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Mendoza RM, Song JH, Jung YT, Paik HD, Park YS, Kang DK. Recombinant Arginine Deiminase from Levilactobacillus brevis Inhibits the Growth of Stomach Cancer Cells, Possibly by Activating the Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4163. [PMID: 38673749 PMCID: PMC11050082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The anticancer potential of Levilactobacillus brevis KU15176 against the stomach cancer cell line AGS has been reported previously. In this study, we aimed to analyze the genome of L. brevis KU15176 and identify key genes that may have potential anticancer properties. Among potential anticancer molecules, the role of arginine deiminase (ADI) in conferring an antiproliferative functionality was confirmed. In vitro assay against AGS cell line confirmed that recombinant ADI from L. brevis KU15176 (ADI_br, 5 µg/mL), overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), exerted an inhibitory effect on AGS cell growth, resulting in a 65.32% reduction in cell viability. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-related genes, such as bax, bad, caspase-7, and caspase-3, as well as the activity of caspase-9 in ADI_br-treated AGS cells, was higher than those in untreated (culture medium-only) cells. The cell-scattering behavior of ADI_br-treated cells showed characteristics of apoptosis. Flow cytometry analyses of AGS cells treated with ADI_br for 24 and 28 h revealed apoptotic rates of 11.87 and 24.09, respectively, indicating the progression of apoptosis in AGS cells after ADI_br treatment. This study highlights the potential of ADI_br as an effective enzyme for anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remilyn M. Mendoza
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (R.M.M.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (R.M.M.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Yong Tae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Seo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (R.M.M.); (J.H.S.)
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2
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Goodman RP, Markhard AL, Shah H, Sharma R, Skinner OS, Clish CB, Deik A, Patgiri A, Hsu YHH, Masia R, Noh HL, Suk S, Goldberger O, Hirschhorn JN, Yellen G, Kim JK, Mootha VK. Hepatic NADH reductive stress underlies common variation in metabolic traits. Nature 2020; 583:122-126. [PMID: 32461692 PMCID: PMC7536642 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The cellular NADH/NAD+ ratio is fundamental to biochemistry, but the extent to which it reflects versus drives metabolic physiology in vivo is poorly understood. Here we report the in vivo application of Lactobacillus brevis (Lb)NOX1, a bacterial water-forming NADH oxidase, to assess the metabolic consequences of directly lowering the hepatic cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio in mice. By combining this genetic tool with metabolomics, we identify circulating α-hydroxybutyrate levels as a robust marker of an elevated hepatic cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, also known as reductive stress. In humans, elevations in circulating α-hydroxybutyrate levels have previously been associated with impaired glucose tolerance2, insulin resistance3 and mitochondrial disease4, and are associated with a common genetic variant in GCKR5, which has previously been associated with many seemingly disparate metabolic traits. Using LbNOX, we demonstrate that NADH reductive stress mediates the effects of GCKR variation on many metabolic traits, including circulating triglyceride levels, glucose tolerance and FGF21 levels. Our work identifies an elevated hepatic NADH/NAD+ ratio as a latent metabolic parameter that is shaped by human genetic variation and contributes causally to key metabolic traits and diseases. Moreover, it underscores the utility of genetic tools such as LbNOX to empower studies of 'causal metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P Goodman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Markhard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Owen S Skinner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anupam Patgiri
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Han H Hsu
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricard Masia
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sujin Suk
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Olga Goldberger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Yellen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hermann J, Nowotny P, Schrader TE, Biggel P, Hekmat D, Weuster-Botz D. Neutron and X-ray crystal structures of Lactobacillus brevis alcohol dehydrogenase reveal new insights into hydrogen-bonding pathways. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:754-764. [PMID: 30511668 PMCID: PMC6277964 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18015273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus brevis alcohol dehydrogenase (LbADH) is a well studied homotetrameric enzyme which catalyzes the enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones to the corresponding secondary alcohols. LbADH is stable and enzymatically active at elevated temperatures and accepts a broad range of substrates, making it a valuable tool in industrial biocatalysis. Here, the expression, purification and crystallization of LbADH to generate large, single crystals with a volume of up to 1 mm3 suitable for neutron diffraction studies are described. Neutron diffraction data were collected from an H/D-exchanged LbADH crystal using the BIODIFF instrument at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Garching, Germany to a resolution dmin of 2.15 Å in 16 days. This allowed the first neutron crystal structure of LbADH to be determined. The neutron structure revealed new details of the hydrogen-bonding network originating from the ion-binding site of LbADH and provided new insights into the reasons why divalent magnesium (Mg2+) or manganese (Mn2+) ions are necessary for its activity. X-ray diffraction data were obtained from the same crystal at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France to a resolution dmin of 1.48 Å. The high-resolution X-ray structure suggested partial occupancy of Mn2+ and Mg2+ at the ion-binding site. This is supported by the different binding affinity of Mn2+ and Mg2+ to the tetrameric structure calculated via free-energy molecular-dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hermann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Phillip Nowotny
