman A, Bouchet J, Yu LCH, Conrad DH, Perdue MH, Benmerah A. Intracellular Trafficking of CD23: Differential Regulation in Humans and Mice by Both Extracellular and Intracellular Exons. J Immunol 2005; 174:5562-72. [PMID: 15843555 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In mouse models of food allergy, we recently characterized a new CD23b-derived splice form lacking extracellular exon 5, bDelta5, which undergoes constitutive internalization and mediates the transepithelial transport of free IgE, whereas classical CD23b is more efficient in transporting IgE/allergen complexes. These data suggested that regulation of endocytosis plays a central role in CD23 functions and drove us to systematically compare the intracellular trafficking properties of human and murine CD23 splice forms. We found that CD23 species show similar endocytic behaviors in both species; CD23a undergoes constitutive clathrin-dependent internalization, whereas CD23b is stable at the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms controlling these similar behaviors appeared to be different. In mice, a positive internalization signal was localized in the cytoplasmic region shared by all CD23 splice forms. This positive signal was negatively regulated by the intracellular CD23b-specific exon. In addition, the fact that alternative splice forms lacking exons of the extracellular region (5, 6, 7, and/or 8) were all constitutively internalized suggested that endocytosis of murine CD23 is regulated by a process similar to the outside-in signaling of integrins. In humans, the internalization signal was mapped in the CD23a-specific intracellular exon. Interestingly, this signal also behaved as a basolateral targeting signal in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The latter result and the fact that human intestinal cell lines were found to coexpress both CD23a and CD23b provide a molecular explanation for the initial observations that CD23 was found at the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells from allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Montagnac
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cochin Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris 5, Paris, France
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Abstract
Uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles in neuronal cells requires hsc70 in concert with the cofactor auxilin which contains a J-domain as well as a domain with homology to dual specific phosphatases and tensin, known as PTEN. The question of whether an analogous factor operates in other cell types has until now remained unanswered. Here we show that it is the recently discovered and widely expressed cyclin G-associated protein kinase which fulfils the function of neuronal auxilin in hsc70-mediated clathrin coat dissociation. GAK possesses a J-domain, which stimulates the hsc70 ATPase, it competes with auxilin for clathrin binding and at sufficiently high concentrations acts as a clathrin assembly protein. Moreover, GAK binds to the gamma- and alpha-appendage domains of the adaptor proteins AP-1 and AP-2 in vitro and phosphorylates their medium chains. Cells that transiently overexpress GAK are impaired in respect of receptor-mediated endocytosis. In transfected cells clathrin is dislodged from coated pits/vesicles and co-localizes with GFP-GAK in the form of large aggregates. The cellular distribution of membrane-associated adaptors was unaffected by overexpression of GAK. Our results point to a hsc70/auxilin-based uncoating system as a ubiquitous feature of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Umeda
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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