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Abstract
These nurses practice where the health and legal systems intersect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Dzierzawski
- Brenda Dzierzawski is the forensic nursing clinical coordinator and a visiting instructor at Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI. She is also a forensic nurse examiner at Turning Point of Macomb County. Contact author: . The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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Ethical Expert Witness Testimony. J Forensic Nurs 2024; 20:E8-E9. [PMID: 38373104 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Forensic nurses are routinely called upon to provide expert consultation and witness testimony. Nearly half of the enumerated standards in the Forensic Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice reference competencies directly related or complementary to ethical testimony. Requests from the field, coupled with the increasing opportunities for forensic nurses to serve as expert witnesses, necessitate the development of clear parameters for ethical expert witness testimony.
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Meisinger K, Tilley DS. Forensic Nursing's Contributions to Mitigating Sexual Violence on College Campuses. J Forensic Nurs 2024; 20:1-2. [PMID: 38373103 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Meisinger
- Author Affiliations:School of Nursing and Health Sciences & Public Health, Capella University
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Han M, Lee NJ, Lee S. Development and evaluation of a forensic nursing competency-based hybrid simulation education program: A quasi-experimental design. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 73:103819. [PMID: 37925835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to develop and validate the effectiveness of a hybrid simulation education program designed to enhance the forensic nursing competency of emergency department nurses. BACKGROUND Emergency nurses often bear the responsibility of conducting forensic nursing assessments and interventions, such as patient recognition and evidence collection, to safeguard patients' legal rights, given their frequent encounters with emergency department patients. Simulation methods have proven effective in training for forensic nursing care. However, there is still a need for the development of forensic nursing education using simulation methods. DESIGN This study employed a one-group pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design. A four-hour simulation education program was developed based on the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model, with a focus on enhancing forensic nursing competency. METHODS Nurses with more than six months of clinical experience in the emergency department in South Korea were divided into an experimental group (n=23) and a baseline comparison group (n=24). Both groups completed self-evaluations of their forensic nursing competency through a survey. The experimental group underwent the simulation education program, and their forensic nursing performance was evaluated before and after the program. Following the training, participants completed a questionnaire to assess their forensic nursing competency and satisfaction with the program. RESULTS The initial forensic nursing competency of the experimental and baseline comparison groups was found to be similar. However, the forensic nursing competency and performance of the experimental group exhibited significant improvement after the training. Regarding program evaluation, the average scores on a 5-point scale were as follows: theoretical lecture (4.79 SD 0.27), simulation education (4.78 SD 0.29), simulation design (4.42 SD 0.45), and satisfaction with the educational program (4.82 SD 0.28). CONCLUSIONS The forensic nursing competency-based simulation education program herein improved the relevant competency and performance of emergency nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Han
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Ju Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - SangHan Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Defense Institute of Forensic Science, Criminal Investigation Command, Ministry of National Defense, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hoffman SJ, Dillon T, Moore KM, Frerich EA, Porta CM. A Trauma-Informed Mentoring Framework for Forensic Nurses: An Overview of STEERR-Structure, Process, and Evaluation. J Forensic Nurs 2023; 19:240-252. [PMID: 37318307 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The STEERR Mentoring Framework, grounded in decolonized and feminist mentorship approaches, integrates foundational principles of mentoring with the unique and complex characteristics of the role of the forensic nurse. The primary objective of the program is to support a competent, sustainable, and resilient forensic nursing workforce. In this article, we describe the development process, framework structure, and evaluation approach implemented within a 1-year pilot initiative focused on forensic nurses in the sexual assault nurse examiner role. We reflect on strategies for broader application and replication in forensic nursing programs across the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Hoffman
- Author Affiliations: University of Minnesota School of Nursing
| | - Tara Dillon
- Author Affiliations: University of Minnesota School of Nursing
| | | | - Ellen A Frerich
- Author Affiliations: University of Minnesota School of Nursing
| | - Carolyn M Porta
- Author Affiliations: University of Minnesota School of Nursing
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Gary JC, Charles L, Mitchell S. Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Education Needs in Texas. J Forensic Nurs 2023; 19:E45-E52. [PMID: 36994994 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: As with many areas of the nation, Texas lacks a robust sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) workforce. A program in Texas offers courses to educate and expand SANE skills to better provide trauma-informed care to vulnerable populations. Methods: A survey to stakeholders of a SANE educational program, as part of a planned program evaluation, elicited not only barriers to providing care but also specific program needs to better expand access to sexual assault and domestic violence medical forensic examinations in Texas. Results: In January 2022, a total of 40 stakeholders, all registered nurses in the state of Texas, provided vital information on their current program. Analysis of written survey responses provided themes regarding barriers to providing SANE care and suggestions for expanded education. Discussion: The survey provided valuable feedback and comments on the perceptions of the current SANE program. Written responses offered direction for additional learning desires of SANEs associated with the program as well as areas for the program to expand to meet the needs of the learners. This stakeholder guidance has implications beyond this one SANE education program to enhance and expand other programs based on learner needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie C Gary
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, Texas A&M University
| | - Laurie Charles
- Center for Excellence in Forensic Nursing, School of Nursing, Texas A&M University
| | - Stacey Mitchell
- Center for Excellence in Forensic Nursing, School of Nursing, Texas A&M University
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Peternelj-Taylor C. Journal of Forensic Nursing 2022 Articles of the Year. J Forensic Nurs 2023; 19:222. [PMID: 37963357 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
