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Li Q, Yang Z, Zang R, Liu S, Yu L, Wang J, Wang C, Wang X, Sun S. Clinical features and genetic analysis of 15 Chinese children with dent disease. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2349133. [PMID: 38726999 PMCID: PMC11089919 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2349133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical characteristics, genetic mutation spectrum, treatment strategies and prognoses of 15 children with Dent disease were retrospectively analyzed to improve pediatricians' awareness of and attention to this disease. METHODS We analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 15 Chinese children with Dent disease who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital between January 2017 and May 2023 and evaluated the expression of the CLCN5 and OCRL1 genes. RESULTS All 15 patients were male and complained of proteinuria, and the incidence of low-molecular-weight proteinuria (LMWP) was 100.0% in both Dent disease 1 (DD1) and Dent disease 2 (DD2) patients. The incidence of hypercalciuria was 58.3% (7/12) and 66.7% (2/3) in DD1 and DD2 patients, respectively. Nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis were found in 16.7% (2/12) and 8.3% (1/12) of DD1 patients, respectively. Renal biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 1 patient, minimal change lesion in 5 patients, and small focal acute tubular injury in 1 patient. A total of 11 mutations in the CLCN5 gene were detected, including 3 missense mutations (25.0%, c.1756C > T, c.1166T > G, and c.1618G > A), 5 frameshift mutations (41.7%, c.407delT, c.1702_c.1703insC, c.137delC, c.665_666delGGinsC, and c.2200delG), and 3 nonsense mutations (25.0%, c.776G > A, c.1609C > T, and c.1152G > A). There was no significant difference in age or clinical phenotype among patients with different mutation types (p > 0.05). All three mutations in the OCRL1 gene were missense mutations (c.1477C > T, c.952C > T, and c.198A > G). CONCLUSION Pediatric Dent disease is often misdiagnosed. Protein electrophoresis and genetic testing can help to provide an early and correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhenle Yang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ruixian Zang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Suwen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lichun Yu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhen Sun
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Durán M, Ariceta G, Semidey ME, Castells-Esteve C, Casal-Pardo A, Lu B, Meseguer A, Cantero-Recasens G. Renal antiporter ClC-5 regulates collagen I/IV through the β-catenin pathway and lysosomal degradation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302444. [PMID: 38670633 PMCID: PMC11053357 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Cl-/H+ antiporter ClC-5 cause Dent's disease type 1 (DD1), a rare tubulopathy that progresses to renal fibrosis and kidney failure. Here, we have used DD1 human cellular models and renal tissue from DD1 mice to unravel the role of ClC-5 in renal fibrosis. Our results in cell systems have shown that ClC-5 deletion causes an increase in collagen I (Col I) and IV (Col IV) intracellular levels by promoting their transcription through the β-catenin pathway and impairing their lysosomal-mediated degradation. Increased production of Col I/IV in ClC-5-depleted cells ends up in higher release to the extracellular medium, which may lead to renal fibrosis. Furthermore, our data have revealed that 3-mo-old mice lacking ClC-5 (Clcn5 +/- and Clcn5 -/- ) present higher renal collagen deposition and fibrosis than WT mice. Altogether, we describe a new regulatory mechanism for collagens' production and release by ClC-5, which is altered in DD1 and provides a better understanding of disease progression to renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Durán
- https://ror.org/01d5vx451 Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Ariceta
- https://ror.org/01d5vx451 Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria E Semidey
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Castells-Esteve
- https://ror.org/01d5vx451 Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Casal-Pardo
- https://ror.org/01d5vx451 Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baisong Lu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anna Meseguer
- https://ror.org/01d5vx451 Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gerard Cantero-Recasens
- https://ror.org/01d5vx451 Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
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Wang Y, Xu L, Zhang Y, Fu H, Gao L, Guan Y, Gu W, Sun J, Chen X, Yang F, Lai E, Wang J, Jin Y, Kou Z, Qiu X, Mao J, Hu L. Dent disease 1-linked novel CLCN5 mutations result in aberrant location and reduced ion currents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128564. [PMID: 38061527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Dent disease is a rare renal tubular disease with X-linked recessive inheritance characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria (LMWP), hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis. Mutations disrupting the 2Cl-/1H+ exchange activity of chloride voltage-gated channel 5 (CLCN5) have been causally linked to the most common form, Dent disease 1 (DD1), although the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we conducted the whole exome capture sequencing and bioinformatics analysis within our DD1 cohort to identify two novel causal mutations in CLCN5 (c.749 G > A, p. G250D, c.829 A > C, p. T277P). Molecular