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias E. Schrader
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Centre (MLZ), Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Biggel
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dariusch Hekmat
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Research Centre for Industrial Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Huang J, Fang H, Gai ZC, Mei JQ, Li JN, Hu S, Lv CJ, Zhao WR, Mei LH. Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC 1306 glutamate decarboxylase: Crystal structure and functional analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1703-1709. [PMID: 30049439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which is a unique pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, can catalyze α-decarboxylation of l-glutamate (L-Glu) to γ-aminobutyrate (GABA). The crystal structure of GAD in complex with PLP from Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC 1306 was successfully solved by molecular-replacement, and refined at 2.2 Å resolution to an Rwork factor of 18.76% (Rfree = 23.08%). The coenzyme pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) forms a Schiff base with the active-site residue Lys279 by continuous electron density map, which is critical for catalysis by PLP-dependent decarboxylase. Gel filtration showed that the active (pH 4.8) and inactive (pH 7.0) forms of GAD are all dimer. The residues (Ser126, Ser127, Cys168, Ile211, Ser276, His278 and Ser321) play important roles in anchoring PLP cofactor inside the active site and supporting its catalytic reactivity. The mutant T215A around the putative substrate pocket displayed an 1.6-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) compared to the wild-type enzyme (1.227 mM-1 S-1 versus 0.777 mM-1 S-1), which was the highest activity among all variants tested. The flexible loop (Tyr308-Glu312), which is positioned near the substrate-binding site, is involved in the catalytic reaction, and the conserved residue Tyr308 plays a vital role in decarboxylation of L-Glu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China; Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Hui Fang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Zhong-Chao Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Mei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84102, Utah, United States
| | - Jia-Nan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Chang-Jiang Lv
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Wei-Rui Zhao
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Le-He Mei
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
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Guo Q, An Y, Yun J, Yang M, Magocha TA, Zhu J, Xue Y, Qi Y, Hossain Z, Sun W, Qi X. Enhanced d-tagatose production by spore surface-displayed l-arabinose isomerase from isolated Lactobacillus brevis PC16 and biotransformation. Bioresour Technol 2018; 247:940-946. [PMID: 30060433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new strain of Lactobacillus brevis producing d-tagatose was isolated and identified. Then, the l-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) of this strain was displayed on the spore surface of Bacillus subtilis DB403 by using an anchoring protein CotG and a peptide linker (Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser). This displayed L-AI with high specific activity and stability was used as a novel immobilized biocatalyst for producing d-tagatose through batch and semi-continuous biotransformation. The conversion rate of d-tagatose from 125 g/L d-galactose was achieved 79.7% at 28 h, and the volumetric productivity reached 4.3 g/L/h at 20 h. Furthermore, the displayed L-AI showed a good performance on the reusability and remained 87% of the specific activity and 40.7% of the conversion rate after five recycles. A high efficient immobilized method for producing food-grade d-tagatose was established using spore surface-displayed L-AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingfeng An
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tinashe A Magocha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingfei Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Qi
- College of Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 1 Bohai Road, Cangzhou 061100, Hebei, China
| | - Zabed Hossain
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Choi J, Lee S, Linares-Pastén JA, Nilsson L. Study on oligomerization of glutamate decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with light scattering techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:451-458. [PMID: 29167934 PMCID: PMC5750328 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with UV/Vis, multi-angle light scattering (MALS), and differential refractive index (dRI) detectors (AF4-UV-MALS-dRI) was employed for analysis of glutamate decarboxylase (LbGadB) from Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis). AF4 provided molecular weight (MW) (or size)-based separation of dimer, hexamer, and aggregates of LbGadB. The effect of pH on oligomerization of LbGadB was investigated, and then AF4 results were compared to those from molecular modeling. The MWs measured by AF4-UV-MALS-dRI for dimeric and hexameric forms of LbGadB were 110 and 350 kDa, respectively, which are in good agreements with those theoretically calculated (110 and 330 kDa). The molecular sizes determined by AF4-UV-MALS-dRI were also in good agreement with those obtained from molecular modeling (6 and 10 nm, respectively, for dimeric and hexameric from AF4-UV-MALS-dRI and 6.4 × 7.6 and 7.6 × 13.1 nm from molecular modeling). The effects of temperature, salt type, and salt concentration on oligomerization of LbGadB were also investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). It was found that the hexameric form of LbGadB was most stable at pH 6 and in presence of NaCl or KCl. The results indicate that AF4, in combination of various online detectors mentioned above, provides an effective tool for monitoring of oligomerization of LbGadB under different conditions, such as temperature, pH, type of salts, and salt concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Javier A Linares-Pastén
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 16, 22362, Lund, Skåne, Sweden.
