1
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Mattis D, Spaulding A, Chuang-Smith O, Sundberg E, Schlievert P, Kranz D. Engineering a soluble high-affinity receptor domain that neutralizes staphylococcal enterotoxin C in rabbit models of disease. Protein Eng Des Sel 2013; 26:133-42. [PMID: 23161916 PMCID: PMC3542526 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of immunostimulatory exotoxins that activate large numbers of T cells, leading to overproduction of cytokines and subsequent inflammatory reactions and systemic toxicity. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC), a SAg secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, has been implicated in various illnesses including non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and necrotizing pneumonia. SEC has been shown to cause TSS illness in rabbits and the toxin contributes to lethality associated with methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) in a rabbit model of pneumonia. With the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality associated with SEC, a high-affinity variant of the extracellular variable domain of the T-cell receptor beta-chain for SEC (~14 kDa) was generated by directed evolution using yeast display. This protein was characterized biochemically and shown to cross-react with the homologous (65% identical) SAg staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The soluble, high-affinity T-cell receptor protein neutralized SEC and SEB in vitro and also significantly reduced the bacterial burden of an SEC-positive strain of MRSA (USA400 MW2) in an infective endocarditis model. The neutralizing agent also prevented lethality due to MW2 in a necrotizing pneumonia rabbit model. These studies characterize a soluble high-affinity neutralizing agent against SEC, which is cross-reactive with SEB, and that has potential to be used intravenously with antibiotics to manage staphylococcal diseases that involve these SAgs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
- Cell Line
- Cell Surface Display Techniques
- Directed Molecular Evolution
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/immunology
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology
- Enterotoxins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enterotoxins/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/microbiology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Engineering
- Rabbits
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy
- Staphylococcal Infections/immunology
- Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
- Superantigens/metabolism
- Superantigens/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- D.M. Mattis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A.R. Spaulding
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - O.N. Chuang-Smith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - E.J. Sundberg
- Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
- Present address: Institute of Human Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - P.M. Schlievert
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - D.M. Kranz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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2
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Knott PD, Dan O, Strome M. Induction with T-cell receptor antibody leads to long-term laryngeal allograft function. Am J Otolaryngol 2008; 29:398-402. [PMID: 19144301 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of induction therapy with alphabeta T-cell receptor (alphabetaTCR) monoclonal antibody in association with tacrolimus in an allogeneic rat laryngeal transplant model permits rigorous long-term evaluation of potential short-term synergism offered by these agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The allogeneic model consisted of 19 Brown Norway larynges transplanted to Lewis recipients. Treatment consisted of tacrolimus (1.2 mg/kg per day) alone and in combination with 7 days of alphabetaTCR (0.5 mL/d). Control groups consisted of untreated animals, as well as a semiallogeneic model with Lewis-Brown Norway larynges transplanted to Lewis recipients and treated with tacrolimus monotherapy. Each group consisted of 6 to 11 rats. The median duration of engraftment was 44 days (range, 14-106 days). Graft histopathology was graded according to an established 31-point scale in a blinded fashion. Long-term grafts (>75 days) were followed with serum parathyroid hormone levels. RESULTS Untreated controls experienced almost complete rejection (mean score, 27; SD, 0). Allogeneic transplants treated with tacrolimus monotherapy experienced near-complete rejection (mean score, 25.2; SD, 2.1). Allogeneic transplants treated with combination therapy and followed for a median duration of 100 days demonstrated significantly better rejection scores than controls (mean score, 11.1; SD, 1.7; P = .003). Combination therapy was also significantly more effective in preventing acute rejection than monotherapy with tacrolimus in a semiallogeneic model (mean score, 22.1; SD, 4.6; P < .04). CONCLUSIONS Induction therapy with tacrolimus and alphabetaTCR prevents rejection in an allogeneic model for up to 100 days. This regimen was associated with significantly better histopathologic rejection scores than untreated controls, or monotherapy with tacrolimus in allogeneic or semiallogeneic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Daniel Knott
