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Kyung SM, Lee JH, Lee ES, Xiang XR, Yoo HS. Emergence and genomic chion of Proteus mirabilis harboring bla NDM-1 in Korean companion dogs. Vet Res 2024; 55:50. [PMID: 38594755 PMCID: PMC11005143 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a commensal bacterium dwelling in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and animals. Although New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) producing P. mirabilis is emerging as a threat, its epidemiology in our society remains largely unknown. LHPm1, the first P. mirabilis isolate harboring NDM-1, was detected from a companion dog that resides with a human owner. The whole-genome study revealed 20 different antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes against various classes of antimicrobial agents, which corresponded to the MIC results. Genomic regions, including MDR genes, were identified with multiple variations and visualized in a comparative manner. In the whole-genome epidemiological analysis, multiple phylogroups were identified, revealing the genetic relationship of LHPm1 with other P. mirabilis strains carrying various AMR genes. These genetic findings offer comprehensive insights into NDM-1-producing P. mirabilis, underscoring the need for urgent control measures and surveillance programs using a "one health approach".
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Kyung
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Lee
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xi-Rui Xiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Decôme M, Cuq B, Fairbrother JH, Gatel L, Conversy B. Clinical significance of Proteus mirabilis bacteriuria in dogs, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility. Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:252-258. [PMID: 33012973 PMCID: PMC7490997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to describe the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical significance of Proteus mirabilis in canine bacteriuria and to identify the risk factors associated with P. mirabilis urinary tract infections. This is a retrospective observational study of 48 P. mirabilis-positive canine urinary cultures. Only 22 of the 48 P. mirabilis isolates (45.8%) were non-susceptible to at least one tested antimicrobial. Most P. mirabilis isolates (98%) were susceptible to enrofloxacin, 93.7% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 85.4% to ampicillin, cephalothin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Five multidrug-resistant isolates were detected (10.4%). A significant increase in antimicrobial resistance was observed over the study period. Positive P. mirabilis cultures were associated with bacterial cystitis in 36 of 39 dogs (92.3%), pyelonephritis in 2 of 39 dogs (5.1%), and one dog had both bacterial cystitis and pyelonephritis (2.5%). There was no subclinical bacteriuria. Most urinary tract infections were complicated as risk factors were identified in 37 of 39 dogs (94.8%). The most commonly identified risk factors were the presence of a contaminated peri-vulvar area with urine/feces or a hypoplastic vulva. To conclude, P. mirabilis bacteriuria was associated with upper and lower urinary tract infections in this study and was found more frequently in complicated bacterial cystitis. Multidrug-resistant isolates and increased P. mirabilis antimicrobial resistance have been identified over the last 10 years, but most isolates remain susceptible to first-line antimicrobials such as amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Decôme
- Centre Vétérinaire Laval, Laval, Quebec (Decôme); Department of Small Animal Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Cuq); Complexe de diagnostic et d'épidémiosurveillance vétérinaires du Québec, Bacteriology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Fairbrother); Referral Center in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging and Neurology, AZURVET, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France (Gatel); Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Conversy)
| | - Benoît Cuq
- Centre Vétérinaire Laval, Laval, Quebec (Decôme); Department of Small Animal Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Cuq); Complexe de diagnostic et d'épidémiosurveillance vétérinaires du Québec, Bacteriology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Fairbrother); Referral Center in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging and Neurology, AZURVET, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France (Gatel); Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Conversy)
| | - Julie-Hélène Fairbrother
- Centre Vétérinaire Laval, Laval, Quebec (Decôme); Department of Small Animal Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Cuq); Complexe de diagnostic et d'épidémiosurveillance vétérinaires du Québec, Bacteriology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Fairbrother); Referral Center in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging and Neurology, AZURVET, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France (Gatel); Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Conversy)
| | - Laure Gatel
- Centre Vétérinaire Laval, Laval, Quebec (Decôme); Department of Small Animal Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Cuq); Complexe de diagnostic et d'épidémiosurveillance vétérinaires du Québec, Bacteriology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Fairbrother); Referral Center in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging and Neurology, AZURVET, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France (Gatel); Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Conversy)
| | - Bérénice Conversy
- Centre Vétérinaire Laval, Laval, Quebec (Decôme); Department of Small Animal Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Cuq); Complexe de diagnostic et d'épidémiosurveillance vétérinaires du Québec, Bacteriology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Fairbrother); Referral Center in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging and Neurology, AZURVET, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France (Gatel); Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Conversy)