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da Silva TASM, Haberland DF, Kneodler TDS, Duarte ACDS, Williams J, de Oliveira AB. Forensic Nursing competencies in disasters situations: scoping review. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20220486. [PMID: 37791871 PMCID: PMC10549263 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0486en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To map sources of technical-scientific information on Forensic Nursing competencies in disasters situations. METHOD Scoping review developed in accordance with the JBI methodology, carried out in three stages by two reviewers independently on selected databases and gray literature, using keywords and descriptors. After reading them in full, we proceeded with data extraction and content analysis of 28 publications. RESULTS Identified 24 publications in English, 20 of which were produced in the United States of America. 24 competencies of forensic nurses in disasters situations were mapped, including: training; resource management; link with the justice service; direct care; psycho-emotional care; collection and preservation of traces; registration and documentation with photography; body management; maintenance of the chain of custody; and epidemiological surveillance. CONCLUSION The forensic nurse acts in all phases of disasters with the affected people, families and communities, under an interdisciplinary perspective. The development of competencies aimed at the practice of Forensic Nursing in disasters should be incorporated into the training strategies of these professionals, in order to obtain better response standards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thais da Silva Kneodler
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Joyce Williams
- Stevenson University, Berman School of Nursing and Health Professions, Owings Mills, MD, USA
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Peternelj-Taylor C. Getting to Know the Journal of Forensic Nursing Editorial Board. Journal of Forensic Nursing 2023; 19:145-149. [PMID: 37590936 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
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Domingue JL, Jacob JD, Perron A, Foth T, Pariseau-Legault P. The Forensic Psychiatric Network of Observation and Documentation: At the Intersection of Review Board Hearings and Nursing Practice. J Forensic Nurs 2023; 19:21-29. [PMID: 35363647 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forensic psychiatric nursing is a specialty at the junction of two well-researched intersecting systems with two mandates: criminal justice and health care. Nurses' involvement at one of the systems' points of juncture, review board (RB) hearings, has largely been left unexplored. At RB hearings, a panel of legal and healthcare professionals determines if persons unfit to stand trial (UST) or not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCR) represent significant threats to the safety of the public and orders conditions aimed at keeping the community safe. The aim of this article is to present the results of a critical ethnography that explored how psychiatric and public safety discourses construct the identity of persons UST or NCR during RB hearings as well as nurses' contribution to such identity construction. The main finding is that the forensic psychiatric structure leverages nursing interventions and documentation as evidence of deviancy, so that persons UST or NCR can be objectified and produced as dangerous. Structures sustaining the forensic psychiatric system inscribe nursing care within a disciplinary scheme, rendering the care-and-custody dichotomy insufficient to explain the complex processes at play in forensic psychiatry. These findings have implications for the practice of nurses working in forensic psychiatric settings and for that of other nurses who practice on the medicolegal borderland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amélie Perron
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, University of Ottawa
| | - Thomas Foth
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, University of Ottawa
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Scafide KN, Ekroos RA, Mallinson RK, Alshahrani A, Volz J, Holbrook DS, Hayat MJ. Improving the Forensic Documentation of Injuries Through Alternate Light: A Researcher-Practitioner Partnership. J Forensic Nurs 2023; 19:30-40. [PMID: 36812372 PMCID: PMC9940828 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An alternate light source (ALS) is a practitioner-driven technology that can potentially improve the documentation of injuries among victims of interpersonal violence. However, evidence-based guidelines are needed to incorporate and document an ALS skin assessment into a forensic medical examination that accurately reflects the science, context of forensic nursing practice, trauma-informed responses, and potential impact on criminal justice stakeholders. This article introduces the forensic nursing community to a current translation-into-practice project focused on developing and evaluating an ALS implementation program to improve the assessment and documentation of bruises among adult patients with a history of interpersonal violence. Our researcher-practitioner collaboration uses theory-based approaches that consider both the developed program's practice context and stakeholder impact. The goal is to provide evidentiary support for adult victims of violence and a more equitable forensic nursing practice that benefits diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N. Scafide
- Author Affiliations:College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University
| | | | - R. Kevin Mallinson
- Author Affiliations:College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University
| | - Abeer Alshahrani
- Author Affiliations:College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University
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Firuzi Z, Sabet MS, Jafaraghaee F, Jafari H, Leyli EK, Karkhah S, Ghazanfari MJ. Effect of a forensic nursing virtual education course on knowledge and clinical decision-making of master’s nursing students in Iran: a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test study. J Educ Eval Health Prof 2022; 19:20. [PMID: 36002387 DOI: 10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Forensic nursing is a specialty in the nursing profession based on legal procedures. This study aimed to assess the effect of a forensic nursing virtual education course on knowledge and clinical decision-making among master’s nursing students. METHODS In a quasi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test, 106 master’s nursing students at Guilan (n=65) and Mazandaran (n=41) Universities of Medical Sciences, Iran were enrolled. Data were collected using census sampling from March to April 2021. Participants in the intervention group received a forensic nursing virtual education course in three 90-minute sessions for 2 days. RESULTS A total of 88 out of 106 master’s nursing students were enrolled in this study. The mean post-education score for knowledge in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (12.52 vs. 7.67, P<0.001). The mean post-education score for clinical decision-making in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (16.96 vs. 13.64, P<0.001). CONCLUSION The level of knowledge and clinical decision-making of master’s nursing students regarding forensic evidence improved after the forensic nursing virtual education course in the intervention group compared to the control group. Nursing managers and policymakers can develop appropriate strategies to improve the knowledge and clinical decision-making of nursing students by using forensic nursing education courses in the curricula of nursing programs, especially in postgraduate education as an elective or mandatory course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Firuzi
- Medical-Surgical Nursing Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Beheshti University, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht,
Iran
| | - Mitra Sedghi Sabet
- Department of Nursing (Medical-Surgical), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fateme Jafaraghaee
- Department of Nursing (Medical-Surgical), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hedayat Jafari