- The Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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3
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Santori FR, Popmihajlov Z, Badovinac VP, Smith C, Radoja S, Harty JT, Vukmanović S. TCRβ Chain That Forms Peptide-Independent Alloreactive TCR Transfers Reduced Reactivity with Irrelevant Peptide/MHC Complex. J Immunol 2007; 178:6109-14. [PMID: 17475836 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A major feature of the TCR repertoire is strong alloreactivity. Peptides presented by allogeneic MHC are irrelevant for recognition by a subset of alloreactive T cells. To characterize peptide-independent TCRs at the molecular level, we forced the expression of a TCRbeta chain isolated from a peptide-independent alloreactive CD8+ T cell line. The alloreactive TCR repertoire in the transgenic mouse was peptide dependent. However, analysis of essential TCR contacts formed during the recognition of self-MHC-restricted Ag showed that fewer contacts with peptide were established by the transgenic TCRbeta chain, and that this was compensated by additional contacts formed by endogenous TCRalpha chains. Thus, reduced interaction with the peptide appears to be a transferable feature of the peptide-independent TCRbeta chain. In addition, these findings demonstrate that reactivity to peptides is preferred over the reactivity to MHC during the formation of the TCR repertoire.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/physiology
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/biosynthesis
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- beta 2-Microglobulin/deficiency
- beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio R Santori
- Michael Heidelberger Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and New York University Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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4
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Le-Barillec K, Magalhaes JG, Corcuff E, Thuizat A, Sansonetti PJ, Phalipon A, Di Santo JP. Roles for T and NK cells in the innate immune response to Shigella flexneri. J Immunol 2005; 175:1735-40. [PMID: 16034114 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.3.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Shigella flexneri, an enteroinvasive Gram-negative bacterium, is responsible for the worldwide endemic form of bacillary dysentery. The host response to primary infection is characterized by the induction of an acute inflammation, which is accompanied by polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration, resulting in massive destruction of the colonic mucosa. However, PMN play a major role in the recovery from primary infection, by restricting the bacterial infection at the intestinal mucosa. In this study, we assessed the roles for T and NK cells in the control of primary S. flexneri infection, using an alymphoid mouse strain (Rag null gamma(c) null) devoid of B, T, and NK cells. Using the mouse pulmonary model of Shigella infection, we showed that alymphoid Rag null gamma(c) null mice were highly susceptible to S. flexneri infection in comparison with wild-type (wt) mice. Whereas PMN recruitment upon infection was similar, macrophage recruitment and production of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in Rag null gamma(c) null mice compared with wt mice. Upon selective engraftment of Rag null gamma(c) null mice with polyclonal alphabeta T cells, but not with alphabeta T cells from IFN-gamma null , S. flexneri infection could be subsequently controlled. Rag null mice devoid of B and T cells but harboring NK cells could control infection. Local IFN-gamma production by T and NK cells recruited to the lung was demonstrated in S. flexneri-infected wt mice. These data demonstrate that both alphabeta T cells and NK cells contribute to the early control of S. flexneri infection through amplification of an inflammatory response. This cellular lymphocyte redundancy assures IFN-gamma production, which is central to innate immunity against Shigella infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Dysentery, Bacillary/genetics
- Dysentery, Bacillary/immunology
- Dysentery, Bacillary/prevention & control
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Inflammation Mediators/physiology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-7/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin-7/genetics
- Shigella flexneri/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Le-Barillec
- Unité des Cytokines et Développement Lymphoide, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 668, Paris cedex, France
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5