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Sanches MS, Baptista AAS, de Souza M, Menck-Costa MF, Koga VL, Kobayashi RKT, Rocha SPD. Genotypic and phenotypic profiles of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Proteus mirabilis isolated from chicken carcasses: potential zoonotic risk. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:685-694. [PMID: 31049879 PMCID: PMC6863274 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen often associated with a variety of human infections acquired both in the community and in hospitals. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance determinants of 32 P. mirabilis strains isolated from chicken carcasses in a poultry slaughterhouse in the north of the state of Paraná, Brazil, in order to assess a potential zoonotic risk. The isolates presented a variety of virulence genes that contribute to the development of infection in humans. The mrpA, pmfA, atfA (fimbriae), ireA (siderophores receptor), zapA, ptA (Proteases), and hpmA (hemolysin) genes were found in 32 (100%) isolates and ucaA (fimbriae) in 16 (50%). All isolates showed aggregative adherence in HEp-2 cells and formed biofilms. Of all strains, 27 (84.38%) showed cytotoxic effects in Vero cells. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using 20 antimicrobials, in which 25 (78.13%) strains were considered multidrug-resistant. The presence of blaESBL and blaampC genes conferring resistance to β-lactams and qnr to quinolones were also detected in the isolates after presumption in the phenotypic test, in which 7 (21.88%) isolates contained the CTX-M-2 group, 11 (34.38%) contained CIT group and 19 (59.38%) contained qnrD. Therefore, chicken carcasses contaminated with P. mirabilis may pose a health risk to the consumer, as these isolates have a variety of virulence and antimicrobial resistance characteristics that can be found in P. mirabilis strains isolated from human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Silva Sanches
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista
- Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marielen de Souza
- Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Maísa Fabiana Menck-Costa
- Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lumi Koga
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sergio Paulo Dejato Rocha
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PO-BOX 6001, Londrina, Paraná, 86051-980, Brazil.
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Liu F, Shi HZ, Guo QS, Yu YB, Wang AM, Lv F, Shen WB. Effects of astaxanthin and emodin on the growth, stress resistance and disease resistance of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 51:125-135. [PMID: 26899124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) has become a commercially important fish species in China and eastern Asia. High-density aquaculture has led to congestion and excessive stress and contributed to bacterial infection outbreaks that have caused high mortality. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with astaxanthin and emodin alone and in combination on the growth and stress resistance of yellow catfish. After 60 days of feeding, each group of fish (control, astaxanthin, emodin, and astaxanthin plus emodin (combination) groups) was exposed to acute crowding stress for 24 h, and a subsample of fish from the four groups was challenged with the bacterial septicemia pathogen Proteus mirabilis after the end of the crowding stress experiment. Compared with the control, the astaxanthin and emodin groups showed increases in serum total protein (TP), hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and hepatic heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) mRNA levels at 12 and 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress. The combination group exhibited increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, serum TP, hepatic SOD activity and hepatic HSP70 mRNA levels within 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress. However, decreases relative to the control were observed in the serum cortisol and glucose contents in the three treatment groups at 12 and 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress, in ALT and AST activity in the astaxanthin and emodin group at 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress, and in the serum lysozyme activity, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and hepatic catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in the combination group at 24 h after the initiation of crowding stress. Additionally, the cumulative mortality after P. mirabilis infection was lower in all three treatment groups (57.00%-70.33%) than in the control (77.67%). Dietary supplementation with astaxanthin and emodin decreased the specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) of healthy yellow catfish, although significant differences in mortality were not observed. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 80 mg/kg astaxanthin and 150 mg/kg emodin can improve the anti-oxidative capabilities, hepatic HSP70 levels, and resistance to acute crowding stress of yellow catfish. Finally, an appropriate strategy for enhance yellow catfish stress resistance and disease resistance is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory for Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pool of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China; Biology Post-doctoral Mobile Stations, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Shi
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Qiao-Sheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Ye-Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pool of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Ai-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pool of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Fu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pool of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Wen-Biao Shen
- Biology Post-doctoral Mobile Stations, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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Schultz E, Haenni M, Mereghetti L, Siebor E, Neuwirth C, Madec JY, Cloeckaert A, Doublet B. Survey of multidrug resistance integrative mobilizable elements SGI1 and PGI1 in Proteus mirabilis in humans and dogs in France, 2010-13. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:2543-6. [PMID: 26066582 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize MDR genomic islands related to Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) and Proteus genomic island 1 (PGI1) in Proteus mirabilis from human and animal sources in France in light of the previously reported cases. METHODS A total of 52 and 46 P. mirabilis clinical strains from human and animal sources, respectively, were studied for the period 2010-13. MDR was assessed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR detection of SGI1 and PGI1 and PCR mapping of the MDR regions. The diversity of the SGI1/PGI1-positive P. mirabilis strains was assessed by PFGE. RESULTS Twelve P. mirabilis strains (5 humans and 7 dogs) were found to harbour an MDR island related to SGI1 or PGI1. Among them, several SGI1 variants were identified in diverse P. mirabilis genetic backgrounds. The variant SGI1-V, which harbours the ESBL bla VEB-6 gene, was found in closely genetically related human and dog P. mirabilis strains. The recently described PGI1 element was also identified in human and dog strains. Finally, one strain harboured a novel SGI genomic island closely related to SGI1 and SGI2 without an insertion of the MDR region. CONCLUSION This study reports for the first time, to our knowledge, SGI1-positive and PGI1-positive P. mirabilis strains from dogs in France. The genetic diversity of the strains suggests several independent horizontal acquisitions of these MDR elements. The potential transmission of SGI1/PGI1-positive P. mirabilis strains between animals and humans is of public health concern, notably with regard to the spread of ESBL and carbapenemase genes, i.e. bla VEB-6 and bla NDM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliette Schultz
- INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France ANSES, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, F- 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- ANSES, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, F- 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Mereghetti
- INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France CHU de Tours, Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, F37044 Tours, France
| | - Eliane Siebor
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Dijon, Plateau technique de Biologie, BP 37013, F-21070 Dijon cedex, France
| | - Catherine Neuwirth
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Dijon, Plateau technique de Biologie, BP 37013, F-21070 Dijon cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- ANSES, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, F- 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Benoît Doublet
- INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
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Dahmen S, Madec JY, Haenni M. F2:A-:B- plasmid carrying the extended-spectrum β-lactamase bla(CTX-M-55/57) gene in Proteus mirabilis isolated from a primate. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 41:594-5. [PMID: 23507413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Grobbel M, Lübke-Becker A, Alesík E, Schwarz S, Wallmann J, Werckenthin C, Wieler LH. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. from various organ systems of horses, dogs and cats as determined in the BfT-GermVet monitoring program 2004-2006. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2007; 120:402-411. [PMID: 17939455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A total of 120 isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. collected from horses and small animals (dogs and cats) were screened for their susceptibility to 24 different antimicrobial agents. Klebsiella spp. were included from infections of the genital tract (GT) of horses (36 isolates) and the urinary/genital tract (UGT) from dogs and cats (17 isolates), while Proteus spp. were from small animal (dogs and cats) infections of the UGT (37 strains) and the skin (incl. ear/mouth) (30 isolates). In Klebsiella spp. resistance appeared most frequently to ampicillin (53-67%), sulfamethoxazole (19-29%) and potentiated sulfonamides (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 1/19 combination) (19-24%). A further 29% of enrofloxacin resistant Klebsiella isolates were observed for the UGT of small animals. From the GT of horses for this antimicrobial agent there was no isolate detected with a comparably high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. In Proteus spp. highest percentages of resistance occurred against tetracycline (90-92%). Due to drug efflux proteins, high MIC values against this antimicrobial agent have been frequently reported in literature. In Proteus spp. relevant resistance percentages also occurred for potentiated sulfonamides (27-37%), sulfamethoxazole (24-37%) and chloramphenicol (24-37%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Grobbel
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinarmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin.
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Bowles MH, Welsh RD, Hoffman J, Turnwald GH. Evaluation of a method using Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to experimentally induce dual infection of the urinary bladder in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61:1484-6. [PMID: 11131585 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a method using Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to experimentally induce dual infection of the urinary bladder in dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE Dogs were anesthetized, and cystitis was induced by infusing a solution of salicylic acid in ethanol into the bladder, followed by an inoculum containing field isolates of P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. Dogs were examined daily for 21 days after induction of cystitis. On day 21, dogs were euthanatized, and urinary bladder, renal pelvis, and prostate specimens were submitted for bacterial culture. RESULTS After induction of cystitis, all dogs had evidence of thickening of the bladder wall, dysuria, tenesmus, and hematuria. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria, hematuria, and pyuria. All urine samples obtained on day 21 yielded growth of P. mirabilis, but P. aeruginosa was not cultured from any of these samples. Proteus mirabilis was isolated from bladder, renal pelvis, or prostate specimens from 4 dogs; P. aeruginosa was not isolated from any of the tissue specimens. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the method used in the present study fails to induce dual infection of the urinary bladder with P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. The inability to establish a persistent dual infection with this method may have been a result of insufficient pathogenicity of the Pseudomonas isolate or an inadequacy of the experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Bowles
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA