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction
Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli
- Department of Bio-statistics, Road Trauma Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samad Karkhah
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Hite A, Overstreet W, Giefer C, Belcher G. Innovative Assessments for Retention of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners. J Forensic Nurs 2022; 18:185-188. [PMID: 35384937 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Southeast Kansas (SEK) comprehensive rural Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANE) program was developed as part of an effort to increase the availability of SANE services nationwide. The primary goal of the program is to provide education to assist with training and certification of registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses in SEK to conduct sexual assault forensic examinations and become certified. This will provide better physical and mental health care for survivors and better evidence collection and higher prosecution rates in a rural, medically underserved area. The project established a rural academic-practice-community partnership to provide longitudinal immersive SANE clinical training. The success of the project in SEK will be impacted by the retention of SANEs; therefore, the integration of the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) self-assessment was seen as an important component of the grant implementation. ProQOL determines compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. The data collected from SANEs on their self-assessments with the ProQOL lead to early identification of SANEs experiencing negative effects of forensic nursing and the ability to intervene for decreased attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hite
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, Pittsburg State University
| | - Wendy Overstreet
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, Pittsburg State University
| | - Cheryl Giefer
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, Pittsburg State University
| | - Greg Belcher
- Kansas Center for Career and Technical Education at PSU
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Morris A, Goletz S, Friona J. Indiana Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Training Initiative: Positive Impacts for Medical Forensic Care. J Forensic Nurs 2022; 18:146-155. [PMID: 35271529 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indiana ranks among the highest in the nation for child abuse and neglect reports. Already facing a persistent shortage of sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) to serve patients across the life span, residents with medical forensic needs were often being referred to other hospitals across the state for care or simply were not receiving medical forensic examinations because of lack of access to trained examiners. The Indiana SANE Training Project was established to evaluate the forensic nursing workforce throughout Indiana and work to expand access to qualified SANEs through training and collaboration with stakeholders, with a focus on rural and underserved areas of the state. METHODS The Project gathered information from nurses who participated in activities during the first Project year. This information was evaluated for service gaps and ongoing training needs. The project coordinator then convened a workgroup of stakeholders and subject matter experts to evaluate and respond to the most immediate need-limited access to pediatric medical forensic providers. RESULTS From September 2018 to December 2019, nurses were trained by the Project ( n = 160). Of those, 86% indicated that their hospital did not provide medical forensic examinations to pediatric patients. The Pediatric SANE Intensive was launched in October 2020 and trained pediatric SANEs ( n = 28). Upon completion, participants reported 47% increase in confidence and 56% increase in competence related to caring for pediatric patients. DISCUSSION Statewide collaboration is a critical component of establishing a consistent approach to care, strengthening multidisciplinary partnerships, increasing access to medical forensic services across the life span and in rural and underserved areas, and promoting the Indiana Guidelines for Medical Forensic Examination of Pediatric Sexual Abuse Patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane Friona
- Author Affiliations: University of Southern Indiana
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Langness M, Zweig JM, Tiry E, Henderson E, Stahlmann N, Bastomski S. Examining the Implementation of the National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations. J Forensic Nurs 2022; 18:67-77. [PMID: 35175998 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations, Adult/Adolescent, 2nd edition, or SAFE Protocol, is a voluntary guide that assists local and state jurisdictions with their responses to sexual assault by institutionalizing best practices around survivor care and evidence collection, particularly for sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) completing medical forensic examinations. We examined the uptake of the SAFE Protocol in communities across the United States by analyzing data from a set of national surveys of forensic nursing programs and victim advocates within the same communities. We studied four implementation outcomes: the acceptability, adoption, reach, and sustainability of the SAFE Protocol. SANEs and advocates reported that stakeholders responding to sexual assault-including forensic nurses, advocates, law enforcement, and prosecutors-have high implementation of the Protocol, which indicates how important individual stakeholder engagement is in actively facilitating the adoption of it. However, when information from SANEs and advocates from the same community are compared, the extent to which the SAFE Protocol is reported to be implemented with fidelity across U.S. jurisdictions is mixed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Bastomski
- Council of State Governments Justice Center Research Manager
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Drake SA, Burton C. Trauma-Informed Approaches to Medicolegal Death Investigation: A Forensic Nursing Perspective. J Forensic Nurs 2022; 18:85-90. [PMID: 35143439 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forensic nurses engaged in medicolegal death investigations experience trauma-induced responses in responding to, investigating, and documenting sudden unexpected deaths. The trauma of these repeated experiences often results in diminished performance, job dissatisfaction, and burnout. The principles of trauma-informed care are not new but have not been incorporated into death investigation practices. When coupled with medicolegal death investigation procedures, application of these principles can help to alleviate distress for forensic nurses, colleagues, and decedents of concerned families. This case series illustrates how the principles of trauma-informed care can be implemented to enhance communication, deescalate emotional or threatening situations, and prevent retraumatization in the context of medicolegal death investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Drake
- Author Affiliations:Texas A&M University College of Nursing
