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Sajiki Y, Konnai S, Okagawa T, Maekawa N, Nakamura H, Kato Y, Suzuki Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. A TLR7 agonist activates bovine Th1 response and exerts antiviral activity against bovine leukemia virus. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103847. [PMID: 32888966 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is a bovine chronic infection caused by BLV, a member of the genus Deltaretrovirus. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory effects of GS-9620, a toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist, in cattle (Bos taurus) and its therapeutic potential for treating BLV infection. GS-9620 induced cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as CD80 expression in CD11c+ cells and increased CD69 and interferon (IFN)-γ expressions in T cells. Removing CD11c+ cells from PBMCs decreased CD69 expression in T cells in the presence of GS-9620. These results suggest that TLR7 agonism promotes T-cell activation via CD11c+ cells. Analyses using PBMCs from BLV-infected cattle revealed that TLR7 expression in CD11c+ cells was upregulated during late-stage BLV infection. Furthermore, GS-9620 increased IFN-γ and TNF-α production and inhibited syncytium formation in vitro, suggesting that GS-9620 may be used to treat BLV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Sajiki
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Hayato Nakamura
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0019, Japan.
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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Gillet N, Florins A, Boxus M, Burteau C, Nigro A, Vandermeers F, Balon H, Bouzar AB, Defoiche J, Burny A, Reichert M, Kettmann R, Willems L. Mechanisms of leukemogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus: prospects for novel anti-retroviral therapies in human. Retrovirology 2007; 4:18. [PMID: 17362524 PMCID: PMC1839114 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1871, the observation of yellowish nodules in the enlarged spleen of a cow was considered to be the first reported case of bovine leukemia. The etiological agent of this lymphoproliferative disease, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), belongs to the deltaretrovirus genus which also includes the related human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This review summarizes current knowledge of this viral system, which is important as a model for leukemogenesis. Recently, the BLV model has also cast light onto novel prospects for therapies of HTLV induced diseases, for which no satisfactory treatment exists so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gillet
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Florins
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Boxus
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Catherine Burteau
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Annamaria Nigro
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Fabian Vandermeers
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hervé Balon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Amel-Baya Bouzar
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julien Defoiche
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Arsène Burny
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Kettmann
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium
- Luc Willems, National fund for Scientific Research, Molecular and Cellular Biology laboratory, 13 avenue Maréchal Juin, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Abstract
The antiviral effects of recombinant bovine interferon-tau (rboIFN-tau) on bovine leukemia virus (BLV) were examined in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro experiments, BLV titers decreased in FLK-BLV cells and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of BLV-infected cattle treated with rboIFN-tau at a concentration higher than 10(2) U/ml. In order to examine the in vivo effects of rboIFN-tau, 10 BLV-infected cattle were subcutaneously injected with rboIFN-tau. In the first experiment, 6 cows were administrated with 10(5) U/kg body weight of rboIFN-tau 3 times per week for 4 weeks, while in the second experiment 4 cows were administrated with 10(6) U/kg body weight of rboIFN-tau 3 times per week for 3 weeks. No adverse effects were observed after the administration of rboIFN-tau. In experiment No. 1, the mean BLV titers in cattle decreased in the post-rboIFN-tau administration period compared to the pre-rboIFN-tau administration period. In experiment No. 2, the mean BLV titers in cattle decreased in the rboIFN-tau administration period. These results suggest that rboIFN-tau decreases BLV titers in vitro and in vivo and that rboIFN-tau possibly reduces the degree of BLV titer in cattle without severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kohara
- Hokkaido Animal Research Center, Shintoku, Japan
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Florins A, Gillet N, Asquith B, Boxus M, Burteau C, Twizere JC, Urbain P, Vandermeers F, Debacq C, Sanchez-Alcaraz MT, Schwartz-Cornil I, Kerkhofs P, Jean G, Théwis A, Hay J, Mortreux F, Wattel E, Reichert M, Burny A, Kettmann R, Bangham C, Willems L. Cell dynamics and immune response to BLV infection: a unifying model. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2007; 12:1520-31. [PMID: 17127399 DOI: 10.2741/2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine Leukemia virus (BLV) is the natural etiological agent of a lymphoproliferative disease in cattle. BLV can also be transmitted experimentally to a related ruminant species, sheep, in which the pathogenesis is more acute. Although both susceptible species develop a strong anti-viral immune response, the virus persists indefinitely throughout life, apparently at a transcriptionally silent stage, at least in a proportion of infected cells. Soon after infection, these humoral and cytotoxic activities very efficiently abolish the viral replicative cycle, permitting only mitotic expansion of provirus-carrying cells. Short term cultures of these infected cells initially indicated that viral expression protects against spontaneous apoptosis, suggesting that leukemia is a process of accumulation of long-lived cells. This conclusion was recently reconsidered following in vivo dynamic studies based on perfusions of nucleoside (bromodeoxyuridine) or fluorescent protein markers (CFSE). In sheep, the turnover rate of infected cells is increased, suggesting that a permanent clearance process is exerted by the immune system. Lymphocyte trafficking from and to the secondary lymphoid organs is a key component in the maintenance of cell homeostasis. The net outcome of the immune selective pressure is that only cells in which the virus is transcriptionally silenced survive and accumulate, ultimately leading to lymphocytosis. Activation of viral and/or cellular expression in this silent reservoir with deacetylase inhibitors causes the collapse of the proviral loads. In other words, modulation of viral expression appears to be curative in lymphocytic sheep, an approach that might also be efficient in patients infected with the related Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. In summary, a dynamic interplay between BLV and the host immune response modulates a complex equilibrium between (i) viral expression driving (or) favoring proliferation and (ii) viral silencing preventing apoptosis. As conclusion, we propose a hypothetical model unifying all these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Florins
- Molecular and Cellular biology, FNRS-FUSAG, Gembloux, Belgium
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Murakami K, Sentsui H, Inoshima Y, Inumaru S. Increase in gammadelta T cells in the blood of cattle persistently infected with bovine leukemia virus following administration of recombinant bovine IFN-gamma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 101:61-71. [PMID: 15261693 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Revised: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 04/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of recombinant bovine interferon-gamma (rbIFN-gamma) on cattle persistently infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), BLV-infected cattle were inoculated intraperitoneally with IFN-gamma. All cattle were febrile after inoculation with IFN-gamma and then recovered within 48 h. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were decreased for 2-3 days and then their numbers were recovered. The number of gammadelta T cells increased after the fever. In contrast, the number of IgM+ lymphocytes remained low for about 1 week. Moreover, the numbers of syncytia produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased and remained low compared to that before IFN-gamma administration. These results suggest that IFN-gamma induces the up-regulation of gammadelta T cells, decreases the number of IgM+ lymphocytes and suppresses the growth of BLV in BLV-infected cattle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Murakami
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Sargison
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin, Midlothian
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