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Branch S, Hall L, Blackshear P, Chernoff N. Infectious dermatitis in a ball python (Python regius) colony. J Zoo Wildl Med 1998; 29:461-4. [PMID: 10065857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven wild-caught ball pythons (Python regius), including six gravid females and one male, were obtained from Africa and were housed in a government animal facility in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Upon arrival, the snakes were found to be infested with ticks (Aponomma latus), which were manually removed. Four weeks following arrival, vesicular skin lesions began to appear on the snakes. Despite treatment of all affected female snakes with amikacin (5 mg/kg i.m., every 3 days) and cefotaxime (25 mg/kg i.m., every 3 days), the condition progressed and five of the female snakes died 7 wk after arrival. The remaining male and one female improved after an increase in environmental temperature, with ecdysis followed by healing. Physiologic stress, ectoparasites, and shipping may have predisposed the snakes to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Branch
- Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
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Abstract
Eubacterium suis was isolated from the preputium of seven out of 16 mature boars on two farms and from the urinary bladder of one out of five sows originating from a third herd. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated strains were identical to that of the reference strain of E. suis ATTC 33144. Three out of four strains isolated from Farm A were successfully subcultured aerobically, and then anaerobically again. E. suis together with Proteus mirabilis was isolated from cystitis of a sow 4 days after artificial insemination. These are the first strains of E. suis isolated in Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Biksi
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Science, Budapest, Hungary
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Warmerdam EP, Klein WR, van Herpen BP. Infectious temporomandibular joint disease in the horse: computed tomographic diagnosis and treatment of two cases. Vet Rec 1997; 141:172-4. [PMID: 9290196 DOI: 10.1136/vr.141.7.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic imaging and treatment of unilateral destructive temporomandibular joint disease in two horses is described and discussed. Computed tomography appeared to be the best imaging technique for these lesions. The disease can be followed by functional recovery after the infection has resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Warmerdam
- Department of Radiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Farca AM, Piromalli G, Maffei F, Re G. Potentiating effect of EDTA-Tris on the activity of antibiotics against resistant bacteria associated with otitis, dermatitis and cystitis. J Small Anim Pract 1997; 38:243-5. [PMID: 9200113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Possible synergistic effects of the combination of EDTA-tromethamine (EDTA-Tris) and three antimicrobial agents (cephaloridine, kanendomycin and enrofloxacin) against resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are reported. Bacteria were isolated from eight cases of chronic otitis externa, five cases of chronic dermatitis and four cases of recurrent cystitis in dogs which had previously been treated with one of the three antibiotics without success. Animals exposed to EDTA-tromethamine plus the antibiotic recovered completely within 10 days, and were controlled clinically and bacteriologically for 180 days. Local irrigation with EDTA-tromethamine solution was well tolerated and no side effects were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Farca
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, Italy
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Abstract
An 18-year-old female barbary ape in a safari park died from a mixed bacterial infection. Staphylococus aureus was isolated from a purulent necrotic mastitis and from a chronic purulent granulomatous sialoadenitis of the sublingual glands, Eikenella corrodens from a botryomycosis-type pneumonia. As judged by histopathology, mixed infection of S. aureus and E. corrodens was present in the sialoadenitis, and E. corrodens botryomycosis-type bacterial colonies were also present in the pancreatic parenchyma, though here no bacteriological isolation was attempted. A generalized amyloidosis, and especially pancreatic islet amyloidosis, probably indicated an altered immunological competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brack
- German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
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Gaastra W, van Oosterom RA, Pieters EW, Bergmans HE, van Dijk L, Agnes A, ter Huurne HM. Isolation and characterisation of dog uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis strains. Vet Microbiol 1996; 48:57-71. [PMID: 8701578 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(95)00133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from the urine of dogs with urinary tract infections, were characterised with respect to the production of haemolysin and fimbriae. In contrast to healthy dogs, P. mirabilis was also isolated in high numbers from the faeces of dogs suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections. Production of fimbriae was demonstrated by electron microscopy and the presence of genes for two different types of major fimbrial subunits (MR/P-like or UCA-like) was demonstrated by Southern hybridisation. These genes were absent in the Proteus vulgaris, Providentia rettgeri and Morganella morganii strains tested. All but one P. mirabilis strains were haemolytic and most strains produced fimbriae albeit in different amounts. The UCA fimbrial subunits from dog and human isolates have identical molecular weights and N-terminal sequences and are immunologically cross reactive. It was concluded that dog uropathogenic P. mirabilis strains are very similar to human uropathogenic P. mirabilis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gaastra
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Tanaka M, Takuma H, Kokumai N, Oishi E, Obi T, Hiramatsu K, Shimizu Y. Turkey rhinotracheitis virus isolated from broiler chicken with swollen head syndrome in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 1995; 57:939-41. [PMID: 8593307 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.57.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus was first isolated from a commercial broiler chicken with swollen head syndrome (SHS) in Japan. At the same time, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian reovirus (ARV), Escherichia coli (E.coli), Morganella morganii, and Proteus mirabilis were also isolated from the same broiler chicken. The presence of antibodies to TRT virus was confirmed in the sera of 34-day-old chickens of the flock with SHS, however the antibodies to TRT virus were undetectable in the sera of 17-day-old chickens. In this investigation, we confirmed avian pneumovirus infection in chickens in Japan, and the virus and other agents may be considered as a cause of SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanaka
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Kyoto Biken Laboratories, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Twenty dogs with abscessation of the prostate gland were treated by celiotomy, drainage, and digital exploration of the gland through bilateral capsulectomy wounds. Omentum was introduced through the capsulectomy wounds and packed into the abscess cavities around the prostatic urethra. Most dogs were discharged from the hospital within 48 hours of the surgery. Long-term resolution of the problem (no recurrence within 12 months) was achieved in 19 dogs. One dog had recurrent abscessation that was managed by the placement of dependent Penrose drains. Temporary tube cystostomy was performed postoperatively in one dog for the management of transient dysuria. One dog with septic peritonitis resulting from preoperative abscess rupture was managed by concurrent open peritoneal drainage. Intracapsular prostatic omentalization was a simple and effective means of managing prostatic abscessation with minimal requirement for postoperative hospitalization of the patient. The frequency of serious complications, including postoperative urinary incontinence, was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A White
- Faculty of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
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17
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Abstract
Three dogs were presented for para-aural abscessation. Ear canal separations were suspected preoperatively, based on histories of trauma, physical examination findings of minimally inflamed external ear canals with abrupt endings, and radiographic evidence of discontinuity of the ear canals. Concurrent otitis media, based on radiographic findings, was diagnosed in all three dogs. Disruptions of the external ear canals were confirmed at surgery, and the dogs each responded to total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E McCarthy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-8410, USA
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18
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Bijlsma IGW, Dijk LV, Kusters JG, Gaastra W. Nucleotide sequences of two fimbrial major subunit genes, pmpA and ucaA, from canine-uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis strains. Microbiology (Reading) 1995; 141 ( Pt 6):1349-1357. [PMID: 7670636 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-141-6-1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis strains were isolated from dogs with urinary tract infection (UTI) and fimbriae were prepared from two strains. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the major fimbrial subunits were determined and both sequences appeared identical to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of a urinary cell adhesin (UCA) (Wray, S. K., Hull, S. I., Cook, R. G., Barrish, J. & Hull, R. A., 1986, Infect Immun 54, 43-49). The genes of two different major fimbrial subunits were cloned using oligonucleotide probes that were designed on the basis of the N-terminal UCA sequence. Nucleotide sequencing revealed the complete ucaA gene of 540 bp (from strain IVB247) encoding a polypeptide of 180 amino acids, including a 22 amino acid signal sequence peptide, and the pmpA (P. mirabilis P-like pili) gene of 549 bp (from strain IVB219) encoding a polypeptide of 183 amino acids, including a 23 amino acid signal sequence. Hybridization experiments gave clear indications of the presence of both kinds of fimbriae in many UTI-related canine P. mirabilis isolates. However, the presence of these fimbriae could not be demonstrated in P. vulgaris or other Proteus-related species. Database analysis of amino acid sequences of major subunit proteins revealed that the UcaA protein shares about 56% amino acid identity with the F17A and F111A major fimbrial subunits from bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. In turn, the PmpA protein more closely resembled the pyelonephritis-associated pili (Pap)-like major subunit protein from UTI-related E. coli. The evolutionary relationship of UcaA, PmpA and various other fimbrial subunit proteins is presented in a phylogenetic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G W Bijlsma
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 1, PO Box 80. 165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda van Dijk
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 1, PO Box 80. 165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Kusters
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 1, PO Box 80. 165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Gaastra
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 1, PO Box 80. 165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Collier LL, Collins BK. Excision and cryosurgical ablation of severe periocular papillomatosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 204:881-3; discussion 884-5. [PMID: 8188508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L L Collier
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Brinsko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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21
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Holmes B, Costas M, Sloss LL. Numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns of Providencia alcalifaciens strains from human faeces and veterinary specimens. J Appl Bacteriol 1988; 64:27-35. [PMID: 3350783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1988.tb02426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five strains of Providencia alcalifaciens from various countries have been characterized by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE of cellular proteins. They comprised 15 from human faeces, one from duck faeces, one from a guinea-pig eye and eight from unknown sources. Also included, for reference purposes, were the type strains of three other Providencia species. The protein patterns, which contained 45-50 discrete bands, were highly reproducible and were used as the basis for two numerical analyses. In the first, in which the principal protein bands (in the 33-40 kD range) were excluded, the 25 Prov. alcalifaciens strains formed, at the 83% S level, a single cluster whilst the three Providencia reference strains remained unclustered. In the second, which included all the protein bands, the 25 Prov. alcalifaciens strains formed 10 clusters at the 85% S level. We conclude that high resolution PAGE combined with computerized analysis of protein patterns provides the basis for typing clinical strains of Prov. alcalifaciens. Reference strains of each of the 10 PAGE types identified are available from NCTC for inclusion in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Holmes