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Ready for Anything: A Holistic Approach to Training SANEs. J Forensic Nurs 2022; 18:E4. [PMID: 35170884 DOI: 10.1097/JFN.0000000000000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Mitchell SA, Charles LA, Downing N. Increasing Access to Forensic Nursing Services in Rural and Underserved Areas of Texas. J Forensic Nurs 2022; 18:21-29. [PMID: 35170882 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault is prevalent in the Unites States. Many areas of the country lack access to sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs), especially in rural areas. The U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration Advanced Nursing Education-Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner educational grant provided an opportunity to improve equity and reduce disparity in rural and underserved communities by offering education and simulation experiences in the care of sexual assault patients. Through the Texas A&M Health Center of Excellence in Forensic Nursing, Texas A&M University College of Nursing developed an innovative program using simulated medical forensic examinations and mock testimony education. Rapid cycle quality improvement was utilized to adapt quickly to feedback and meet overarching goals. This article describes development and adaptation of the program using rapid cycle quality improvement processes and progress in recruitment, retention, and certification of nurses to provide sexual assault care in rural and underserved areas of Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Mitchell
- Author Affiliations: Texas A&M University College of Nursing and Texas A&M Health Center of Excellence in Forensic Nursing
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Colbert AM, Sekula LK. A Major Investment in the United States Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Workforce. J Forensic Nurs 2022; 18:1-3. [PMID: 35170880 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Ouellette L, McCoy J, Bush C, Rossman L, Kolacki C, Rossman P, Jones JS. Comparative prevalence of anogenital injury following sexual assault in women who have had recent consensual sexual contact. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 51:124-126. [PMID: 34735970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency and types of anogenital trauma in rape victims as a function of the time interval between the assault and recent (72 h) consensual sexual intercourse. METHODS This retrospective cohort trial evaluated consecutive female patients, age 13 years or older, presenting to a community-based nurse examiner clinic (NEC) during a 5-year study period. The NEC facility is staffed by forensic nurses trained to perform medical-legal examinations using colposcopy with nuclear staining and digital imaging. Eligible patients were classified into five different groups based on the time interval from the last consensual intercourse to the forensic examination (none, 0-24 h, 25-48 h, 49-72 h, 73-96 h). Patient demographics, assault characteristics, and injury patterns were recorded using a standardized classification system. RESULTS A total of 947 cases of sexual assault met the inclusion criteria and were divided into five groups. The age range was 13 to 87 years (mean, 23.9 years); 78% were examined within 24 h following sexual assault. The five study groups were comparable in terms of demographics, assault history, and incidence of non-genital injuries. The overall frequency, type, or location of anogenital injury did not vary significantly between groups (p > 0.5). CONCLUSION This is the first clinical study to systematically compare the prevalence and typology of anogenital injuries in sexual assault victims who have had consensual intercourse within four days before a forensic exam. The frequency, type or location of anogenital trauma did not vary significantly based on the time interval from last consensual intercourse to the forensic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Ouellette
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Jessica McCoy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Colleen Bush
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Spectrum Health Hospitals, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Linda Rossman
- YWCA West Central MI, Nurse Examiner Program, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | | | - Peter Rossman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Spectrum Health Hospitals, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
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Peternelj-Taylor C. The Global Reach of the Journal of Forensic Nursing. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:189-190. [PMID: 34807546 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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22
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Peternelj-Taylor C. Journal of Forensic Nursing 2020 Articles of the Year. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:193. [PMID: 34807548 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Miyamoto S, Thiede E, Wright EN, Berish D, Perkins DF, Bittner C, Dorn L, Scanlon D. The Implementation of the Sexual Assault Forensic Examination Telehealth Center: A Program Evaluation. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:E24-E33. [PMID: 34132652 PMCID: PMC8387343 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substantial disparities in the quality of post-sexual-assault (SA) care exist in the United States, particularly in rural areas. This study evaluates the implementation of the Sexual Assault Forensic Examination Telehealth Center, a program to improve SA care by increasing access to experienced sexual assault nurse examiners via telehealth, in three rural hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Dynamic Sustainability Framework (DSF) guided the implementation of the intervention. Survey and implementation data were evaluated 1 year after implementation using a nonexperimental pre-post design. Outcomes include patient and nurse perceptions of telehealth, local site nurse (LSN) confidence, and hospital protocol/policy changes. RESULTS Forty-one telehealth consultations were completed in the program's first year. An average of 34 system-level protocol changes were made per site. LSNs demonstrated statistically significant increases in confidence to provide SA care at 1 year. LSNs and telehealth sexual assault nurse examiners (expert consultants) reported that quality of SA care improved (87% and 83%, respectively). Patients highly rated the care they received (83%), reported telehealth improved care (78%), and reported feeling better after the examination (74%). DISCUSSION Using the DSF for implementation supported a tailored approach and successful adoption and also allowed for program iteration based on lessons learned. CONCLUSIONS The Sexual Assault Forensic Examination Telehealth model resulted in improved local nurse confidence in provision of SA care, nurse perception of improvement in care quality, and high patient care experience ratings. These findings and the use of the DSF have implications for SA specialty care implementation in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Scanlon
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, The Pennsylvania State University
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Tsunematsu K, Fukumoto Y, Yanai K. Ethical Issues Encountered by Forensic Psychiatric Nurses in Japan. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:163-172. [PMID: 34091535 PMCID: PMC8389350 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Criminals in Japan with mental disorders face penal servitude in prison or treatment under the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act, depending on their ability to take responsibility for their criminal acts. Forensic psychiatric nurses caring for this group may face various ethical issues. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify ethical issues forensic psychiatric nurses in Japan encountered. METHOD We used the Ethical Issues Scale to conduct a survey among forensic healthcare ward nurses and analyzed the data using descriptive statistics. We also conducted semistructured interviews with individual nurses who provided signed consent and responded to the initial survey on ethical issues they encountered. These data were analyzed using Berelson's content analysis. RESULTS Of 175 nurses, 131 answered our survey. The most frequently encountered ethical issue was "protecting patients' rights and human dignity," and the most disturbing ethical issue was "providing nursing care with possible health risks." Seventy-seven percent of the nurses chose to discuss with peers when resolving the ethical issues. Seventeen nurses who were interviewed described these forensic psychiatric nursing-related ethical distresses and conflicts: difficulty in discharge management, prevention of violence and self-harm, compulsory treatment, patient care, and negative emotions toward patient. CONCLUSION Forensic psychiatric nurses in Japan face difficulties regarding respecting patients' rights. They strive to respect patients' rights by using their expertise as nurses while sharing their difficulties with colleagues. It is important to develop a support system for social reintegration to solve ethical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko Fukumoto
