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Sarri CA, Giannoulis T, Moutou KA, Mamuris Z. HLA class II peptide-binding-region analysis reveals funneling of polymorphism in action. Immunol Lett 2021; 238:75-95. [PMID: 34329645 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA-class II proteins hold important roles in key physiological processes. The purpose of this study was to compile all class II alleles reported in human population and investigate patterns in pocket variants and their combinations, focusing on the peptide-binding region (PBR). METHODS For this purpose, all protein sequences of DPA1, DQA1, DPB1, DQB1 and DRB1 were selected and filtered, in order to have full PBR sequences. Proportional representation was used for pocket variants while population data were also used. RESULTS All pocket variants and PBR sequences were retrieved and analyzed based on the preference of amino acids and their properties in all pocket positions. The observed number of pocket variants combinations was much lower than the possible inferred, suggesting that PBR formation is under strict funneling. Also, although class II proteins are very polymorphic, in the majority of the reported alleles in all populations, a significantly less polymorphic pocket core was found. CONCLUSIONS Pocket variability of five HLA class II proteins was studied revealing favorable properties of each protein. The actual PBR sequences of HLA class II proteins appear to be governed by restrictions that lead to the establishment of only a fraction of the possible combinations and the polymorphism recorded is the result of intense funneling based on function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina A Sarri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larisa, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Giannoulis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larisa, Greece; Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, Trikallon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Katerina A Moutou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larisa, Greece
| | - Zissis Mamuris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larisa, Greece.
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Pedraza L, Camargo M, Moreno-Pérez DA, Sánchez R, Del Río-Ospina L, Báez-Murcia IM, Patarroyo ME, Patarroyo MA. Identifying HLA DRB1-DQB1 alleles associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection and in silico prediction of potentially-related peptides. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12837. [PMID: 34145318 PMCID: PMC8213839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA class II (HLA-II) genes' polymorphism influences the immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), it is considered a sexually transmitted infection. However, associations between HLA-II alleles and Ct-infection have been little explored in humans; this study was thus aimed at determining HLA-DRB1-DQB1 alleles/haplotypes' effect on Ct-infection outcome in a cohort of Colombian women. Cervical sample DNA was used as template for detecting Ct by PCR and typing HLA-DRB1-DQB1 alleles/haplotypes by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Survival models were adjusted for identifying the alleles/haplotypes' effect on Ct-outcome; bioinformatics tools were used for predicting secreted bacterial protein T- and B-cell epitopes. Sixteen HLA-DRB1 alleles having a significant effect on Ct-outcome were identified in the 262 women analysed. DRB1*08:02:01G and DRB1*12:01:01G were related to infection-promoting events. Only the DQB1*05:03:01G allele related to clearance/persistence events was found for HLA-DQB1. HLA-DRB1 allele homozygous women were associated with events having a lower probability of clearance and/or early occurrence of persistence. Twenty-seven peptides predicted in silico were associated with protective immunity against Ct; outer membrane and polymorphic membrane protein-derived peptides had regions having dual potential for being T- or B-cell epitopes. This article describes HLA-DRB1-DQB1 alleles/haplotypes related to Ct-infection resolution and the peptides predicted in silico which might probably be involved in host immune response. The data provides base information for developing future studies leading to the development of effective prevention measures against Ct-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Pedraza
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- MSc Programme in Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Milena Camargo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), 111166, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Darwin A Moreno-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), 111166, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ricardo Sánchez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Luisa Del Río-Ospina
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Indira M Báez-Murcia
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Manuel E Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Health Sciences Division, Main Campus, Universidad Santo Tomás, 110231, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
- Health Sciences Division, Main Campus, Universidad Santo Tomás, 110231, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
