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Cifani C, Alboni S, Mucci A, Benatti C, Botticelli L, Brunello N, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Righi V. Serum metabolic signature of binge-like palatable food consumption in female rats by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4469. [PMID: 33458898 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive eating behavior is a growing public health problem and compulsively eating excessive food in a short time, or binge eating, is a key symptom of many eating disorders. In order to investigate the binge-like eating behavior in female rats, induced by intermittent food restrictions/refeeding and frustration stress, we analyzed for the first time the metabolic profile obtained from serum of rats, through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In this experimental protocol, rats were exposed to chow food restricting/refeeding and frustration stress manipulation. This stress procedure consists of 15 min exposure to the odor and sight of a familiar chocolate paste, without access to it, just before offering the palatable food. In this model, a "binge-eating episode" was considered the significantly higher palatable food consumption within 2 h in restricted and stressed rats (R + S) than in the other three experimental groups: rats with no food restriction and no stress (NR + NS), only stressed rats (NR + S) or only restricted rats (R + NS). Serum samples from these four different rat groups were collected. The statistical analysis of the 1 H NMR spectral profiles of the four sets of samples pointed to O- and N-acetyl glycoproteins as the main biomarkers for the discrimination of restriction effects. Other metabolites, such as threonine, glycine, glutamine, acetate, pyruvate and lactate, showed trends that may be useful to understand metabolic pathways involved in eating disorders. This study suggested that NMR-based metabolomics is a suitable approach to detect biomarkers related to binge-eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Silvia Alboni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Righi
- Department for the Quality of Life Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
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Ito F, Ito T, Suzuki C, Yahata T, Ikeda K, Hamaoka K. The Application of a Modified d-ROMs Test for Measurement of Oxidative Stress and Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020454. [PMID: 28230785 PMCID: PMC5343988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. ROS-derived hydroperoxides, as an indicator of ROS production, have been measured by using the diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test, which requires iron-containing transferrin in the reaction mixture. In this study we developed a modified d-ROMs test, termed the Fe-ROMs test, where iron ions were exogenously added to the reaction mixture. This modification is expected to exclude the assay variation that comes from different blood iron levels in individuals. In addition, this Fe-ROMs test was helpful for determining the class of plasma lipoproteins that are hydroperoxidized. Low-density lipoprotein/very low-density lipoprotein (LDL/VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were purified by use of an LDL/VLDL purification kit and the dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation method, respectively; their hydroperoxide contents were assessed by performing the Fe-ROMs test. The majority of the hydroperoxides were detected only in the HDL fraction, not in the LDL/VLDL. Further detailed analysis of HDLs by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that the hydroperoxide-containing molecules were small-sized HDLs. Because HDL was shown to be the principal vehicle for the plasma hydroperoxides, this Fe-ROMs test is a beneficial method for the assessment of oxidized-HDL levels. Indeed, Fe-ROMs levels were strongly associated with the levels of oxidized HDL, which were determined by performing the malondialdehyde-modified HDL enzyme immunoassay. In conclusion, the Fe-ROMs test using plasma itself or the HDL fraction after dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation is useful to assess the functionality of HDL, because the oxidation of HDL impairs its antiatherogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Ito
- Institute of Health Sciences, Sunstar Inc., Osaka 569-1195, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Chinatsu Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Yahata
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Ikeda
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hamaoka
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Mohri Z, Rowland EM, Clarke LA, De Luca A, Peiffer V, Krams R, Sherwin SJ, Weinberg PD. Elevated uptake of plasma macromolecules by regions of arterial wall predisposed to plaque instability in a mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115728. [PMID: 25531765 PMCID: PMC4274101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis may be triggered by an elevated net transport of lipid-carrying macromolecules from plasma into the arterial wall. We hypothesised that whether lesions are of the thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) type or are less fatty and more fibrous depends on the degree of elevation of transport, with greater uptake leading to the former. We further hypothesised that the degree of elevation can depend on haemodynamic wall shear stress characteristics and nitric oxide synthesis. Placing a tapered cuff around the carotid artery of apolipoprotein E -/- mice modifies patterns of shear stress and eNOS expression, and triggers lesion development at the upstream and downstream cuff margins; upstream but not downstream lesions resemble the TCFA. We measured wall uptake of a macromolecular tracer in the carotid artery of C57bl/6 mice after cuff placement. Uptake was elevated in the regions that develop lesions in hyperlipidaemic mice and was significantly more elevated where plaques of the TCFA type develop. Computational simulations and effects of reversing the cuff orientation indicated a role for solid as well as fluid mechanical stresses. Inhibiting NO synthesis abolished the difference in uptake between the upstream and downstream sites. The data support the hypothesis that excessively elevated wall uptake of plasma macromolecules initiates the development of the TCFA, suggest that such uptake can result from solid and fluid mechanical stresses, and are consistent with a role for NO synthesis. Modification of wall transport properties might form the basis of novel methods for reducing plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohri