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing
| | - Keiko Yanai
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing
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Peternelj-Taylor C. On Becoming a Peer Reviewer for the Journal of Forensic Nursing. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:127-128. [PMID: 34432406 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Shaw J, Coates V. Emergency Contraception Administration, Toxicology Kit Use, and Postassault Reporting: A Comparison of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) and Non-SANE Medical Providers. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:146-153. [PMID: 33756528 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) are specially trained to meet the postassault medical forensic needs of sexual assault patients. However, there remains a dearth of literature comparing directly postassault service provision and action in cases treated by SANEs as compared to non-SANE medical providers. In this study, we compare rates of emergency contraception administration, toxicology kit use, reports to police at the time of examination, and mandatory child abuse reports among n = 3,969 sexual assault cases treated by SANEs and non-SANE medical providers. Compared to cases treated by non-SANE medical providers, cases treated by SANEs were significantly more likely to have emergency contraception administered, less likely to have a toxicology kit collected, less likely to have a police report filed at the time of examination, and more likely to have a mandatory child abuse report filed. Observed patterns suggest that non-SANE medical providers may find it difficult to balance the needs of the criminal justice system with those of their patients, whereas SANEs provide a tailored, comprehensive first response. We discuss the importance of consistent, accurate documentation and clearly defined protocols in the medical forensic response to sexual assault patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Shaw
- Author Affiliations:Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago
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Wickwire KA, Valentine JL, Downing N, Cochran CB, Drake S, Sekula LK, Jennings S. Forensic Nursing Research: The Basics Explained. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:173-181. [PMID: 34162802 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a growing profession, forensic nursing requires research to establish best practice guidelines leading to evidence-based practice. In addition, forensic nursing quality improvement projects are necessary to evaluate and improve practices and policies. The purpose of this article is to provide step-by-step guidelines on research and quality improvement projects to encourage all forensic nurses to actively contribute to and utilize research in practice. Research will expand our forensic nursing science and knowledge base. Ultimately, forensic nursing research will benefit our patients and communities by establishing enhanced, evidence-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy Downing
- Center of Excellence in Forensic Nursing, Texas A&M University
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McNair SM, Boisvert L. Prevalence of Adult Female Genital Trauma After Acute Sexual Assault: The Need for a Universal Definition of Genital Trauma. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:140-145. [PMID: 34091536 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examination of the adult female genitalia after an acute sexual assault may reveal findings interpreted by the examiner as injuries, which may be linked to later legal outcomes. There is no consistent definition in the literature regarding what findings constitute genital trauma after sexual assault. We studied how the prevalence of genital trauma is impacted by the inclusion/exclusion of various genital findings reported in the literature. METHODS A retrospective descriptive chart review of the sexual assault forensic records from a provincial regional sexual assault treatment center was conducted over a 4-year period and included 67 female patients, 12 years old and over, who reported being sexually assaulted in the previous 72 hours and received a complete forensic examination. We studied the prevalence of genital trauma, using eight definitions of trauma, as well as the percentage of each type of genital finding within this population. RESULTS The prevalence of genital trauma in this population ranged from 52%, the majority, to 31% of women, depending on the definition of trauma utilized. Forty-one percent of the findings, the greatest number overall, were redness. Bruises, abrasions, and tears (lacerations), the components of blunt force trauma, accounted for 4%, 15%, and 14% of the findings, respectively. INTERPRETATION A universal definition of what findings constitute genital trauma after acute sexual assault is required if the examiner, as expert witness, is to compare findings in a given case with the broader literature and assist the court in ensuring an informed process of decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie Boisvert
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre
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Green JS, Brummer A, Mogg D, Purcell J. Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner/Forensic Nurse Hospital-based Staffing Solution: A Business Plan Development and Evaluation. J Emerg Nurs 2021; 47:643-653.e2. [PMID: 33892950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nationally and internationally, providing competent and sustainable sexual assault nurse examiner/forensic nurse coverage has been a shared challenge. This project, "Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner/Forensic Nurse Hospital-based Staffing Solution: A Business Plan Development and Evaluation," provides an example for assessment, construction, implementation, and evaluation of a business plan for a sustainable sexual assault nurse examiner/forensic nurse staffing solution. By using preexisting float pool positions and converting them to sexual assault nurse examiner emergency nurses, coverage for sexual assault nurse examiner examinations in a 16-hospital health system was established, which decreased sexual assault nurse examiner turnover related to burnout while increasing the sustainability of sexual assault nurse examiner nurses who provided quality care to patients who had experienced a sexual assault, domestic or intimate partner violence, elder or child abuse or neglect, assault, strangulation, or human trafficking. Implementation of the business plan resulted in a 179% increase in completed sexual assault nurse examiner examinations and a 242% increase in all types of completed forensic examinations from 2015 to 2019 as 7 new community hospitals were added to the health system. A sum of more than $20 000 allocated for training new sexual assault nurse examiners/forensic nurses was saved per year by using a sexual assault nurse examiner emergency nurse. By creating a supportive structure that fosters and sustains sexual assault nurse examiners/forensic nurses, both medical and mental health concerns can be addressed through trauma-informed care techniques that will affect lifelong health and healing as well as engagement in the criminal justice process for patients who have experienced sexual assault, abuse, neglect, and violence.