- National Collection of Type Cultures, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, UK
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22
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Abstract
Proteus mirabilis was the predominant cause of acute diabetes-associated pyelonephritis occurring spontaneously in male MM mice until they were segregated in a new environment. Thereafter Pasteurella pneumotropica and Streptococcus faecalis emerged collectively as the most common causal organisms, the pyelonephritis became more chronic and Proteus mirabilis isolates from faeces and urine produced atypical non-swarming colonies on blood agar plates. This did not account for the reduced pathogenicity of Proteus mirabilis; when MM males were returned to the original environment the pyelonephritis again became acute but was associated with the atypical type of Proteus mirabilis although the normal type was abundant in the environment. The MM mice were Caesarean-derived and cross-fostered shortly before their transfer to the second environment, which probably accounts for their changed microbial status, but the reason for the emergence of the atypical type of Proteus mirabilis is not understood. The acute nature of the male MM pyelonephritis when caused by Proteus mirabilis parallels the situation described in other animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Taylor
- AFRC & MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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23
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Faisal M, Popp W, Refai M. [High mortality of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus caused by Providencia rettgeri]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1987; 100:238-40. [PMID: 3632601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Ling GV, Lowenstine LJ, Cullen JM, Ackerman N, Ruby AL. Chronic urinary tract infection in dogs: induction by inoculation with bacteria via percutaneous nephropyelostomy. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48:794-8. [PMID: 3296890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dogs were inoculated via percutaneous nephropyelostomy with bacteria isolated from canine patients with urinary tract infections (4 dogs were inoculated with Escherichia coli, 2 were inoculated with Proteus mirabilis, and 1 was inoculated with coagulase-positive staphylococci). At approximately monthly intervals after bacterial inoculation, bladder urine specimens were collected via antepubic cystocentesis, and renal pelvic urine specimens were collected via percutaneous nephropyelocentesis. Dogs were euthanatized between 89 and 294 days after bacterial inoculation. Extensive microscopic examination was conducted on the urinary tract of each dog. The dogs did not develop any of the common clinical signs of urinary tract infections (ie, increased frequency of urination, fever, craniodorsal abdominal [renal] pain, or malaise). Inflammation in the lower urinary tract of the dogs was more severe than that in the kidneys. Although pyelitis was present, extension into the outer medulla and renal cortex seemed to be confined to nephropyelostomy tracts. The most severe bladder lesion was found in the dog that developed cystic calculi after inoculation with coagulase-positive staphylococci.
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25
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26
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Senior DF, Gaskin JM, Hines SA, Buergelt CD, Harvey JW, Keefe TJ. A model for experimental bacterial cystitis in the dog. Lab Anim Sci 1986; 36:486-91. [PMID: 3773458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To induce an experimental model of bacterial cystitis, ten preconditioned dogs underwent bladder irritation with a 0.1% alcoholic solution of salicylic acid followed in 24 hours by an intravesicular infusion of Proteus mirabilis. The dogs were observed for the following 14 days (five dogs) and 17 days (five dogs) and then euthanatized and necropsied. Tenesmus, dysuria, hematuria, and pollakiuria occurred in all dogs, but the severity of these signs diminished with time. The total white cell, neutrophil, and monocyte counts in the peripheral blood increased and urinalysis results were consistent with infection and severe inflammation. The infection persisted for the duration of the study, although the average quantitative bacterial count in urine progressively declined. No changes occurred in the measured clinical chemistry values. Severe inflammation was present on gross examination of the bladder and microscopic examination of the bladder, prostate, and renal pelvis. Less severe inflammation was present on microscopic examination of the urethra and ureter.
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27
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Abstract
A new chemotherapeutic agent, pipemidic acid, was used to treat 14 dogs and 2 cats with recurrent urinary tract infection caused by multiresistent strains of Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. Bacterial culture of the urine after treatment revealed disappearance of the microorganisms in all patients. It is concluded that pipemidic acid is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for urinary tract infections caused by multiresistant E. coli and Proteus spp., with the condition that bacterial culture during the course of treatment is obligatory.
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28
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Jacobson ER, Millichamp NJ, Gaskin JM. Use of a polyvalent autogenous bacterin for treatment of mixed gram-negative bacterial osteomyelitis in a rhinoceros viper. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 187:1224-5. [PMID: 3935615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Fallon RK, McCaw D, Lattimer J. Unusual nasal foreign body in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 186:710. [PMID: 3886614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A metallic hunting arrowhead was found in the nasal sinuses of a dog with chronic nasal discharge. The arrowhead was removed via rhinotomy. Nasal discharge ceased after the foreign body's removal.