| | - Lars Nilsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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Bounouala FZ, Roudj S, Karam NE, Recio I, Miralles B. Casein Hydrolysates by Lactobacillus brevis and Lactococcus lactis Proteases: Peptide Profile Discriminates Strain-Dependent Enzyme Specificity. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:9324-9332. [PMID: 28965394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Casein from ovine and bovine milk were hydrolyzed with two extracellular protease preparations from Lactobacillus brevis and Lactococcus lactis. The hydrolysates were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS for peptide identification. A strain-dependent peptide profile could be observed, regardless of the casein origin, and the specificity of these two proteases could be computationally ascribed. The cleavage pattern yielding phenylalanine, leucine, or tyrosine at C-terminal appeared both at L. lactis and Lb. brevis hydrolysates. However, the cleavage C-terminal to lysine was favored with Lb. brevis protease. The hydrolysates showed ACE-inhibitory activity with IC50 in the 16-70 μg/mL range. Ovine casein hydrolysates yielded greater ACE-inhibitory activity. Previously described antihypertensive and opioid peptides were found in these ovine and bovine casein hydrolysates and prediction of the antihypertensive activity of the sequences based on quantitative structure and activity relationship (QSAR) was performed. This approach might represent a useful classification tool regarding health-related properties prior to further purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Bounouala
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Microorganismes et Biotechnologie (LBMB). Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella , BP 1524 Oran El Mnaouer, 31000, Oran, Algérie
| | - Salima Roudj
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Microorganismes et Biotechnologie (LBMB). Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella , BP 1524 Oran El Mnaouer, 31000, Oran, Algérie
| | - Nour-Eddine Karam
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Microorganismes et Biotechnologie (LBMB). Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella , BP 1524 Oran El Mnaouer, 31000, Oran, Algérie
| | - Isidra Recio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Fusco V, Quero GM, Chieffi D, Franz CMAP. Identification of Lactobacillus brevis using a species-specific AFLP-derived marker. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 232:90-4. [PMID: 27289191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple and specific method for the rapid detection and identification of Lactobacillus brevis was developed. A fAFLP (Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) marker for L. brevis was used to design oligonucleotide primers for a species-specific PCR assay, targeting a 125bp fragment of the gene encoding the aldo/keto reductase of the diketogulonate-reductase family of L. brevis. This assay resulted in 100% inclusivity and exclusivity of assignment of strains to the species L. brevis. The analytical specificity of this assay was successfully tested to identify L. brevis isolates from sourdoughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy.
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Charles M A P Franz
- Max-Rubner-Institut, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
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Ke P, Huang J, Hu S, Zhao W, Lü C, Yu K, Lei Y, Wang J, Mei L. [Enhancing glutamate decarboxylase activity by site-directed mutagenesis: an insight from Ramachandran plot]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2016; 32:31-40. [PMID: 27443004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) can catalyze the decarboxylation of glutamate into γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and is the only enzyme of GABA biosynthesis. Improving GAD activity and thermostability will be helpful for the highly efficient biosynthesis of GABA. According to the Ramachandran plot information of GAD 1407 three-dimensional structure from Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC No. 1306, we identified the unstable site K413 as the mutation target, constructed the mutant GAD by site-directed mutagenesis and measured the thermostability and activity of the wide type and mutant GAD. Mutant K413A led to a remarkably slower inactivation rate, and its half-life at 50 °C reached 105 min which was 2.1-fold higher than the wild type GAD1407. Moreover, mutant K413I exhibited 1.6-fold higher activity in comparison with the wide type GAD1407, although it had little improvement in thermostability of GAD. Ramachandran plot can be considered as a potential approach to increase GAD thermostability and activity.
