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MacDonald L, Alivernini S, Tolusso B, Elmesmari A, Somma D, Perniola S, Paglionico A, Petricca L, Bosello SL, Carfì A, Sali M, Stigliano E, Cingolani A, Murri R, Arena V, Fantoni M, Antonelli M, Landi F, Franceschi F, Sanguinetti M, McInnes IB, McSharry C, Gasbarrini A, Otto TD, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Gremese E. COVID-19 and RA share an SPP1 myeloid pathway that drives PD-L1+ neutrophils and CD14+ monocytes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147413. [PMID: 34143756 PMCID: PMC8328085 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the potential link between chronic inflammatory arthritis and COVID-19 pathogenic and resolving macrophage pathways and their role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. We found that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophage clusters FCN1+ and FCN1+SPP1+ predominant in severe COVID-19 were transcriptionally related to synovial tissue macrophage (STM) clusters CD48hiS100A12+ and CD48+SPP1+ that drive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovitis. BALF macrophage cluster FABP4+ predominant in healthy lung was transcriptionally related to STM cluster TREM2+ that governs resolution of synovitis in RA remission. Plasma concentrations of SPP1 and S100A12 (key products of macrophage clusters shared with active RA) were high in severe COVID-19 and predicted the need for Intensive Care Unit transfer, and they remained high in the post-COVID-19 stage. High plasma levels of SPP1 were unique to severe COVID-19 when compared with other causes of severe pneumonia, and IHC localized SPP1+ macrophages in the alveoli of COVID-19 lung. Investigation into SPP1 mechanisms of action revealed that it drives proinflammatory activation of CD14+ monocytes and development of PD-L1+ neutrophils, both hallmarks of severe COVID-19. In summary, COVID-19 pneumonitis appears driven by similar pathogenic myeloid cell pathways as those in RA, and their mediators such as SPP1 might be an upstream activator of the aberrant innate response in severe COVID-19 and predictive of disease trajectory including post-COVID-19 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy MacDonald
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Aziza Elmesmari
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Somma
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Perniola
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Paglionico
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Petricca
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia L. Bosello
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Carfì
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and
| | - Michela Sali
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie – Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Area of Pathology, and U.O.S.D. Coordinamento attività di Settorato, and
| | - Antonella Cingolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sez. Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Murri
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sez. Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Area of Pathology, and U.O.S.D. Coordinamento attività di Settorato, and
| | - Massimo Fantoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sez. Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Emergency Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Franceschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie – Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Iain B. McInnes
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charles McSharry
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas D. Otto
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Realegeno S, Kelly-Scumpia KM, Dang AT, Lu J, Teles R, Liu PT, Schenk M, Lee EY, Schmidt NW, Wong GCL, Sarno EN, Rea TH, Ochoa MT, Pellegrini M, Modlin RL. S100A12 Is Part of the Antimicrobial Network against Mycobacterium leprae in Human Macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005705. [PMID: 27355424 PMCID: PMC4927120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering antimicrobial mechanisms in macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens, such as mycobacteria, is critical to host defense against the infection. To uncover the unique and shared antimicrobial networks induced by the innate and adaptive immune systems, gene expression profiles generated by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) activated with TLR2/1 ligand (TLR2/1L) or IFN-γ were analyzed. Weighed gene correlation network analysis identified modules of genes strongly correlated with TLR2/1L or IFN-γ that were linked by the “defense response” gene ontology term. The common TLR2/1L and IFN-γ inducible human macrophage host defense network contained 16 antimicrobial response genes, including S100A12, which was one of the most highly induced genes by TLR2/1L. There is limited information on the role of S100A12 in infectious disease, leading us to test the hypothesis that S100A12 contributes to host defense against mycobacterial infection in humans. We show that S100A12 is sufficient to directly kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. We also demonstrate that S100A12 is required for TLR2/1L and IFN-γ induced antimicrobial activity against M. leprae in infected macrophages. At the site of disease in leprosy, we found that S100A12 was more strongly expressed in skin lesions from tuberculoid leprosy (T-lep), the self-limiting form of the disease, compared to lepromatous leprosy (L-lep), the progressive form of the disease. These data suggest that S100A12 is part of an innate and adaptive inducible antimicrobial network that contributes to host defense against mycobacteria in infected macrophages. Macrophage antimicrobial activity induced by innate and adaptive immune stimuli is crucial for controlling infection against intracellular pathogens. In order to characterize host defense pathways, we activated human macrophages with innate and adaptive immune stimuli known to induce antimicrobial activity against mycobacteria, identifying a set of 16 antimicrobial response genes. One of these, S100A12, is present in humans, but not mice, has limited studies in infectious disease. By studying leprosy as a model, we found that expression of S100A12 was greater in skin lesions from patients with the self-limiting versus the progressive form of the disease. Furthermore, we show that S100A12 is sufficient to kill mycobacteria and is required for decreasing the relative viability of M. leprae in infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Realegeno
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kindra M. Kelly-Scumpia
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Angeline Tilly Dang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rosane Teles
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Philip T. Liu
- UCLA/Orthopedic Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mirjam Schenk
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ernest Y. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Euzenir N. Sarno
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas H. Rea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maria T. Ochoa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Modlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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