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30
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Line S, Dorr T, Roberts J, Ihrke P. Necrotizing cellulitis in a squirrel monkey. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 185:1378-9. [PMID: 6392262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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Wooley RE, Jones MS, Gilbert JP, Shotts EB. In vitro action of combinations of antimicrobial agents with EDTA-tromethamine on Proteus vulgaris of a canine origin. Am J Vet Res 1984; 45:1451-1454. [PMID: 24049916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of EDTA-tromethamine and 7 antimicrobial agents (chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, oxytetracycline, penicillin, polymyxin-B, streptomycin, or a combination of sulfamethazine, sulfapyridine, and sulfathiazole) were tested for synergistic activities against Proteus vulgaris of canine origin. Three in vitro tests were used, including minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs, a 2-dimensional microtiter checkerboard technique, and bacterial inhibition studies. A synergistic inhibitory action was observed with combinations of EDTA-tromethamine plus penicillin, oxytetracycline, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, polymyxin-B, or sulfamethazine-sulfapyridine-sulfathiazole by at least one test system. A synergistic effect was not recorded with combinations of EDTA-tromethamine and streptomycin. Poor correlation between data from the 3 test systems was noticed, despite the fact that each monitors bacteriostatic end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Wooley
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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32
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Sah RL, Mall MP, Mohanty GC. Septicemic proteus infection in Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Avian Dis 1983; 27:296-300. [PMID: 6342594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteus infection was incriminated as the cause of severe depression, coma, and high mortality in successive broods of quail chicks. The pathological lesions comprised congestion of lungs, liver, and kidneys and mucus exudation in the trachea. The organism, isolated from the heart blood and lungs of affected chicks, was identified on biochemical tests as Proteus mirabilis. Pathogenicity of the isolate was tested in young albino mice and week-old quail chicks, which succumbed to infection within 48 hours of inoculation. Association of P. mirabilis with septicemic disease in Japanese quails has apparently been demonstrated for the first time.
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33
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Matsumoto T. Influence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris on the mortality pattern of mice after lethal irradiation with gamma rays. Lab Anim 1982; 16:36-9. [PMID: 7038292 DOI: 10.1258/002367782780908896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mortality patterns and the LD50/30 for mice free from Enterobacteriaceae, mice contaminated with Enterobacter cloacae, and mice inoculated with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Proteus vulgaris were examined after whole-body irradiation with gamma rays. no clear differences were observed among the infected groups, but there were clear differences between then and those negative for Enterobacteriaceae. The LD50/30 of Enterobacteriaceae-positive mice was similar to that for conventional mice. All 4 nonpathogenic Enterobacteriaceae had very similar detrimental effects on mice after lethal irradiation.
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34
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Divers TJ, Byars TD, Murch O, Sigel CW. Experimental induction of Proteus mirabilis cystitis in the pony and evaluation of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. Am J Vet Res 1981; 42:1203-5. [PMID: 7023298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis cystitis was induced in 9 ponies by chemically eroding the bladder mucosa before the organism was inoculated. Comparisons were made in the treatment of P mirabilis cystitis between ponies treated daily for 13 days with a trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMP-SDZ) paste and both positive and negative controls. Urine cultures from ponies treated with TMP-SDZ became negative for P mirabilis between days 3 and 9 after the start of the treatment, whereas positive controls remained infected until day 13. Urine cultures from all ponies were negative for P mirabilis on day 28. Urine concentrations of TMP and SDZ were relatively high after day 1 of therapy.
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35
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Nyack B, Craig IE, Padmore CL. Gangrenous mastitis in a cow. Mod Vet Pract 1981; 62:543-4. [PMID: 7290061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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36
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Klausner JS, Osborne CA, Griffith DP. Canine struvite urolithiasis. Am J Pathol 1981; 102:457-8. [PMID: 7011042 PMCID: PMC1903713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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37
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39
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Ling GV, Ruby AL. Trimethoprim in combination with a sulfonamide for oral treatment of canine urinary tract infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979; 174:1003-5. [PMID: 372165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trimethoprim, in combination with sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole was administered orally for 7 to 14 days to 84 dogs with urinary tract infections (UTI). The daily dosage of 26.4 mg/kg (12 mg/lb) was divided into 2 equal parts and administered at about 12-hour intervals. Response to treatment, based on negative urine culture during or after therapy, was 37 of 45 (82%) for UTI caused by Escherichia coli, 11 of 15 (73%) UTI caused by Proteus mirabilis, 8 of 12 (67%) UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6 of 6 (100%) UTI caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and 5 of 9 (56%) UTI caused by Streptococcus spp. These 5 species comprised 88% of the bacteria isolated from the dogs in this study.