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Robbins PF, Dudley ME, Wunderlich J, El-Gamil M, Li YF, Zhou J, Huang J, Powell DJ, Rosenberg SA. Cutting edge: persistence of transferred lymphocyte clonotypes correlates with cancer regression in patients receiving cell transfer therapy. J Immunol 2005; 173:7125-30. [PMID: 15585832 PMCID: PMC2175171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The lack of persistence of transferred autologous mature lymphocytes in humans has been a major limitation to the application of effective cell transfer therapies. The results of a pilot clinical trial in 13 patients with metastatic melanoma suggested that conditioning with nonmyeloablative chemotherapy before adoptive transfer of activated tumor-reactive T cells enhances tumor regression and increases the overall rates of objective clinical responses. The present report examines the relationship between T cell persistence and tumor regression through analysis of the TCR beta-chain V region gene products expressed in samples obtained from 25 patients treated with this protocol. Sequence analysis demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between tumor regression and the degree of persistence in peripheral blood of adoptively transferred T cell clones, suggesting that inadequate T cell persistence may represent a major factor limiting responses to adoptive immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Clone Cells
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/analysis
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocyte Transfusion/methods
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/transplantation
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/secondary
- Melanoma/therapy
- Pilot Projects
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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6
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Standifer NE, Kraig E, Infante AJ. A hierarchy of T cell receptor motifs determines responsiveness to the immunodominant epitope in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 145:68-76. [PMID: 14644032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The predominant murine T lymphocyte population responding to Talpha146-162, the immunodominant epitope in EAMG, expresses the TCRBV 6 gene segment. However, cells expressing other TCRBV gene segments also react with this peptide. In order to more precisely characterize the Talpha146-162-specific TCR repertoire, we isolated CD4high cells from peptide-immunized mice. The majority of CD4high cells utilized an acidic TCR beta chain CDR3 motif regardless of TCRBV gene usage. Analysis of T cell clones demonstrated a fourfold higher avidity of Vbeta6+ than non-Vbeta6 cells for Talpha146-162 indicating that a hierarchy of TCR motifs determines T cell responsiveness in EAMG.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Division/immunology
- Clone Cells
- Complementarity Determining Regions/biosynthesis
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Immunodominant Epitopes/administration & dosage
- Immunodominant Epitopes/biosynthesis
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Standifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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7
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Lambert SL, Okada CY, Levy R. TCR Vaccines against a Murine T Cell Lymphoma: A Primary Role for Antibodies of the IgG2c Class in Tumor Protection. J Immunol 2004; 172:929-36. [PMID: 14707065 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated proteins can act as effective immunotherapeutic targets. Immunization with tumor TCR protein conjugated to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) protects mice from tumor challenge with the murine T cell lymphoma C6VL. The immune mechanisms responsible for this tumor protection are of interest for designing more effective vaccine strategies. Previous studies using depletion experiments had suggested a CD8-mediated component of protection induced by TCR-KLH vaccines. In this study we used CD8alpha knockout, micro MT, and FcgammaR knockout mice to investigate the relative roles of CD8+ T cells and Ab in protective immunity induced by TCR-KLH immunization. We found that CD8+ T cells are not required for tumor protection, although they may contribute to protection. Vaccine-induced Abs are sufficient to mediate protection against this murine T cell lymphoma through an FcR-dependent mechanism. This was confirmed with Ab transfers, which protect challenged mice. Additionally, recombinase-activating gene 1(-/-) splenocytes can mediate Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against this tumor in the presence of bound anti-TCR Abs. IFN-gamma knockout mice demonstrated a requirement for IFN-gamma, probably via generation of IgG2c Abs, in vaccine-induced tumor protection. IFN-gamma knockout mice were not protected by immunization and had a severe impairment in IgG2c Ab production in response to immunization. Although mock-depleted anti-TCR Abs could transfer tumor protection, IgG2c-deficient anti-TCR Abs were unable to transfer tumor protection to wild-type mice. These results suggest that TCR-KLH vaccine-induced tumor protection in the C6VL system is primarily attributable to the induction of IgG2c Abs and humoral immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/physiology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/genetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Hemocyanins/administration & dosage
- Hemocyanins/immunology
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/physiology
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/physiology
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Fc/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie L Lambert
- Division of Oncology and Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 369 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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8