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ethan M. Rowland
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey A. Clarke
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amalia De Luca
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Peiffer
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Krams
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Spencer J. Sherwin
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Weinberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Tarasov K, Ekroos K, Suoniemi M, Kauhanen D, Sylvänne T, Hurme R, Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK, Kleber ME, Laaksonen R, März W. Molecular lipids identify cardiovascular risk and are efficiently lowered by simvastatin and PCSK9 deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E45-52. [PMID: 24243630 PMCID: PMC3928964 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Traditional risk markers explain only a proportion of total cardiovascular risk. Thus, development and improvement of early diagnostic strategies and targeted initiation of preventive measures would be of great benefit. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify molecular lipids that are associated with fatal outcome of CAD patients. Furthermore, the effect of different lipid-lowering drugs on novel risk lipids was evaluated. METHODS Serum samples of 445 CAD subjects participating in a long-term follow-up of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study were analyzed. In addition, samples obtained from a separate randomized parallel three-group study of subjects treated with simvastatin (n=24), ezetimibe (n=24), or their combination (n=24) were studied. Furthermore, samples from the LURIC participants with a loss-of-function mutation (R46L) in the PCSK9 gene (n=19) were analyzed and compared with major allele carriers (n=868). RESULTS Distinct ceramide species were significantly associated with the fatal outcome of CAD patients. Simvastatin lowered plasma ceramides broadly by about 25%, but no changes in ceramides were observed in the ezetimibe group. PCSK9 deficiency was significantly associated (-13%) with lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol accompanied by a significant 20% reduction in CAD outcome risk-related ceramides. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that distinct ceramides associate significantly with CAD outcome independently of traditional risk factors and that the mechanism of lipid lowering is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Tarasov
- Zora Biosciences (K.T., K.E., M.S., D.K., T.S., R.H., R.L.), Biologinkuja 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland; University Hospital (R.L.), FI-33521 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (K.T., R.L.), University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (I.G.-B.), University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; Evangelical Geriatrics Center Berlin (H.K.B.), Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13347, Berlin, Germany; Medical Clinic V, (M.E.K., W.M.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69115 Heidelberg; Synlab Academy (W.M.), Synlab Services GmbH, D-68165 Mannheim, Germany; and Clinical Institute of Medical and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (W.M.), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Zhang J, Yang L, Ang Z, Yoong SL, Tran TTT, Anand GS, Tan NS, Ho B, Ding JL. Secreted M-ficolin anchors onto monocyte transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor 43 and cross talks with plasma C-reactive protein to mediate immune signaling and regulate host defense. J Immunol 2010; 185:6899-910. [PMID: 21037097 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Although transmembrane C-type lectins (CLs) are known to initiate immune signaling, the participation and mechanism of action of soluble CLs have remained enigmatic. In this study, we found that M-ficolin, a conserved soluble CL of monocyte origin, overcomes its lack of membrane-anchor domain by docking constitutively onto a monocyte transmembrane receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPCR43), to form a pathogen sensor-cum-signal transducer. On encountering microbial invaders, the M-ficolin-GPCR43 complex activates the NF-κB cascade to upregulate IL-8 production. We showed that mild acidosis at the local site of infection induces conformational changes in the M-ficolin molecule, which provokes a strong interaction between the C-reactive protein (CRP) and the M-ficolin-GPCR43 complex. The collaboration among CRP-M-ficolin-GPCR43 under acidosis curtails IL-8 production thus preventing immune overactivation. Therefore, we propose that a soluble CL may become membrane-associated through interaction with a transmembrane protein, whereupon infection collaborates with other plasma protein to transduce the infection signal and regulate host defense. Our finding implies a possible mechanism whereby the host might expand its repertoire of immune recognition-cum-regulation tactics by promiscuous protein networking. Furthermore, our identification of the pH-sensitive interfaces of M-ficolin-CRP provides a powerful template for future design of potential immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Totan Y, Yağci R, Bardak Y, Ozyurt H, Kendir F, Yilmaz G, Sahin S, Sahin Tiğ U. Oxidative Macromolecular Damage in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2009; 34:1089-93. [PMID: 19958129 DOI: 10.3109/02713680903353772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yüksel Totan
- Fatih University, Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sass
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Penn 15213, USA.
