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Zhang W, Wu C, Ni R, Yang Q, Luo L, He J. Formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase prevents the starvation-induced liver hepatomegaly and dysfunction through downregulating mTORC1. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009980. [PMID: 34941873 PMCID: PMC8741050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a crucial center in the regulation of energy homeostasis under starvation. Although downregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) has been reported to play pivotal roles in the starvation responses, the underpinning mechanisms in particular upstream factors that downregulate mTORC1 remain largely unknown. To identify genetic variants that cause liver energy disorders during starvation, we conduct a zebrafish forward genetic screen. We identify a liver hulk (lvh) mutant with normal liver under feeding, but exhibiting liver hypertrophy under fasting. The hepatomegaly in lvh is caused by enlarged hepatocyte size and leads to liver dysfunction as well as limited tolerance to starvation. Positional cloning reveals that lvh phenotypes are caused by mutation in the ftcd gene, which encodes the formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD). Further studies show that in response to starvation, the phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein (p-RS6), a downstream effector of mTORC1, becomes downregulated in the wild-type liver, but remains at high level in lvh. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin rescues the hepatomegaly and liver dysfunction of lvh. Thus, we characterize the roles of FTCD in starvation response, which acts as an important upstream factor to downregulate mTORC1, thus preventing liver hypertrophy and dysfunction. Under starvation, the liver initiates a series of metabolic adaptations to maintain energy homeostasis that is critical for survival. During this process, mTORC1 pathway is downregulated to reduce anabolism and promote catabolism, ensuring adequate usage of limited resources. However, mechanisms underlying the downregulation of mTORC1 remain incompletely understood. In a zebrafish genetic screen aiming to characterize factors important for starvation response in the liver, we identify an ftcd mutation that causes liver hypertrophy and dysfunction under fasting. FTCD acts upstream to inactivate mTORC1 in response to starvation. Our work reveals previously unappreciated roles of FTCD in the responses to energy stress through modulating mTORC1 activities, moreover implicates a potential liver disorder risk of FTCD deficiency under the circumstances of starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Yubei, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoying Wu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Qifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (JH)
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (JH)
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Scannell Bryan M, Sofer T, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Thyagarajan B, Zeng D, Daviglus ML, Argos M. Mendelian randomization of inorganic arsenic metabolism as a risk factor for hypertension- and diabetes-related traits among adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:876-886. [PMID: 30929011 PMCID: PMC6659367 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and diabetes have been associated with inefficient arsenic metabolism, primarily through studies undertaken in populations exposed through drinking water. Recently, rice has been recognized as a source of arsenic exposure, but it remains unclear whether populations with high rice consumption but no known water exposure are at risk for the health problems associated with inefficient arsenic metabolism. METHODS The relationships between arsenic metabolism efficiency (% inorganic arsenic, % monomethylarsenate and % dimethylarsinate in urine) and three hypertension- and seven diabetes-related traits were estimated among 12 609 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). A two-sample Mendelian randomization approach incorporated genotype-arsenic metabolism relationships from literature, and genotype-trait relationships from HCHS/SOL, with a mixed-effect linear model. Analyses were stratified by rice consumption and smoking. RESULTS Among never smokers with high rice consumption, each percentage point increase in was associated with increases of 1.96 mmHg systolic blood pressure (P = 0.034) and 1.85 mmHg inorganic arsenic diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.003). Monomethylarsenate was associated with increased systolic (1.64 mmHg/percentage point increase; P = 0.021) and diastolic (1.33 mmHg/percentage point increase; P = 0.005) blood pressure. Dimethylarsinate, a marker of efficient metabolism, was associated with lower systolic (-0.92 mmHg/percentage point increase; P = 0.025) and diastolic (-0.79 mmHg/percentage point increase; P = 0.004) blood pressure. Among low rice consumers and ever smokers, the results were consistent with no association. Evidence for a relationship with diabetes was equivocal. CONCLUSIONS Less efficient arsenic metabolism was associated with increased blood pressure among never smokers with high rice consumption, suggesting that arsenic exposure through rice may contribute to high blood pressure in the Hispanic/Latino community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Scannell Bryan
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Argos