dynamics simulations of ClC-5 homology model suggested that these mutations potentially may induce structural changes, destabilizing ClC-5. Overexpression of variants in vitro revealed aberrant subcellular localization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), significant accumulation of insoluble aggregates, and disrupted ion transport function in voltage clamp recordings. Moreover, human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells overexpressing either G250D or T277P displayed higher cell-substrate adhesion, migration capability but reduced endocytic function, as well as substantially altered transcriptomic profiles with G250D resulting in stronger deleterious effects. These cumulative findings supported pathogenic role of these ClC-5 mutations in DD1 and suggested a cellular mechanism for disrupted renal function in Dent disease patients, as well as a potential target for diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Department of Biophysics, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Langping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingmiao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - EnYin Lai
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Kou
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lidan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Burballa C, Duran M, Martínez C, Ariceta G, Cantero-Recasens G, Meseguer A. Isolation and characterization of exosome-enriched urinary extracellular vesicles from Dent's disease type 1 Spanish patients. Nefrologia 2023; 43 Suppl 2:77-84. [PMID: 38286722 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dent's disease type 1 (DD1) is a rare X-linked hereditary pathology caused by CLCN5 mutations that is characterized mainly by proximal tubule dysfunction, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis, progressive chronic kidney disease, and low-weight proteinuria, the molecular hallmark of the disease. Currently, there is no specific curative treatment, only symptomatic and does not prevent the progression of the disease. In this study we have isolated and characterized urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) enriched in exosomes that will allow us to identify biomarkers associated with DD1 progression and a better understanding of the pathophysiological bases of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through a national call from the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN) and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Nephrology (AENP), urine samples were obtained from patients and controls from different Spanish hospitals, which were processed to obtain the uEVS. The data of these patients were provided by the respective nephrologists and/or extracted from the RENALTUBE registry. The uEVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation, morphologically characterized and their protein and microRNA content extracted. RESULTS 25 patients and 10 controls were recruited, from which the urine was processed to isolate the uEVs. Our results showed that the relative concentration of uEVs/mL is lower in patients compared to controls (0.26 × 106 uEVs/mL vs 1.19 × 106 uEVs/mL, p < 0.01). In addition, the uEVs of the patients were found to be significantly larger than those of the control subjects (mean diameter: 187.8 nm vs 143.6 nm, p < 0.01). Finally, our data demonstrated that RNA had been correctly extracted from both patient and control exosomes. CONCLUSIONS In this work we describe the isolation and characterization of uEVs from patients with Dent 1 disease and healthy controls, that shall be useful for the subsequent study of differentially expressed cargo molecules in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Burballa
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Duran
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Renal, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Renal, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Traslacional Vascular y Renal, IRB-Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Meseguer
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Renal, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
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Fang X, Kim JH, Cui S, Shin YJ, Lee H, Ko EJ, Cheong HI, Kim S, Kim HS, Kim M, Yang CW, Lim SW, Chung BH. Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with dent disease. Stem Cell Res 2023; 71:103140. [PMID: 37356184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dent disease, an X-linked tubular disorder, is a rare condition that leads to low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, kidney stones, and chronic kidney disease. Here, we successfully established a human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 10-year-old male with Dent disease 1 caused by the mutation of Chloride Voltage-Gated Channel 5 gene. This hiPSCs displayed features similar to human embryonic stem cells, including pluripotency-associated markers expression, normal karyotype, and the ability to differentiate into cells representing all three germ layers. The implications of this research extend to the potential development of novel treatments for Dent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianying Fang
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medcine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Cui
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medcine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Shin
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medcine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Seok Kim