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8
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Zhang G, Lin J, Srinivasan K, Kavetskaia O, Duncan JN. Strategies for bioanalysis of an oligonucleotide class macromolecule from rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 79:3416-24. [PMID: 17394287 DOI: 10.1021/ac0618674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assays provide high-throughput and selective methods for quantitation of small molecules. Use of LC/MS/MS assays for macromolecules, like oligonucleotides, is challenging due to lack of sensitivity and low analyte recovery from biomatrixes. Due to this fact, the method of choice for oligonucleotides quantitation remains hybridization-based ligand-binding assays. These biological assays usually possess high sensitivity but low selectivity and narrow dynamic range. They also require optimizing suitable "capture and detection" probes, which can be prohibitively time-consuming and expensive in a drug discovery lead-optimization scenario. In this paper, we present a unique LC/MS/MS assay for a model phosphorothioate backbone oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) drug (7692 amu) from rat plasma. Multiple analytical challenges were encountered. The strategies used to solve these challenges should prove useful to scientists pursuing mass spectrometry (MS) to quantitate oligonucleotides. The challenges include analyte multiple charging and cation adduction (reduced sensitivity), oxidation of analyte on drying and high protein binding (low recovery), ODN affinity to exposed silica (low chromatographic reproducibility and high carryover), nonspecific binding of analyte to containers (low storage stability), and optimization/synthesis of an appropriate internal standard (interference and cross-talk). A buffer (7 mM triethylamine and 3 mM ammonium formate)/methanol, 50:50 (v/v), was used as an ESI-MS infusion solvent and produced a sharp multiple charge-state distribution. The sample extraction method combined a phenol/chloroform liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction steps, which improved the absolute recovery to >70%. The method was validated in the range of 5-2000 ng/mL and had precision (percent relative standard deviation)<10.1% and accuracy (percent relative error)<11.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M Boulanger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Cardiovascular Research Center INSERM Lariboisière, Paris, France.
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Xu LX, Yan Y, Zhang JJ, Zhang Y, Zhao MH. The glycans deficiencies of macromolecular IgA1 is a contributory factor of variable pathological phenotypes of IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 142:569-75. [PMID: 16297170 PMCID: PMC1809542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that IgA1-containing macromolecules and the glycosylation of IgA1 in sera from patients with IgAN might involve the pathogenesis of IgAN. However, whether the different histological phenotypes can be attributed or not to the aberrant glycosylation of macromolecular IgA1 has not yet been elucidated. The aim of the current study is to investigate the glycosylation of IgA1 molecules in serum IgA1-containing macromolecules and their association with pathological phenotypes of IgAN. Sera was collected from 40 patients with IgAN and 20 donors. Twenty patients had mild mesangial proliferative IgAN, the remaining 20 had focal proliferative sclerosing IgAN. Polyethylene glycol 6000 was used to precipitate the macromolecules from sera of patients and controls. Biotinylated lectins were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to examine different glycans on IgA1 molecules. The alpha2,6 sialic acid was detected by elderberry bark lectin (SNA) and the exposure of terminal galactose (Gal) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) were detected by Arachis hypogaea (PNA) and Vilsa villosa lectin (VVL), respectively. The IgA1 glycans levels corrected by IgA1 concentrations were compared between patients and controls. Reduced terminal alpha2,6 sialic acid of IgA1 (79.89 +/- 25.17 versus 62.12 +/- 24.50, P = 0.034) was demonstrated only in precipitates from sera of patients with focal proliferative sclerosing IgAN, compared with those from controls. Reduced galactosylation of IgA1 molecules in precipitates was demonstrated in patients with both mild mesangial proliferative IgAN and focal proliferative sclerosing IgAN compared with normal controls (24.52 +/- 18.71 versus 76.84 +/- 32.59 P = 0.000 and 33.48 +/- 25.36 versus 76.84 +/- 32.59 P = 0.000). However, no significant difference was found in IgA1 glycosylation in the supernatant between patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). The glycosylation deficiency of IgA1 existed only in serum IgA1-containing macromolecules of patients with IgAN, and was associated with the renal pathological phenotypes. This suggests that aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 in serum macromolecules might be a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-X Xu
- Renal Division and Institute of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sommeijer DW, Joop K, Leyte A, Reitsma PH, ten Cate H. Pravastatin reduces fibrinogen receptor gpIIIa on platelet-derived microparticles in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:1168-71. [PMID: 15946206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D W Sommeijer