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pierce BL, Tong L, Dean S, Argos M, Jasmine F, Rakibuz-Zaman M, Sarwar G, Islam MT, Shahriar H, Islam T, Rahman M, Yunus M, Lynch VJ, Oglesbee D, Graziano JH, Kibriya MG, Gamble MV, Ahsan H. A missense variant in FTCD is associated with arsenic metabolism and toxicity phenotypes in Bangladesh. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007984. [PMID: 30893314 PMCID: PMC6443193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a carcinogen, and exposure to iAs via food and water is a global public health problem. iAs-contaminated drinking water alone affects >100 million people worldwide, including ~50 million in Bangladesh. Once absorbed into the blood stream, most iAs is converted to mono-methylated (MMA) and then di-methylated (DMA) forms, facilitating excretion in urine. Arsenic metabolism efficiency varies among individuals, in part due to genetic variation near AS3MT (arsenite methyltransferase; 10q24.32). To identify additional arsenic metabolism loci, we measured protein-coding variants across the human exome for 1,660 Bangladeshi individuals participating in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS). Among the 19,992 coding variants analyzed exome-wide, the minor allele (A) of rs61735836 (p.Val101Met) in exon 3 of FTCD (formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase) was associated with increased urinary iAs% (P = 8x10-13), increased MMA% (P = 2x10-16) and decreased DMA% (P = 6x10-23). Among 2,401 individuals with arsenic-induced skin lesions (an indicator of arsenic toxicity and cancer risk) and 2,472 controls, carrying the low-efficiency A allele (frequency = 7%) was associated with increased skin lesion risk (odds ratio = 1.35; P = 1x10-5). rs61735836 is in weak linkage disequilibrium with all nearby variants. The high-efficiency/major allele (G/Valine) is human-specific and eliminates a start codon at the first 5´-proximal Kozak sequence in FTCD, suggesting selection against an alternative translation start site. FTCD is critical for catabolism of histidine, a process that generates one-carbon units that can enter the one-carbon/folate cycle, which provides methyl groups for arsenic metabolism. In our study population, FTCD and AS3MT SNPs together explain ~10% of the variation in DMA% and support a causal effect of arsenic metabolism efficiency on arsenic toxicity (i.e., skin lesions). In summary, this work identifies a coding variant in FTCD associated with arsenic metabolism efficiency, providing new evidence supporting the established link between one-carbon/folate metabolism and arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL United States of America
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Samantha Dean
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maria Argos
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Golam Sarwar
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasan Shahriar
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzar Rahman
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Yunus
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Vincent J. Lynch
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Joseph H. Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Muhammad G. Kibriya
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mary V. Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Zhernakova DV, Kliver S, Cherkasov N, Tamazian G, Rotkevich M, Krasheninnikova K, Evsyukov I, Sidorov S, Dobrynin P, Yurchenko AA, Shimansky V, Shcherbakova IV, Glotov AS, Valle DL, Tang M, Shin E, Schwarz KB, O'Brien SJ. Analytical "bake-off" of whole genome sequencing quality for the Genome Russia project using a small cohort for autoimmune hepatitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200423. [PMID: 29995946 PMCID: PMC6040705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative analysis of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and genotype calling was initiated for ten human genome samples sequenced by St. Petersburg State University Peterhof Sequencing Center and by three commercial sequencing centers outside of Russia. The sequence quality, efficiency of DNA variant and genotype calling were compared with each other and with DNA microarrays for each of ten study subjects. We assessed calling of SNPs, indels, copy number variation, and the speed of WGS throughput promised. Twenty separate QC analyses showed high similarities among the sequence quality and called genotypes. The ten genomes tested by the centers included eight American patients afflicted with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), plus one case’s unaffected parents, in a prelude to discovering genetic influences in this rare disease of unknown etiology. The detailed internal replication and parallel analyses allowed the observation of two of eight AIH cases carrying a rare allele genotype for a previously described AIH-associated gene (FTCD), plus multiple occurrences of known HLA-DRB1 alleles associated with AIH (HLA-DRB1-03:01:01, 13:01:01 and 7:01:01). We also list putative SNVs in other genes as suggestive in AIH influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Zhernakova
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (DVZ); (SJO)
| | - Sergei Kliver
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Cherkasov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Gaik Tamazian
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Rotkevich
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia Krasheninnikova
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Evsyukov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sviatoslav Sidorov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Dobrynin
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A. Yurchenko
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin Shimansky
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V. Shcherbakova
- Research Resource Center for Molecular and Cell Technologies, Research Park, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey S. Glotov
- Research Resource Center for Molecular and Cell Technologies, Research Park, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David L. Valle
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Emilia Shin
- Pediatric Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Kathleen B. Schwarz
- Pediatric Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. O'Brien
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DVZ); (SJO)
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