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Michlmayr H, Varga E, Malachova A, Nguyen NT, Lorenz C, Haltrich D, Berthiller F, Adam G. A Versatile Family 3 Glycoside Hydrolase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis Hydrolyzes β-Glucosides of the Fusarium Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, and HT-2 Toxin in Cereal Matrices. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4885-93. [PMID: 25979885 PMCID: PMC4495206 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01061-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a central role in plant defense against xenobiotics, including mycotoxins. Glucoconjugates of Fusarium toxins, such as deoxynivalenol-3-O-β-d-glucoside (DON-3G), often cooccur with their parental toxins in cereal-based food and feed. To date, only limited information exists on the occurrence of glucosylated mycotoxins and their toxicological relevance. Due to a lack of analytical standards and the requirement of high-end analytical instrumentation for their direct determination, hydrolytic cleavage of β-glucosides followed by analysis of the released parental toxins has been proposed as an indirect determination approach. This study compares the abilities of several fungal and recombinant bacterial β-glucosidases to hydrolyze the model analyte DON-3G. Furthermore, substrate specificities of two fungal and two bacterial (Lactobacillus brevis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) glycoside hydrolase family 3 β-glucosidases were evaluated on a broader range of substrates. The purified recombinant enzyme from B. adolescentis (BaBgl) displayed high flexibility in substrate specificity and exerted the highest hydrolytic activity toward 3-O-β-d-glucosides of the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, and HT-2 toxin. A Km of 5.4 mM and a Vmax of 16 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) were determined with DON-3G. Due to low product inhibition (DON and glucose) and sufficient activity in several extracts of cereal matrices, this enzyme has the potential to be used for indirect analyses of trichothecene-β-glucosides in cereal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Michlmayr
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Malachova
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Nhung Thi Nguyen
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Cindy Lorenz
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
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11
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Kwak S, Park YC, Seo JH. Biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from glycerol in recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Lactobacillus brevis dhaB and dhaR gene clusters and E. coli K-12 aldH. Bioresour Technol 2013; 135:432-439. [PMID: 23246300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a value-added chemical for polymer synthesis. For biosynthesis of 3-HP from glycerol, two dhaB and dhaR clusters encoding glycerol dehydratase and its reactivating factor, respectively, were cloned from Lactobacillus brevis KCTC33069 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Coexpression of dhaB and dhaR allowed the recombinant E. coli to convert glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, an intermediate of 3-HP biosynthesis. To produce 3-HP from glycerol, fed-batch fermentation with a two-step feeding strategy was designed to separate the cell growth from the 3-HP production stages. Finally, E. coli JHS00947 expressing L .brevis dhaB and dhaR, and E. coli aldH produced 14.3g/L 3-HP with 0.26 g/L-h productivity, which were 14.6 and 8.53 times higher than those of the batch culture. In conclusion, overexpression of L. brevis dhaB and dhaR clusters and E. coli aldH, and implementation of the two-step feeding strategy enabled recombinant E. coli to convert glycerol to 3-HP efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryang Kwak
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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12
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Islam SMA, Math RK, Cho KM, Lim WJ, Hong SY, Kim JM, Yun MG, Cho JJ, Yun HD. Organophosphorus hydrolase (OpdB) of Lactobacillus brevis WCP902 from kimchi is able to degrade organophosphorus pesticides. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:5380-5386. [PMID: 20405842 DOI: 10.1021/jf903878e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus brevis WCP902 that is capable of biodegrading chlorpyrifos was isolated from kimchi. The opdB gene cloned from this strain revealed 825 bp, encoding 274 aa, and an enzyme molecular weight of about 27 kDa. OpdB contains the same Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif found in most bacterial and eukaryotic esterase, lipase, and serine hydrolases, yet it is a novel member of the GDSVG family of esterolytic enzymes. Its conserved serine residue, Ser82, is significantly involved with enzyme activity that may have application for removing some pesticides. Optimum organophosphorus hydrolase (OpdB) activity appeared at pH 6.0 and 35 degrees C and during degradation of chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, diazinon, methylparathion, and parathion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Md Asraful Islam
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea
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13