- Laboratory for Experimental Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rumyantseva EI, Kovalev IE, Kovaleva OI, Karganov MY. Laser correlation spectroscopy of macromolecular complexes in blood serum is an efficient method for detecting insulin overdose and correction of the insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus in children. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2005; 402:210-3. [PMID: 16116751 DOI: 10.1007/s10628-005-0073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E I Rumyantseva
- Center of Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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Wieser E, Strohmeyer D, Rogatsch H, Horninger W, Bartsch G, Debbage P. Access of tumor-derived macromolecules and cells to the blood: an electron microscopical study of structural barriers in microvessel clusters in highly malignant primary prostate carcinomas. Prostate 2005; 62:123-32. [PMID: 15389798 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neo-angiogenetic microvessels forming a major reactive stromal element in highly malignant prostate neoplasms may exhibit fine-structural features relevant to our understanding of the passage of macromolecules from tumor to blood, on the one hand, and of events facilitating the metastatic cascade, on the other hand. METHODS Ensuring rapid, optimal fixation in buffered glutaraldehyde was a foremost concern. Thin parings from radical prostatectomy specimens of Gleason scores (GS) 5-9 were taken from the tumor and from the contralateral side of the gland, glutaraldehyde-fixed, diced to smaller than 1 mm(3), postfixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon, ultrathin-sectioned, contrasted with lead and uranyl salts, and viewed in a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS In dysplastic tissue areas, intraductal microvessels located in gland ducts were occasionally observed, and found to be aggressively invasive and highly active in producing neo-angiogenetic sprouts. Closely spaced microvessel clusters contained almost exclusively neo-angiogenetic microvessels, which were in cell-cell contact with numerous ameboid migratory cells, some of which were likely to be tumor cells. In these microvessel clusters, all structural barriers hindering passage of tumor-derived molecules or cells to the blood were eliminated. CONCLUSION In microvessel clusters, the ultrastructural equivalent of microvascular hotspots, tumor invasion of microvessels is facilitated, but equally microvessels are observed invading the gland duct epithelial walls. This reciprocal invasivity of tumor cells and microvascular endothelial cells generates ideal conditions for tumor products and metastatic cells to enter the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Wieser
- Institute of Histology and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Piruzyan LA, Kovalev IE, Kovaleva VL, Tyumentseva ES, Balabolkin II, Karganov MY, Kovaleva OI, Rumyantseva EI. Laser correlation spectroscopy of macromolecular complexes in blood serum as an effective method of monitoring the progress of bronchial asthma in children. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2005; 395:114-7. [PMID: 15253566 DOI: 10.1023/b:dobi.0000025560.07930.7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Piruzyan
- Center of Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, 117977 Russia
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Mohs AM, Wang X, Goodrich KC, Zong Y, Parker DL, Lu ZR. PEG-g-poly(GdDTPA-co-l-cystine): A Biodegradable Macromolecular Blood Pool Contrast Agent for MR Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2004; 15:1424-30. [PMID: 15546211 DOI: 10.1021/bc049828r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable PEGylated Gd-DTPA l-cystine copolymers, PEG-g-poly(GdDTPA-co-l-cystine), were prepared and tested as a blood pool contrast agent in mice. The biodegradable macromolecular agent was designed to be broken down into smaller Gd complexes by endogenous thiols via the disulfide-thiol exchange reaction to facilitate the clearance of Gd complexes after the contrast-enhanced MRI examination. Gd-DTPA l-cystine copolymers were synthesized by condensation polymerization of l-cystine and DTPA-dianhydride in water followed by chelating with Gd(OAc)(3). MPEG-NH(2) (MW = 2000) was then conjugated to the polymeric backbone in different ratios. The macromolecular contrast agent was readily degraded with the incubation of l-cysteine. It also demonstrated superior contrast enhancement in the heart and blood vessels as compared to a low molecular weight control agent, Gd-(DTPA-BMA). At 1 h postcontrast, the PEGylated macromolecular agent still showed prominent enhancement, while little contrast enhancement was detectable in the blood pool by the control agent. PEG-g-poly(GdDTPA-co-l-cystine) shows promise as an MR blood pool imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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van der Boog PJM, van Kooten C, van Seggelen A, Mallat M, Klar-Mohamad N, de Fijter JW, Daha MR. An increased polymeric IgA level is not a prognostic marker for progressive IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19:2487-93. [PMID: 15252166 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfh394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elution of IgA from renal biopsies of patients with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has suggested that mesangial IgA deposits are mainly multimeric in nature. This macromolecular IgA consists of dimeric and polymeric IgA and may be derived from the circulation. In children with IgAN, circulating macromolecular IgA levels correlate with bouts of macroscopic haematuria, but in adults a correlation with disease activity is less clear. Therefore, we have designed a novel method to assess the levels of polymeric IgA (pIgA) in sera