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Valentine JL, Presler-Jur P, Mills H, Miles S. Evidence Collection and Analysis for Touch Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Groping and Sexual Assault Cases. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:67-75. [PMID: 33843809 PMCID: PMC8140663 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Historically, evidence collection in sexual assault cases focused on obtaining foreign contributor bodily fluids through swab collection. With improvements in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis methods, DNA profiles can be developed from touch DNA and applied to sexual assault cases. Following a literature review on factors affecting touch DNA transfer, a groping case study with innovative evidence collection is presented to support the expansion of touch DNA evidence collection in sexual assault cases. The groping case led to the development of a statewide sexual assault touch DNA form to guide evidence collection. DNA findings from additional groping sexual assault cases are reported to further show and justify the importance of evidence collection in groping cases. Implications on multidisciplinary practices are summarized to promote evidence collection and analysis in groping sexual assault cases. As forensic nurses are educated to accurately collect DNA evidence and provide trauma-informed, patient-centered care, they are best suited to provide nursing care for patients who have experienced groping sexual assaults. Optimal DNA findings in groping and sexual assault cases are best achieved through development of strong multidisciplinary, collaborative relationships between forensic nurses and forensic scientists.
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Markowitz J. From Clinic to Courtroom: A Commitment to Nursing Excellence. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:65-66. [PMID: 34432401 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Bracewell TE, Greenwood LM. Child Sexual Assault Nurse Examinations and Prosecutorial Decisions to Accept or Reject Cases of Child Sexual Abuse. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:E10-E17. [PMID: 34432403 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prosecution of child sexual abuse (CSA) cases provides safety for communities and justice for victims. Prosecutorial decisions are multifactorial and include the presence of a structured coordinated community response to outcries and access to skilled healthcare providers. This study examines the impact forensic nurse sexual assault examinations (SAEs) have on prosecution in a population of children seen at a child advocacy center (CAC). METHODS The authors examined case data from 553 cases of reported CSA, seen by a forensic nurse in a CAC. RESULTS Statistical analysis focused on prosecution decisions with and without SAE, with and without physical findings. Logistic regression determined prosecution occurred more often when SAE had been conducted (p = 0.026, OR = 1.732, 95% CI [1.068, 2.808]), regardless of examination findings. LIMITATIONS The limitations include a single location for data and the multifactorial reasons for prosecution of cases. DISCUSSION The multifactorial elements contributing to prosecutorial decisions are diverse. The formalized approaches in CACs historically show increased prosecution. Teasing out the impact of an SAE in a CAC may be reflective of positive CAC approaches. Regardless, a statistically significant finding of association uniquely with the SAE, with or without findings, implies more studies are needed to support the role of the forensic nurse in successful prosecutions of CSA cases.
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Downing NR. International Association of Forensic Nurses President's Message. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:E18-E22. [PMID: 34432404 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Downing
- Author Affiliation: Texas A&M University Center of Excellence in Forensic Nursing
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Valentine JL, Sekula LK, Lynch V. Evolution of Forensic Nursing Theory--Introduction of the Constructed Theory of Forensic Nursing Care: A Middle-Range Theory. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 16:188-198. [PMID: 32379251 PMCID: PMC7678647 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The constructed theory of forensic nursing care is a middle-range nursing theory developed from the integrated practice model for forensic nursing science, a conceptual framework. Theory evolution was achieved following a critique of the conceptual framework and through inductive and deductive reasoning. A review of nursing theory growth and significance of middle-range theories is presented as background information in understanding the importance of this emerging forensic nursing middle-range theory. The philosophical and theoretical foundations of forensic nursing are bolstered with the addition of three nursing theories, two healthcare models and one social theory. Links are made between theory components and the current state of forensic nursing. Assumptions and concepts are clearly defined. The middle-range theory provides three testable propositions to frame forensic nursing practice, education, and research. Research conducted on the propositions will expand the forensic nursing scientific base leading to enhanced evidence-based practice. A pictorial model illustrates the propositions as relational statements. The constructed theory of forensic nursing care affirms the focus of forensic nursing care is on the nurse-patient relationship and improved health outcomes. Additional results of forensic nursing care are improved forensic science and criminal justice system outcomes.