- The Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- The Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medcine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medcine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medcine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hayward S, Norton J, Bownass L, Platt C, Campbell H, Watson E, Forrester N, Smithson S, Menon A. A novel likely pathogenic CLCN5 variant in Dent's disease. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:256. [PMID: 37641036 PMCID: PMC10463507 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of cases of Dent's disease are caused by pathogenic variants in the CLCN5 gene, which encodes a voltage-gated chloride ion channel (ClC-5), resulting in proximal tubular dysfunction. We present three members of the same family and one unrelated paediatric patient with the same insertion-deletion CLCN5 variant. The identification of these patients and positive familial segregation led to the re-classification of this variant from one of unknown significance to one of likely pathogenicity. CASE PRESENTATION A 41 year old male presented with end stage kidney failure, proteinuria and haematuria. Whole genome sequencing identified an insertion-deletion variant in CLCN5, resulting in a missense change (c.1744_1745delinsAA p.(Ala582Lys)). His brother and nephew, who both exhibited renal impairment, haematuria, proteinuria, glycosuria and nephrocalcinosis, were found to have the same variant. In addition, genetic testing of an unrelated paediatric patient who presented with proteinuria and hypercalciuria, demonstrated the same variant. CONCLUSIONS The identification of this novel variant in four individuals with features of Dent's disease, has led to the re-classification of the variant to one of likely pathogenicity. As a result, our patients and any future patients with the same variant can be offered a likely diagnosis, without the need for kidney biopsy, and their family members can be offered genetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hayward
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Richard Bright Renal Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - J Norton
- South West Genetic Laboratory Hub, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - L Bownass
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - C Platt
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - H Campbell
- Richard Bright Renal Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - E Watson
- South West Genetic Laboratory Hub, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - N Forrester
- South West Genetic Laboratory Hub, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - S Smithson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - A Menon
- Richard Bright Renal Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
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Shipman KE, Baty CJ, Long KR, Rbaibi Y, Cowan IA, Gerges M, Marciszyn AL, Kashlan OB, Tan RJ, Edwards A, Weisz OA. Impaired Endosome Maturation Mediates Tubular Proteinuria in Dent Disease Cell Culture and Mouse Models. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:619-640. [PMID: 36758125 PMCID: PMC10103310 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Loss of function of the 2Cl - /H + antiporter ClC-5 in Dent disease causes an unknown impairment in endocytic traffic, leading to tubular proteinuria. The authors integrated data from biochemical and quantitative imaging studies in proximal tubule cells into a mathematical model to determine that loss of ClC-5 impairs endosome acidification and delays early endosome maturation in proximal tubule cells, resulting in reduced megalin recycling, surface expression, and half-life. Studies in a Dent mouse model also revealed subsegment-specific differences in the effects of ClC-5 knockout on proximal tubule subsegments. The approach provides a template to dissect the effects of mutations or perturbations that alter tubular recovery of filtered proteins from the level of individual cells to the entire proximal tubule axis. BACKGROUND Loss of function of the 2Cl - /H + antiporter ClC-5 in Dent disease impairs the uptake of filtered proteins by the kidney proximal tubule, resulting in tubular proteinuria. Reduced posttranslational stability of megalin and cubilin, the receptors that bind to and recover filtered proteins, is believed to underlie the tubular defect. How loss of ClC-5 leads to reduced receptor expression remains unknown. METHODS We used biochemical and quantitative imaging data to adapt a mathematical model of megalin traffic in ClC-5 knockout and control cells. Studies in ClC-5 knockout mice were performed to describe the effect of ClC-5 knockout on megalin traffic in the S1 segment and along the proximal tubule axis. RESULTS The model predicts that ClC-5 knockout cells have reduced rates of exit from early endosomes, resulting in decreased megalin recycling, surface expression, and half-life. Early endosomes had lower [Cl - ] and higher pH. We observed more profound effects in ClC-5 knockout cells expressing the pathogenic ClC-5 E211G mutant. Alterations in the cellular distribution of megalin in ClC-5 knockout mice were consistent with delayed endosome maturation and reduced recycling. Greater reductions in megalin expression were observed in the proximal tubule S2 cells compared with S1, with consequences to the profile of protein retrieval along the proximal tubule axis. CONCLUSIONS Delayed early endosome maturation due to impaired acidification and reduced [Cl - ] accumulation is the primary mediator of reduced proximal tubule receptor expression and tubular proteinuria in Dent disease. Rapid endosome maturation in proximal tubule cells is critical for the efficient recovery of filtered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Shipman