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Morsy S. NCAM protein and SARS-COV-2 surface proteins: In-silico hypothetical evidence for the immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110342. [PMID: 33069093 PMCID: PMC7543761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying human neural proteins that can be attacked by cross-reacting SARS-COV-2 antibodies causing Guillain-Barré syndrome. These markers can be used for the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). To achieve this goal, proteins implicated in the development of GBS were retrieved from literature. These human proteins were compared to SARS-COV-2 surface proteins to identify homologous sequences using Blastp. Then, MHC-I and MHC-II epitopes were determined in the homologous sequences and used for further analysis. Similar human and SARS-COV-2 epitopes were docked to the corresponding MHC molecule to compare the binding pattern of human and SARS-COV-2 proteins to the MHC molecule. Neural cell adhesion molecule is the only neural protein that showed homologous sequence to SARS-COV-2 envelope protein. The homologous sequence was part of HLA-A68 and HLA-DQA/HLA-DQB epitopes had a similar binding pattern to SARS-COV-2 envelope protein. Based on these results, the study suggests that NCAM may play a significant role in the immunopathogenesis of GBS. NCAM antibodies can be used as a marker for Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, more experimental studies are needed to prove these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Morsy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Gerasimou P, Nicolaidou V, Skordis N, Picolos M, Monos D, Costeas PA. Combined effect of glutamine at position 70 of HLA-DRB1 and alanine at position 57 of HLA-DQB1 in type 1 diabetes: An epitope analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193684. [PMID: 29494662 PMCID: PMC5832312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of specific HLA Class II alleles in type 1 diabetes is determined by polymorphic amino acid epitopes that direct antigen binding therefore, along with conventional allele frequency analysis, epitope analysis can provide important insights into disease susceptibility. We analyzed the highly heterogeneous Cypriot population for the HLA class II loci of T1DM patients and controls and we report for the first time their allele frequencies. Within our patient cohort we identified a subgroup that did not carry the DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 and DRB1*04:xx-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02 risk haplotypes but a novel recombinant one, DRB1*04:XX-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 designated DR4-DQ2.3. Through epitope analysis we identified established susceptibility (DQB1 A57, DRB1 H13) and resistance (DQB1 D57) residues as well as other novel susceptibility residues DRB1 Q70, DQB1 L26 and resistance residues DRB1 D70, R70 and DQB1 Y47. Prevalence of susceptibility epitopes was higher in patients and was not exclusively a result of linkage disequilibrium. Residues DRB1 Q70, DQB1 L26 and A57 and a 10 amino acid epitope of DQA1 were the most significant in discriminating risk alleles. An extended haplotype containing these epitopes was carried by 92% of our patient cohort. Sharing of susceptibility epitopes could also explain the absence of risk haplotypes in patients. Finally, many significantly associated epitopes were non-pocket residues suggesting that critical immune functions may exist spanning further from the binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petroula Gerasimou
- Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vicky Nicolaidou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Nicos Skordis
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Paedi Centre for Specialized Paediatrics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Demetrios Monos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Massey J, Boag A, Short AD, Scholey RA, Henthorn PS, Littman MP, Husebye E, Catchpole B, Pedersen N, Mellersh CS, Ollier WER, Kennedy LJ. MHC class II association study in eight breeds of dog with hypoadrenocorticism. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:291-7. [PMID: 23358933 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine hypoadrenocorticism is an endocrine disorder characterised by inadequate secretion of steroid hormones from the adrenal glands. Pathology results from immune-mediated destruction of the adrenal cortex, which is similar to that seen in the human Addison's disease. Both the canine and human diseases have similar clinical presentation, with the diagnosis based on performing a dynamic adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test. MHC class II has previously been associated with the human and canine diseases. In the current study, we conducted an MHC class II association study in eight breeds of dog with diagnoses of hypoadrenocorticism. We demonstrated significant differences in dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) haplotype frequencies in six of these breeds: Cocker spaniel, Springer spaniel, Labrador, West Highland white terrier (WHWT), Bearded collie, and Standard poodle. In the Springer spaniel, the DLA-DRB1*015:01--DQA1*006:01--DQB1*023:01 haplotype was significantly associated with disease risk (p = 0.014, odds ratio (OR) = 5.14) and showed a similar trend in the Cocker spaniel. This haplotype is related to one associated with hypoadrenocorticism in the Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever. Similar haplotypes shared between breeds were demonstrated, with DLA-DRB1*001:01--DQA1*001:01--DQB1*002:01 more prevalent in both affected Labrador (p = 0.0002, OR = 3.06) and WHWT (p = 0.01, OR = 2.11). Other haplotypes that have not previously been associated with the disease were identified. The inter-breed differences in DLA haplotypes associated with susceptibility to canine hypoadrenocorticism could represent divergent aetiologies. This could have implications for clinical diagnosis and future comparative studies. Alternatively, it may suggest that the gene of interest is closely linked to the MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Massey
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR), School of Medicine, University of Manchester, 2.722 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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