from patients and controls. METHODS A novel precipitation assay using recombinant CD89 was developed to measure pIgA. Polymeric IgA levels were measured in serum samples obtained from healthy volunteers (n = 21) and patients with IgAN (n = 51). Subsequently, serum pIgA levels were correlated with clinical parameters of disease. RESULTS Serum pIgA levels were significantly increased in patients with IgAN. However, pIgA concentrations relative to total IgA were significantly lower in sera of patients with IgAN. No correlation was found between serum pIgA levels and clinical parameters of IgAN, such as decline of glomerular filtration rate, haematuria or proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Although absolute levels of serum pIgA are increased in patients with IgAN as compared with controls, levels of pIgA relative to total serum IgA are lower. No significant correlation was found between serum concentrations of pIgA and clinical parameters of disease. These data support the notion that it is not the size alone, but the physicochemical composition of the macromolecular IgA that is the key factor leading to mesangial deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J M van der Boog
- Department of Nephrology, C3-P, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Putative regulatory macromolecules, which may be useful in diagnosis or tumor detection, were identified in the peripheral blood plasma of tumor-bearing animals. We monitored the components by measuring their ability to stimulate messenger RNA (mRNA) release from isolated nuclei in a cell-free system of rat liver nuclei in fortified homologous cytosol. This in vitro test system exhibited near-normal in vivo nuclear RNA restriction. When added to the assay at a protein concentration of 3.0 mg/ml, dialyzed plasma from rats or mice with chemically induced transplantable or primary tumors stimulated mRNA release from 87% to more than 300% over control plasma from normal rats. Plasma from partially hepatectomized rats stimulated only 26% over control plasma. The test system derived from rat liver seemed to permit the monitoring of plasma from other species. Available evidence, particularly relating to tumor-host-interaction, suggests, but does not prove, that regulatory components are released from the tumor cells to the circulation.
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Da Costa M, Rothenberg SP. Appearance of a folate binder in leukocytes and serum of women who are pregnant or taking oral contraceptives. J Lab Clin Med 1974; 83:207-14. [PMID: 4855756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Stone JR. Macroamylasemia: value of rapid diagnosis. JAMA 1973; 224:1529. [PMID: 4739960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
In order to verify the existence of a blood-thymus barrier to circulating macromolecules, the permeability of the vessels of the thymus was analyzed in young adult mice using electron opaque tracers of different molecular dimensions (horseradish peroxidase, cytochrome c, catalase, ferritin, colloidal lanthanum). Results show that although blood-borne macromolecules do penetrate the thymus, their parenchyma] distribution is limited to the medulla of the lobe by several factors: (a) the differential permeability of the various segments of the vascular tree; (b) the spatial segregation of these segments within the lobe; (c) the strategic location of parenchymal macrophages along the vessels. The cortex is exclusively supplied by capillaries, which have impermeable endothelial junctions. Although a small amount of tracer is transported by plasmalemmal vesicles through the capillary endothelium, this tracer is promptly sequestrated by macrophages stretched out in a continuous row along the cortical capillaries and it does not reach the intercellular clefts between cortical lymphocytes and reticular cells. The medulla contains all the leaky vessels, namely postcapillary venules and arterioles. Across the walls of the venules, large quantities of all injected tracers escape through the clefts between migrating lymphocytes and endothelial cells; also the arterioles have a small number of endothelial junctions which are permeable to peroxidase, but do not allow passage of tracers of higher molecular weight. The tracers released by the leaky vessels penetrate the intercellular clefts of the medulla, but they never reach the cortical parenchyma, even at long time intervals after the injection. Therefore, a blood-thymus barrier to circulating macromolecules does exist, but is limited to the cortex. Medullary lymphocytes are freely exposed to blood-borne substances.
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Levitt MD, Duane WC, Cooperband SR. Study of macroamylase complexes. J Lab Clin Med 1972; 80:414-22. [PMID: 4626678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Antoine B, Neveu T, Hinglais N, Watchi JM, Gaillardon J, Gourdin MF. Experimental histuria and histemia. Tissue macromolecules in blood and urine due to hepatic necrosis in rabbits. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1969; 132:1052-9. [PMID: 5360979 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-132-34365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Guériguian JL, Pearlman WH. Some properties of a testosterone-binding component of human pregnancy serum. J Biol Chem 1968; 243:5226-33. [PMID: 4178405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Ledvina M. [Macromolecular components in leukemia patients]. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1966; 21:696-702. [PMID: 4167573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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