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine J. Baty
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly R. Long
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Youssef Rbaibi
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabella A. Cowan
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mona Gerges
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison L. Marciszyn
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ossama B. Kashlan
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Roderick J. Tan
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aurélie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ora A. Weisz
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Mollataheri A, Mojbafan M, Hosseini R, Houman N, Mousavi M, Otoukesh H. A Study on the CLCN5 Gene in Iranian Patients: A Report of Novel and Recurrent Mutations. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:470-477. [PMID: 36646056 DOI: 10.1159/000528344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dent's disease is an X-linked inherited renal tubular disorder characterized by proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, rickets, and end-stage renal disease. Almost 60% of patients have causative mutations in the CLCN5 gene (Dent 1), and 15% of affected individuals have mutations in the OCRL1 gene (Dent 2). The aims of this study are to identify CLCN5 mutations in Iranian families with Dent's disease and to characterize the associated clinical syndromes. METHODS We studied 14 patients from 13 unrelated Iranian families with a clinical diagnosis of Dent's disease. Proteinuria was detected in all patients. Nephrolithiasis was found in 5 patient, and hematuria in 2 patients. Most of the affected individuals had nephrocalcinosis. PCR-sequencing for the CLCN5 gene was performed in all 14 patients. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has also been performed in one patient who we did not find causative mutation. RESULTS We identified four different CLCN5 mutations including one missense mutation (c.731C>T), one nonsense mutation (c.100C>T), and two novel mutations, consisting of one frameshift mutation (c.1241_1242dupAA) and one splicing mutation (c.805-2A>G). We also identified one OCRL1 mutation, one splicing mutation (c.1466 + 1G>A), using NGS. CONCLUSION This is the first report to characterize mutations in the CLCN5 gene in Iranian patients with Dent's disease and expands the spectrum of CLCN5 mutations by reporting two novel mutations, c.1241_1242dupAA and c.805-2A>G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mollataheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mojbafan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozita Hosseini
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nakisa Houman
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Otoukesh
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Priante G, Ceol M, Gianesello L, Bizzotto D, Braghetta P, Calò LA, Del Prete D, Anglani F. Emerging Perspectives on the Rare Tubulopathy Dent Disease: Is Glomerular Damage a Direct Consequence of ClC-5 Dysfunction? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1313. [PMID: 36674829 PMCID: PMC9864126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dent disease (DD1) is a rare tubulopathy caused by mutations in the CLCN5 gene. Glomerulosclerosis was recently reported in DD1 patients and ClC-5 protein was shown to be expressed in human podocytes. Nephrin and actin cytoskeleton play a key role for podocyte functions and podocyte endocytosis seems to be crucial for slit diaphragm regulation. The aim of this study was to analyze whether ClC-5 loss in podocytes might be a direct consequence of the glomerular damage in DD1 patients. Three DD1 kidney biopsies presenting focal global glomerulosclerosis and four control biopsies were analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) for nephrin and podocalyxin, and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ClC-5. ClC-5 resulted as down-regulated in DD1 vs. control (CTRL) biopsies in both tubular and glomerular compartments (p < 0.01). A significant down-regulation of nephrin (p < 0.01) in DD1 vs. CTRL was demonstrated. CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Caspase9) gene editing of CLCN5 in conditionally immortalized human podocytes was used to obtain clones with the stop codon mutation p.(R34Efs*14). We showed that ClC-5 and nephrin expression, analyzed by quantitative Reverse Transcription/Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT/PCR) and In-Cell Western (ICW), was significantly downregulated in mutant clones compared to the wild type ones. In addition, F-actin staining with fluorescent phalloidin revealed actin derangements. Our results indicate that ClC-5 loss might alter podocyte function either through cytoskeleton disorganization or through impairment of nephrin recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Priante
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani n° 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Ceol
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani n° 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Lisa Gianesello
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani n° 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Bizzotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Arcangelo Calò