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Castner J. Typology of Interpersonal Violence Model With Applications in Emergency Nursing: Forensics and Interpersonal Violence Special Issue. J Emerg Nurs 2021; 46:275-282. [PMID: 32389200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Peternelj-Taylor C. 2020: The Year That Was. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:1-2. [PMID: 33595240 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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Scafide KN, Downing NR, Kutahyalioglu NS, Sebeh Y, Sheridan DJ, Hayat MJ. Quantifying the Degree of Bruise Visibility Observed Under White Light and an Alternate Light Source. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:24-33. [PMID: 33278184 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Documentation of injuries associated with abuse and assault has pivotal impacts on clinical and legal outcomes. Before this study, no reliable and valid tools to consistently document the clinical visibility of bruises existed. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate reliability and validity of the Bruise Visibility Scale for documenting bruises visualized in normal (white) light and the Absorption Visibility Scale for documenting bruises visualized using an alternate light source (ALS). METHODS Bruises were induced using a paintball on the upper arms of 157 participants stratified into six skin color categories. Bruises were visualized 21 times over 4 weeks under white light and 10 ALS wavelength/goggle color combinations. Bruise size was measured using a metric ruler; bruise color was measured using a spectrophotometer. Interrater reliability was calculated using kappa and intraclass correlations coefficients. Construct validity was evaluated using generalized linear mixed modeling of associations between bruise size and color with both visibility scales. RESULTS Interrater agreement for bruise detection was over 90% for all but two ALS wavelength/goggle combinations. Kappa values indicated adequate interrater agreement under white light (κ = 0.76) and ALS (κ = 0.78). The visibility scale intraclass correlation coefficients were .91 for normal light and .93 for ALS. Statistical modeling showed greater bruise size was associated with higher visibility using either scale, and greater contrast in color or lightness was associated with higher Bruise Visibility Scale values. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Both visibility scales showed satisfactory reliability and validity. Forensic nurses can use the scales to consistently document bruises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Scafide
- Author Affiliations:College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University
| | - Nancy R Downing
- College of Nursing, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Yesser Sebeh
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University
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Campbell R, Javorka M, Gregory K, Vollinger L, Ma W. The Right to Say No: Why Adult Sexual Assault Patients Decline Medical Forensic Exams and Sexual Assault Kit Evidence Collection. J Forensic Nurs 2021; 17:3-13. [PMID: 33534353 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The International Association of Forensic Nurses (2018) affirms the importance of evidence-based, trauma-informed, patient-centered forensic nursing services that engage patients as autonomous decision makers. Past research indicates that forensic nurses consistently respect patients' choices and control as they navigate the decisions of medical forensic examinations (MFEs) and sexual assault kit (SAK) collection. Building on that work, this study examined which options patients decline and what factors are associated with those declination decisions. METHOD We collected prospective data from seven state-funded sexual assault nurse examiner programs. Forensic nurses recorded information about all adult sexual assault patients (N = 783) regarding four primary decisions: whether to have a MFE, whether to consent to all parts of the MFE or to decline specific services, whether to have a SAK collected, and whether to release the SAK to law enforcement for forensic DNA testing. RESULTS Most patients consented to a MFE (95%), to all parts of the MFE (81%), to SAK collection (99%), and to release the SAK for forensic DNA testing (80%). Younger patients and those with disabilities were more likely to decline some options. Patients who had not disclosed the assault to others before seeking sexual assault nurse examiner care were also more likely to decline a MFE. Whether patients sought post assault care for more health-focused reasons or legally focused reasons was associated with declination decisions. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers should communicate clearly about each step in post assault care and allow patients to decline services as they choose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenjuan Ma
- Center for Statistical Training & Consulting, Michigan State University
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Colbert AM, Peternelj-Taylor C, Porta CM. 2020: Forensic Nursing: The State of the Specialty. J Forensic Nurs 2020; 16:183-185. [PMID: 33214538 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Abstract
This is a case report about the implementation of the mental health nurse practitioner role in forensic psychiatric settings. We will present its implementation and issues encountered during this process, such as a lack of understanding of the role in staff teams, scope of practice limitations, tension stemming from the conflict between treatment and punishment approaches, and the risk of medicalization of nursing. This case report, based on the authors' experiences, represents an early contribution to research on advanced nursing practice in forensic psychiatry, an area that has yet to receive much attention in the literature.