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40
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Jacobson E. Diseases of the respiratory system in reptiles. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1978; 73:1169-75. [PMID: 364816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Ling GV, Ruby AL. Chloramphenicol for oral treatment of canine urinary tract infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978; 172:914-6. [PMID: 348660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol was administered orally for 7 to 14 days to 83 dogs with urinary tract infections. The daily dosage of 99 mg/kg (45 mg/lb) was divided into 3 equal parts and administered at 8-hour intervals. Response to treatment (negative urine culture after treatment) varied from 84% (11 to 13) for infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus to 51% (24 of 47) for those caused by Escherichia coli; 82% (14 of 17) of the infections caused by Streptococcus spp and 63% (7 of 11) of those caused by Proteus mirabilis responded to treatment. These 4 species comprised 88% of the bacteria isolated from the dogs.
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42
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Ridgway RL, Heggers JP, Jennings PB, Hunter WJ. Hematogenous Bacteroides fragilis and Proteus mirabilis infection in a dog with lymphocytic lymphoma of the spleen. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978; 172:711-3. [PMID: 346544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Ling GV, Gilmore CJ. Penicillin G or ampicillin for oral treatment of canine urinary tract infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977; 171:358-61. [PMID: 330479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin G or ampicillin was administered orally to 144 dogs with urinary tract infections. The daily dosage of penicillin G ranged from 110,000 to 165,000 U/kg (50,000-75,000 U/lb), and the dosage of ampicillin varied from 77 to 110 mg/kg (35-50 mg/lb). The daily dose of each antibiotic was divided into 3 or 4 doses and given at approximately 8- or 6-hour intervals for 10 to 14 days. Response to treatment, based on results of urine culture, varied from no response for infections caused by Pseudomonas spp to 100% response for those caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. About 50% of infections caused by Escherichia coli were eliminated, as were about 80% of those due to Proteus mirabilis. Mean concentrations of penicillin G and ampicillin in urines collected at 6-hour intervals after oral administration to clinically normal adult dogs were approximately 350 microgram/ml for both drugs when each was given individually in daily dosages (divided QID) of 55 mg/kg (25 mg/lb). The minimum inhibitory concentration of penicillin G for a number of the bacteria isolated from the urine of the infected dogs was compared with the results of the clinical trials and to the minimum inhibitory concentration of a larger number of urinary bacterial isolates.
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44
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45
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Abstract
The possible use of Dienes' phenomenon for typing proteus strains as an aid to bacteriological monitoring of barrier-maintained animal units was investigated. It was rare for more than 1 Dienes' type to be isolated from an individual animal. A persistent relationship between 1 or 2 Diene's types and each strain of animal was demonstrated, although these same types were shown to be capable of causing clinical disease in their normal host. The findings suggest that Dienes' phenomenon may be of value in detecting outside contamination of barrier-maintained animals and also might usefully be applied to experimental epidemiological studies.
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46
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47
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Abstract
Diseases and infections diagnosed in laboratory mice, rats, guinea-pigs, golden hamsters and rabbits at the Veterinary Research Laboratory, Kabete, Kenya, are listed and discussed. Zoonoses encountered included salmonellosis and lymphocytic choriomeningitis. A number of traditionally recognised conditions were recorded but there were some notable omissions. The changing picture in laboratory animal science in East Africa is outlined and attention is drawn to the need for work on related diseases and infections.
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48
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Wooley RE, Blue JL, Campbell LM. Attempted reversal of oxytetracycline resistance of Proteus mirabilis by EDTA-tromethamine lavage in experimentally induced canine and feline cystitis. Am J Vet Res 1975; 36:1533-5. [PMID: 811139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An attempt was made to reverse the antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis used to induce experimental cystitis in cats and dogs. Results of in vitro studies on an oxytetracycline-resistant strain of P mirabilis, utilizing standard plate counts, indicated the organism became susceptible to oxytetracycline when it was treated with a solution of EDTA-tromethamine. In vivo experiments were conducted with cats and dogs in which 50% of the experimentally infected animals were treated with bladder lavage twice daily with EDTA-tromethamine solution and 50% with tromethamine buffer alone; all were given standard doses of oxytetracycline. Results of bacteriologic cultural examinations of urinary samples and urinalyses done each day, at the end of the experiments, indicated all animals had cystitis. Thus, although the organism's resistance to oxytetracycline was changed by EDTA-tromethamine in vitro, change in bacterial resistance did not occur in vivo in cats and dogs during clinical treatment.
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Jasper DE, Dellinger JD, Bushnell RB. Herd studies on coliform mastitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1975; 166:778-80. [PMID: 804464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were responsible for 63, 10, and 11 percent, respectively, of 158 coliform organisms recovered from mastitis cases in 8 California herds. The severity and nature of the coliform mastitis problem were found to vary greatly among herds but were characteristic for each of 4 herds studied in detail.
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The control of mastitis. Mod Vet Pract 1974; 55:659-61. [PMID: 4367502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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