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani n° 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Dorella Del Prete
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani n° 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Franca Anglani
- Kidney Histomorphology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani n° 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Durán M, Burballa C, Cantero-Recasens G, Butnaru CM, Malhotra V, Ariceta G, Sarró E, Meseguer A. Novel Dent disease 1 cellular models reveal biological processes underlying ClC-5 loss-of-function. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1413-1428. [PMID: 33987651 PMCID: PMC8283206 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dent disease 1 (DD1) is a rare X-linked renal proximal tubulopathy characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria and variable degree of hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and/or nephrolithiasis, progressing to chronic kidney disease. Although mutations in the electrogenic Cl-/H+ antiporter ClC-5, which impair endocytic uptake in proximal tubule cells, cause the disease, there is poor genotype-phenotype correlation and their contribution to proximal tubule dysfunction remains unclear. To further discover the mechanisms linking ClC-5 loss-of-function to proximal tubule dysfunction, we have generated novel DD1 cellular models depleted of ClC-5 and carrying ClC-5 mutants p.(Val523del), p.(Glu527Asp) and p.(Ile524Lys) using the human proximal tubule-derived RPTEC/TERT1 cell line. Our DD1 cellular models exhibit impaired albumin endocytosis, increased substrate adhesion and decreased collective migration, correlating with a less differentiated epithelial phenotype. Despite sharing functional features, these DD1 cell models exhibit different gene expression profiles, being p.(Val523del) ClC-5 the mutation showing the largest differences. Gene set enrichment analysis pointed to kidney development, anion homeostasis, organic acid transport, extracellular matrix organization and cell-migration biological processes as the most likely involved in DD1 pathophysiology. In conclusion, our results revealed the pathways linking ClC-5 mutations with tubular dysfunction and, importantly, provide new cellular models to further study DD1 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Durán
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Burballa
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Cantero-Recasens
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian M Butnaru
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sarró
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Meseguer
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dent disease is a rare tubulopathy characterized by manifestations of proximal tubular dysfunction, which occurs almost exclusively in males. It mainly presents symptoms in early childhood and may progress to end-stage renal failure between the 3rd and 5th decades of human life. According to its various genetic basis and to clinical signs and symptoms, researchers define two forms of Dent disease (Dent diseases 1 and 2) and suggest that these forms are produced by mutations in the CLCN5 and OCRL genes, respectively. Dent diseases 1 and 2 account for 60% and 15% of all Dent disease cases, and their genetic cause is generally understood. However, the genetic cause of the remaining 25% of Dent disease cases remains unidentified. DATA SOURCES All relevant peer-reviewed original articles published thus far have been screened out from PubMed and have been referenced. RESULTS Genetic testing has been used greatly to identify mutation types of CLCN5 and OCRL gene, and next-generation sequencing also has been used to identify an increasing number of unknown genotypes. Gene therapy may bring new hope to the treatment of Dent disease. The abuse of hormones and immunosuppressive agents for the treatment of Dent disease should be avoided to prevent unnecessary harm to children. CONCLUSIONS The current research progress in classification, genetic heterogeneity, diagnosis, and treatment of Dent disease reviewed in this paper enables doctors and researchers to better understand Dent disease and provides a basis for improved prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Quan
- Chigene (Beijing) Translational Medical Research Center Co. Ltd, E2 Biomedical Park, No. 88 Kechuang Sixth Ave, Yizhuang, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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12
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Gianesello L, Ceol M, Bertoldi L, Terrin L, Priante G, Murer L, Peruzzi L, Giordano M, Paglialonga F, Cantaluppi V, Musetti C, Valle G, Del Prete D, Anglani F. Genetic Analyses in Dent Disease and Characterization of CLCN5 Mutations in Kidney Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020516. [PMID: 31947599 PMCID: PMC7014080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dent disease (DD), an X-linked renal tubulopathy, is mainly caused by loss-of-function mutations in CLCN5 (DD1) and OCRL genes. CLCN5 encodes the ClC-5 antiporter that in proximal tubules (PT) participates in the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low molecular weight proteins. Few studies have analyzed the PT expression of ClC-5 and of megalin and cubilin receptors in DD1 kidney biopsies. About 25% of DD cases lack mutations in either CLCN5 or OCRL genes (DD3), and no other disease genes have been discovered so far. Sanger sequencing was used for CLCN5 gene analysis in 158 unrelated males clinically suspected of having DD. The tubular expression of ClC-5, megalin, and cubilin was assessed by immunolabeling in 10 DD1 kidney biopsies. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in eight DD3 patients. Twenty-three novel CLCN5 mutations were identified. ClC-5, megalin, and cubilin were significantly lower in DD1 than in control biopsies. The tubular expression of ClC-5 when detected was irrespective of the type of mutation. In four DD3 patients, WES revealed 12 potentially pathogenic variants in three novel genes (SLC17A1, SLC9A3, and PDZK1), and in three genes known to be associated with monogenic forms of renal proximal tubulopathies (SLC3A, LRP2, and CUBN). The supposed third Dent disease-causing gene was not discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gianesello