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Degl' Innocenti A, Wijk H, Kullgren A, Alexiou E. The Influence of Evidence-Based Design on Staff Perceptions of a Supportive Environment for Person-Centered Care in Forensic Psychiatry. J Forensic Nurs 2020; 16:E23-E30. [PMID: 31834079 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This prospective longitudinal study aimed to examine the relocation of three forensic psychiatric hospitals in Sweden into new facilities. The research focused on the effects of the physical and psychosocial environment and other staff-related parameters on the delivery of person-centered care after relocation. In forensic psychiatry, most relocations to new environments are to support a person-centered approach and to promote patients' rehabilitation and reintegration into society. Hopefully, this is undertaken in accordance with an evidence-based design strategy allowing improvement in staff satisfaction and working conditions as well as their capacity to provide individualized care. All staff members working on the wards of the facilities in question were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected prospectively between 2010 and 2014, before and after relocation of the forensic psychiatric clinics to new buildings. Structured validated questionnaires were employed. Staff members' job satisfaction and perceptions of a person-centered physical and psychosocial environment increased after relocation and provide evidence that staff perceptions of ward atmosphere in forensic psychiatric clinics are susceptible to factors in the physical and psychosocial environment. The importance of always taking the environmental factors into consideration, to achieve greater staff well-being and capacity to accomplish goals in forensic psychiatry, is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anette Kullgren
- Institute of Health and Care Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
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Abstract
The traditional invasive autopsy has been considered the "gold standard" for death investigation worldwide. However, this has now been challenged by a new minimally invasive approach that utilizes cross-sectional radiological imaging to investigate the death. Globally, postmortem computed tomography is the most commonly used modality and is becoming increasingly available throughout the world. Forensic nurses working in association with coroners and medical examiners' offices, as well as mass fatality incidents, now need to update their knowledge base to understand these innovative techniques, the advantages and disadvantages to their use, and how they impact on medicolegal death investigation and the care of the deceased and bereaved. Using the example of the coroner system of England and Wales, this article provides a comparison between the traditional invasive autopsy and postmortem radiological alternatives and presents the impact postmortem radiology is now having on death investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy N Rutty
- East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit, University of Leicester
| | - Jane E Rutty
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University
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Peternelj-Taylor C. Forensic Nursing in the Wake of COVID-19. J Forensic Nurs 2020; 16:61-62. [PMID: 32358457 PMCID: PMC7236849 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Goodman EA, Goodpasture M. Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination After Pediatric Sexual Abuse Evaluations in the Outpatient Child Sexual Abuse Subspecialty Clinic: A Quality Improvement Project. J Forensic Nurs 2020; 16:16-21. [PMID: 31567656 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nonavalent human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination prophylactically contributes to the prevention of nine types of HPV-associated oral and genital cancers. HPV vaccination rates remain lower than the national Healthy People 2020 goal of 80%. Victims of pediatric sexual abuse are at a higher risk for acquiring and developing HPV-related outcomes. Current research supports vaccination after sexual abuse as soon as eligible and suggests utilizing multiple types of medical encounters to increase vaccination rates.An institutional-review-board-approved quality improvement project was developed to determine the impact of promoting and providing HPV vaccination during the medical encounter after pediatric sexual abuse in a child protection team (CPT) clinic. Twenty percent of the 111 total clinic patients evaluated in the preintervention period and 21% of the 99 patients evaluated in the postintervention period were HPV vaccine eligible, illustrating a significant opportunity for impact. During the intervention period, 62% of patients who were vaccine eligible and presented for their CPT clinic visit received HPV vaccine. Barriers to vaccination in the outpatient CPT clinic setting included high appointment no-show rates, high social and medical visit complexity, and absence of an appropriate consenting caretaker. Implications for forensic nursing practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Goodman
- Author Affiliations: East Carolina University
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
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Peternelj-Taylor C. Journal of Forensic Nursing 2019 Articles of the Year. J Forensic Nurs 2020; 16:129. [PMID: 32833866 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Peternelj-Taylor C. Introducing the 2020 Journal of Forensic Nursing Editorial Board. J Forensic Nurs 2020; 16:1-5. [PMID: 32068674 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Amar AF. An Antiracist Vision for Forensic Nursing. J Forensic Nurs 2020; 16:127-128. [PMID: 32833865 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Fraga Dominguez S, Valiquette J, Storey JE, Glorney E. Elder Abuse Detection and Intervention: Challenges for Professionals and Strategies for Engagement From a Canadian Specialist Service. J Forensic Nurs 2020; 16:199-206. [PMID: 32925515 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elder abuse (EA) is of increasing relevance in the context of an aging society, and this has implications for detection and intervention for several types of healthcare providers, including forensic nurses. Knowledge related to EA is important as victims are likely to interact with providers, because of either existing health problems or the consequences of abuse. This article provides a brief overview of EA, followed by an outline of current detection and intervention efforts used by healthcare providers in community and hospital settings. In addition, knowledge about help-seeking and barriers to disclosure are discussed to inform healthcare provider interactions with older adults where EA is suspected or disclosed. To illustrate challenges faced by healthcare providers in this area, two cases of EA involving case management by a forensic nurse in a specialist service in Canada are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily Glorney
- Author Affiliations: Royal Holloway, University of London
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining appropriate professional boundaries with clients in mental health settings can be complex, particularly for forensic inpatient nurses and healthcare workers. The literature in this area has mainly focused on boundary violations, with little research on how staff members develop and maintain boundaries in forensic inpatient units, despite safe working relationships being beneficial for staff experience and client recovery. METHOD Interviews with 11 nurses and healthcare workers from forensic inpatient wards were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory methodology. RESULTS A cyclical model of boundary development was developed in which staff initially acclimatize to the forensic environment before entering a calibration phase of constantly assessing and addressing professional boundary issues in daily working life. Staff members use this experience alongside reflection, social learning, and clinical supervision to undergo individual learning and team development. In the fourth phase, they use this learning to recalibrate their views on boundaries, themselves, and how they work with clients. This recalibration impacts on staff members' further management of daily boundaries, providing more materials for learning, which leads to further recalibration. CONCLUSIONS This study echoes previous literature suggesting the importance of supervision and reflective spaces in professional boundary understanding. The model is comparable with existing learning theory and reflects a clinical drive toward safe uncertainty. The importance of social and experiential learning is highlighted and has important implications for forensic nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pettman
- Author Affiliations: South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Niki Loft
- Victorian Institute for Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare)
| | - Rachel Terry
- Salomons Institute of Applied Psychology, Canterbury Christ Church University
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Peternelj-Taylor C. Where Is Your Manuscript? Why Aren't You Writing for Us? J Forensic Nurs 2019; 15:69-70. [PMID: 31116176 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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