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Riccia DND, Bizzini F, Perilli MG, Polimeni A, Trinchieri V, Amicosante G, Cifone MG. Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus brevis (CD2) on periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2007; 13:376-85. [PMID: 17577323 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus brevis extracts on periodontitis patients and to investigate the involved mechanisms in vitro on activated macrophages. METHODS Eight healthy subjects and 21 patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled to analyze the effect of L. brevis-containing lozenges on periodontitis-associated symptoms and signs. Before and after the treatment, the patients received a complete periodontal examination. Saliva samples, collected before and after treatment, were analyzed for metalloproteinase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, immunoglobulin-A (IgA), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) levels. Arginine deiminase (AD) and NOS activities were determined through a radiometric assay. Metalloproteinases were assayed by zymogram and Western blotting, whereas IgA, PGE(2) and IFN-gamma were assayed by enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay tests. RESULTS The treatment led to the total disappearance or amelioration of all analyzed clinical parameters in all patients. This was paralleled to a significant decrease of nitrite/nitrate, PGE(2), matrix metalloproteinase, and IFN-gamma levels in saliva samples. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of L. brevis could be attributed to the presence of AD which prevented nitric oxide generation. Our findings give further insights into the knowledge of the molecular basis of periodontitis and have a potential clinical significance, giving the experimental ground for a new innovative, simple and efficacious therapeutical approach of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Della Riccia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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14
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Liu S, Dien BS, Nichols NN, Bischoff KM, Hughes SR, Cotta MA. Coexpression of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes in Lactobacillus brevis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 274:291-7. [PMID: 17651394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus brevis ATCC367 was engineered to express pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes in order to increase ethanol fermentation from biomass-derived residues. First, a Gram-positive Sarcina ventriculi PDC gene (Svpdc) was introduced into L. brevis ATCC 367 to obtain L. brevis bbc03. The SvPDC was detected by immunoblot using an SvPDC oligo peptide antiserum, but no increased ethanol was detected in L. brevis bbc03. Then, an ADH gene from L. brevis (Bradh) was cloned behind the Svpdc gene that generated a pdc/adh-coupled ethanol cassette pBBC04. The pBBC04 restored anaerobic growth and conferred ethanol production of Escheirichia coli NZN111 (a fermentative defective strain incapable of growing anaerobically). Approximately 58 kDa (SvPDC) and 28 kDa (BrADH) recombinant proteins were observed in L. brevis bbc04. These results indicated that the Gram-positive ethanol production genes can be expressed in L. brevis using a Gram-positive promoter and pTRKH2 shuttle vector. This work provides evidence that expressing Gram-positive ethanol genes in pentose utilizing L. brevis will further aid manipulation of this microbe toward biomass to ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Liu
- Bioproducts and Biocatalysis Research Unit, Peoria, IL, USA.
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15
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Park KB, Oh SH. Cloning, sequencing and expression of a novel glutamate decarboxylase gene from a newly isolated lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus brevis OPK-3. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:312-9. [PMID: 16500100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus brevis OPK-3, having 84.292 mg/L/h of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) productivity, was isolated from Kimchi, a traditional fermented food in Korea. A core fragment of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) DNA was isolated from the L. brevis OPK-3, using primers based on two highly conserved regions of GAD. A full-length GAD (LbGAD) clone was subsequently isolated through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the open reading frame (ORF) consisted of 1401 bases and encoded a protein of 467 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 53.4 kDa and a pI of 5.65. The amino acid sequence deduced from LbGAD ORF showed 83%, 71%, and 60% identity to the Lactobacillus plantarum GAD, Lactococcus lactis GAD, and Listeria monocytogenes GAD sequences, respectively. The LbGAD gene was expressed in Escherichia coli strain UT481, and the extract of transformed E. coli UT481 contained an induced 53.4 kDa protein and had significantly enhanced GAD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Park
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School, Woosuk University, Jeonju 565-701, Republic of Korea
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16