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Monica Ceol
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Loris Bertoldi
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Liliana Terrin
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Giovanna Priante
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Luisa Murer
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 CDSS Turin, Italy;
| | - Mario Giordano
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, University Hospital, P.O. Giovanni XXIII, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Fabio Paglialonga
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Musetti
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Giorgio Valle
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Dorella Del Prete
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Franca Anglani
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212-155
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Matsumoto A, Matsui I, Mori T, Sakaguchi Y, Mizui M, Ueda Y, Takahashi A, Doi Y, Shimada K, Yamaguchi S, Kubota K, Hashimoto N, Oka T, Takabatake Y, Sohara E, Hamano T, Uchida S, Isaka Y. Severe Osteomalacia with Dent Disease Caused by a Novel Intronic Mutation of the CLCN5 gene. Intern Med 2018; 57:3603-3610. [PMID: 30101934 PMCID: PMC6355425 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1272-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of Dent disease caused by a novel intronic mutation, 1348-1G>A, of the chloride voltage-gated channel 5 (CLCN5) gene. Cultured proximal tubule cells obtained from the patient showed impaired acidification of the endosome and/or lysosome, indicating that the 1348-1G>A mutation was indeed the cause of Dent disease. Although the prevalence of osteomalacia in Dent disease is low in Japan, several factors-including poor medication adherence-caused severe osteomalacia in the current case. Oral supplementation with calcium and native/active vitamin D therapy, with careful attention to medication adherence, led to the improvement of the patient's bone status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Comprehensive Kidney Disease Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Ueda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Karin Shimada
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kubota
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Oka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hamano
- Department of Comprehensive Kidney Disease Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dent disease is a rare X-linked recessive proximal tubulopathy caused by mutations in CLCN5 (Dent-1) or OCRL (Dent-2). As a rule, total protein excretion (TPE) is low in tubular proteinuria compared with glomerular disease. Several authors have reported nephrotic-range proteinuria (NP) and glomerulosclerosis in Dent disease. Therefore, we aimed to analyze protein excretion in patients with documented CLCN5 or OCRL mutations in a systematic literature review. DESIGN PubMed and Embase were searched for cases with documented CLCN5 or OCRL mutations and (semi-)quantitative data on protein excretion. The most reliable data (i.e., TPE > protein-creatinine ratio > Albustix) was used for NP classification. RESULTS Data were available on 148 patients from 47 reports: 126 had a CLCN5 and 22 an OCRLmutation. TPE was not significantly different between both forms (p = 0.11). Fifty-five of 126 (43.7 %) Dent-1 vs 13/22 (59.1 %) Dent-2 patients met the definition of NP (p = 0.25). Serum albumin was normal in all reported cases (24/148). Glomerulosclerosis was noted in 20/32 kidney biopsies and was strongly related to tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but not to kidney function or proteinuria. CONCLUSION More than half of the patients with both forms of Dent disease have NP, and the presence of low molecular weight proteinuria in a patient with NP in the absence of edema and hypoalbuminemia should prompt genetic testing. Even with normal renal function, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are present in Dent disease. The role of proteinuria in the course of the disease needs to be examined further in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri van Berkel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joanna A E van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Bökenkamp
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Sekine T. [Renal hypophosphatemia:pathophysiology and treatment]. Clin Calcium 2016; 26:284-294. [PMID: 26813509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Serum level of phosphate is regulated by the kidney, especially proximal tubule. The transcellular transport of phosphate in the proximal tubule is mediated via Na dependent transporters, i.e., NPT2a and NPT2b at the luminal membrane, and unknown channel at the basolateral side. The transport of phosphate via NPT2a and NPT2b is further regulated by factors, such as PTH, FGF23, and 1,25(OH)(2)D. Several hereditary diseases that cause hypophoshatemia specically are known. In addition, dysfunction of proximal tubule may develop Fanconi syndrome, which also causes hypherphosphaturia. In this section, I describe the renal mechanisms of phosphate handling and the causes of hypophosphatemia along with its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sekine