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Madakamutil LT, Maricic I, Sercarz E, Kumar V. Regulatory T cells control autoimmunity in vivo by inducing apoptotic depletion of activated pathogenic lymphocytes. J Immunol 2003; 170:2985-92. [PMID: 12626551 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.6.2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical autoimmunity requires both activation of self-reactive T cells as well as a failure of peripheral tolerance mechanisms. We previously identified one such mechanism that involves regulatory T cells recognizing TCR V beta 8.2 chain-derived peptides in the context of MHC. How this regulation affects the fate of target V beta 8.2(+) T lymphocytes in vivo that mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has remained unknown. The present study using immunoscope and CFSE-labeling analysis demonstrates that the expansion of regulatory CD4 and CD8 T cells in vivo results in apoptotic depletion of the dominant, myelin basic protein-reactive V beta 8.2(+) T cells, but not subdominant V beta 13(+) T cells. The elimination of only activated T cells by this negative feedback mechanism preserves the remainder of the naive V beta 8.2(+) T cell repertoire and at the same time results in protection from disease. These studies are the first in clearly elucidating the fate of myelin basic protein-specific encephalitogenic T cells in vivo following regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Apoptosis/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Clone Cells
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Injections, Intravenous
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Loui Thomas Madakamutil
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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9
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Scheckelhoff M, Deepe GS. The protective immune response to heat shock protein 60 of Histoplasma capsulatum is mediated by a subset of V beta 8.1/8.2+ T cells. J Immunol 2002; 169:5818-26. [PMID: 12421963 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with recombinant heat shock protein 60 (rHsp60) from Histoplasma capsulatum or a region of the protein designated fragment 3 (F3) confers protection from a subsequent challenge in mice. To determine the T cell repertoire involved in the response to Hsp60, T cell clones from C57BL/6 mice immunized with rHsp60 were generated and examined for Vbeta usage by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Vbeta8.1/8.2(+) T cells were preferentially expanded; other clones bore Vbeta4, -6, or -11. When Vbeta8.1/8.2(+) cells were depleted in mice, Vbeta4(+) T cell clones were almost exclusively isolated. Measurement of cytokine production demonstrated that nine of 16 Vbeta8.1/8.2(+) clones were Th1, while only three of 13 non-Vbeta8.1/8.2(+) clones were Th1. In mice immunized with rHsp60, depletion of Vbeta8.1/8.2(+), but not Vbeta6(+) plus Vbeta7(+), T cells completely abolished the protective efficacy of Hsp60 to lethal and sublethal challenges. Examination of the TCR revealed that a subset of Vbeta8.1/2(+) clones that produced IFN-gamma and were reactive to F3 shared a common CDR3 sequence, DGGQG. Transfer of these T cell clones into TCR alpha/beta(-/-) or IFN-gamma(-/-) mice significantly improved survival, while transfer of other Vbeta8.1/8.2(+) clones that were F3 reactive but were Th2 or clones that were not reactive to F3 but were Th1 did not confer protection. These data indicate that a distinct subset of Vbeta8.1/8.2(+) T cells is crucial for the generation of a protective response to rHsp60.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Chaperonin 60/administration & dosage
- Chaperonin 60/genetics
- Chaperonin 60/immunology
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Clone Cells/metabolism
- Clone Cells/microbiology
- Clone Cells/transplantation
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Fungal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Fungal Vaccines/immunology
- Histoplasma/genetics
- Histoplasma/immunology
- Histoplasmosis/immunology
- Histoplasmosis/microbiology
- Histoplasmosis/prevention & control
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/analysis
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/biosynthesis
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Scheckelhoff
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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10
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Kumar V, Maglione J, Thatte J, Pederson B, Sercarz E, Ward ES. Induction of a type 1 regulatory CD4 T cell response following Vβ8.2 DNA vaccination results in immune deviation and protection from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunol 2001; 13:835-41. [PMID: 11369712 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.6.