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Park KB, Oh SH. Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid production in Chungkukjang by applying a Bacillus subtilis strain expressing glutamate decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1459-63. [PMID: 16955351 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For a foreign glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) to be expressed in Bacillus host system, a recombinant DNA (pLip/LbGAD) was constructed by ligating an LbGAD gene from Lactobacillus brevis OPK-3 into Escherichia coli-Bacillus shuttle vector, pLip. The pLip/LbGAD construct was then transformed into Bacillus subtilis. The culture of the transformed Bacillus strain with the pLip/LbGAD construct had higher GAD activity and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration than those of untransformed Bacillus counterpart. In addition, Chungkukjang, a traditional Korean fermented soybean product prepared by the transformed Bacillus subtilis, contained a significantly higher level of GABA than conventional ones. Thus, by introducing a foreign GAD gene, Bacillus strains have been genetically engineered to produce high levels of GAD and GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Park
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School, Woosuk University, Jeonju 565-701, Korea
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17
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Schumacher J, Eckstein M, Kragl U. Influence of water-miscible organic solvents on kinetics and enantioselectivity of the (R,-specific alcohol dehydrogenase fromLactobacillus brevis. Biotechnol J 2006; 1:574-81. [PMID: 16892294 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200600039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using the organic solvents acetonitrile and 1,4-dioxane as water-miscible additives for the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-catalyzed reduction of butan-2-one, we investigated the influence of the solvents on enzyme reaction behavior and enantioselectivity. The NADP(+)-dependent (R)-selective ADH from Lactobacillus brevis (ADH-LB) was chosen as biocatalyst. For cofactor regeneration, the substrate-coupled approach using propan-2-ol as co-substrate was applied. Acetonitrile and 1,4-dioxane were tested from mole fraction 0.015 up to 0.1. Initial rate experiments revealed a complex kinetic behavior with enzyme activation caused by the substrate butan-2-one, and increasing K(M) values with increasing solvent concentration. Furthermore, these experiments showed an enhancement of the enantioselectivity for (R)-butan-2-ol from 37% enantiomeric excess (ee) in pure phosphate buffer up to 43% ee in the presence of 0.1 mol fraction acetonitrile. Finally, the influence of the co-solvents on water activity of the reaction mixture and on enzyme stability was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schumacher
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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18
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Abstract
The initial reaction rate and the thermostability of the mesophilic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Lactobacillus brevis (LBADH), and the thermophilic ADH from Thermoanaerobacter sp. (ADH T) in gas-phase reaction were compared. The effects of water activity, cofactor-to-protein molar ratio, and reaction temperature on the reduction of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol were studied. An optimal water activity of 0.55 in terms of productivity was found for both ADHs. The cofactor-to-protein molar ratio was chosen slightly higher than equimolar to increase both activity and thermostability. An excellent optimal productivity of 1,000 g x L(-1) x d(-1) for LBADH and 600 g x L(-1) x d(-1)for ADH T was found at 60 degrees C, while the highest total turnover numbers with respect to the enzyme were achieved at 30 degrees C and amounted to 4.2 million for LBADH and 1.7 million for ADH T, respectively. Interestingly, the ADH from the mesophilic L. brevisshowed the higher thermostability in the nonconventional medium gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana H Trivedi
- Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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19
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Kuzu M, Niefind K, Hummel W, Schomburg D. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a flavoprotein NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus brevis. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2005; 61:528-30. [PMID: 16511087 PMCID: PMC1952304 DOI: 10.1107/s174430910501153x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
NADH oxidase (NOX) from Lactobacillus brevis is a homotetrameric flavoenzyme composed of 450 amino acids per subunit. The molecular weight of each monomer is 48.8 kDa. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of two equivalents of NADH and reduces one equivalent of oxygen to yield two equivalents of water, without releasing hydrogen peroxide after the reduction of the first equivalent of NADH. Crystals of this protein were grown in the presence of 34% polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 2000, 0.1 M sodium acetate and 0.2 M ammonium sulfate at pH 5.4. They belong to the tetragonal space group P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 74.8, b = 95.7, c = 116.9 A, alpha = gamma = 90, beta = 103.8 degrees. The current diffraction limit is 4.0 A. The self-rotation function of the native data set is consistent with a NOX tetramer in the asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu Kuzu
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Research Centre Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karsten Niefind
- Universität zu Köln, Institut für Biochemie, Zülpicher Strasse 47, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Werner Hummel
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Research Centre Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schomburg
- Universität zu Köln, Institut für Biochemie, Zülpicher Strasse 47, 50674 Köln, Germany
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