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Ohashi Hospital, Japan
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16
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Jian S, Wei M, He YY, Wang W, Kang YL, Sun ZX. [Clinical and genetic analysis of Dent disease in 4 Chinese children]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2015; 17:1261-1266. [PMID: 26695661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical features and gene mutations of 4 Chinese children with Dent disease. METHODS The clinical and laboratory data of 4 children with Dent disease were analyzed retrospectively. Genetic testing of the 4 cases was carried out. RESULTS All of 4 cases were boys. The first impression of Cases 1-3 was Fanconi syndrome. Proteinuria was presented as the first impression in Case 4. All 4 boys presented with low-molecular weight proteinuria (LMWP) and hypercalciuria, including 3 cases with hematuria, 1 case with kidney stones, 2 cases with nephrocalcinosis, 3 cases with hypophosphatemia, and 3 cases with rickets. Mutations of the CLCN5 gene were revealed in three patients (Cases 1, 2 and 4), including exon 6-7del, c.785_787de l(p.263del Leu) and c.1039 C>T (p.Arg347Term). The first two gene mutations had never reported before. CONCLUSIONS Urine protein electrophoresis should be carried out for patients with proteinuria. Dent disease should be taken into consideration when patients with Fanconi syndrome have hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis or kindey stones. Genetic analyses are needed for a definite diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jian
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
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17
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Zhang J, Xia ZK. [Clinical characteristics and molecular genetics of Dent's disease: an update]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2012; 50:909-912. [PMID: 23324147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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18
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Jiang F, Gao Y, Ou ZY. [A case report of genetic analysis in the OCRL1 gene in Lowe syndrome]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2012; 50:708-709. [PMID: 23158824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Vrljicak K, Batinić D, Milosević D, Nizić-Stancin L, Ludwig M. A boy with Dent-2 disease. Coll Antropol 2011; 35:925-928. [PMID: 22053580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dent-2 disease is an X-linked renal tubulopathy associated with mutations in OCRL gene. It is characterized by low-molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis and progressive renal failure. Patients may have some extra-renal symptoms of Lowe syndrome, such as peripheral cataracts, mental impairment, stunted growth or elevation of creatine kinase/lactate dehydrogenase. Our patient was suspected to suffer from Dent disease at 8 months of age because of proteinuria and hypercalciuria. He had no prominent extra-renal symptoms. OCRL mutation in exon 1 (c.217_218 del TT p.L73F, fs X1) was found. He was treated with amiloride+hydroclorthiazide and citrate with good results in reducing calciuria. His renal ultrasound, ophthalmologic and cardiologic examinations, mental development and other laboratory findings are normal till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vrljicak
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Zagreb, Croatia.
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20
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Takemura T. [Congenital disorders of renal tubulointerstitial tissue]. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 2011; 53:629-632. [PMID: 21688485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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21
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Zhu BZ, Li P, Huang JP. [Clinical and genetic analysis of Dent' s disease in 6 Chinese children with low molecular weight proteinuria]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2010; 48:329-333. [PMID: 20654030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical features and gene mutations of 6 Chinese children with Dent's disease. METHOD The clinical and laboratory data of 6 children with Dent's disease were summarized. CLCN5 gene was analyzed using PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. RESULT All the six patients presented with low molecular weight proteinuria and hypercalciuria, including 3/6 hematuria, 4/6 nephrocalcinosis, 3/6 hypophosphatemia, 1/6 rickets. Six mutations of the CLCN5 gene were revealed, including L594fsX595, R637X, R467X, IVS4-2A > G, S244L and V505G. The mutation L594fsX595, IVS4-2A > G and V505G was never reported before. CONCLUSION Low molecular weight proteinuria and hypercalciuria were the main clinical features of the six Chinese boys with Dent's disease. Dent's disease could be associated with a Bartter-like syndrome, which make the gene diagnosis more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-zhen Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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