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination has been used to generate effective cellular as well as humoral immunity against target antigens. Here we have investigated the induction and involvement of regulatory T cell (T(reg)) responses in mediating prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), following vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding the TCR V(beta)8.2 chain predominantly displayed on disease-causing lymphocytes. Vaccination with DNA encoding the wild-type TCR results in priming of type 1 CD4 T(reg) and skewing of the global response to myelin basic protein in a T(h)2 direction, leading to significant protection from disease. In contrast, vaccination with mutant DNA encoding altered residues critically involved in recognition by the T(reg) results in priming of a type 2 regulatory response which fails to mediate immune deviation or protection from EAE. Control mice immunized with DNA, encoding TCR with changes at an irrelevant site, were protected from antigen-induced disease. Furthermore, protection can be transferred into naive recipients with CD4 T(reg) from wild-type DNA-immunized mice but not from animals vaccinated with the mutant DNA. These data suggest that vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding one or multiple V(beta) genes can be exploited to enhance natural regulatory responses for intervention in autoimmune conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation/immunology
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Myelin Basic Protein/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Trobonjaca Z, Leithäuser F, Möller P, Bluethmann H, Koezuka Y, MacDonald HR, Reimann J. MHC-II-independent CD4+ T cells induce colitis in immunodeficient RAG-/- hosts. J Immunol 2001; 166:3804-12. [PMID: 11238623 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.6.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) alpha beta T cells from either normal C57BL/6 (B6) or MHC-II-deficient (A alpha(-/-) or A beta(-/-)) B6 donor mice engrafted into congenic immunodeficient RAG1(-/-) B6 hosts induced an aggressive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, CD4(+) T cells from CD1d(-/-) knockout (KO) B6 donor mice but not those from MHC-I(-/-) (homozygous transgenic mice deficient for beta(2)-microglobulin) KO B6 mice induced a colitis in RAG(-/-) hosts. Abundant numbers of in vivo activated (CD69(high)CD44(high)CD28(high)) NK1(+) and NK1(-) CD4(+) T cells were isolated from the inflamed colonic lamina propria (cLP) of transplanted mice with IBD that produced large amounts of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma but low amounts of IL-4 and IL-10. IBD-associated cLP Th1 CD4(+) T cell populations were polyclonal and MHC-II-restricted when derived from normal B6 donor mice, but oligoclonal and apparently MHC-I-restricted when derived from MHC-II-deficient (A alpha(-/-) or A beta(-/-)) B6 donor mice. cLP CD4(+) T cell populations from homozygous transgenic mice deficient for beta(2)-microglobulin KO B6 donor mice engrafted into RAG(-/-) hosts were Th2 and MHC-II restricted. These data indicate that MHC-II-dependent as well as MHC-II-independent CD4(+) T cells can induce a severe and lethal IBD in congenic, immunodeficient hosts, but that the former need the latter to express its IBD-inducing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Trobonjaca
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Hong J, Zang YC, Tejada-Simon MV, Li S, Rivera VM, Killian J, Zhang JZ. Reactivity and regulatory properties of human anti-idiotypic antibodies induced by T cell vaccination. J Immunol 2000; 165:6858-64. [PMID: 11120809 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.12.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with irradiated autoreactive T cells (T cell vaccination) induces anti-idiotypic T cell responses that preferentially recognize complementarity-determining region 3 sequences, contributing to clonal depletion of autoreactive T cells. However, it remains unknown whether T cell vaccination elicits anti-idiotypic humoral responses and whether the anti-idiotypic Abs play a similar role in the regulatory mechanism induced by T cell vaccination. In this study we examined the occurrence, the reactivity pattern, and the regulatory role of anti-idiotypic Abs elicited by T cell vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis. We demonstrated for the first time that B cells producing anti-idiotypic Abs could be isolated from vaccinated patients. These EBV-transformed B cell lines were selected for specific reactivity to a 20-mer TCR peptide incorporating a common complementarity-determining region 3 sequence of the immunizing T cell clones. The resulting anti-idiotypic Abs were found to react with the original immunizing T cell clones and exhibit an inhibitory effect on their proliferation. The findings suggest that anti-idiotypic Ab responses can be induced by T cell vaccination in humans and that their regulatory properties are likely to contribute to the suppression of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells in vaccinated patients. The study has important implications in our understanding of the regulatory role of the anti-idiotypic humoral responses induced by T cell vaccination.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/metabolism
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/physiology
- Antibody Formation
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Clone Cells/chemistry
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Clone Cells/transplantation
- Humans
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/therapy
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Vaccination/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hong
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, and Baylor-Methodist Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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