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El Harake MD, Kharroubi S, Hamadeh SK, Jomaa L. Impact of a Pilot School-Based Nutrition Intervention on Dietary Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior and Nutritional Status of Syrian Refugee Children in the Bekaa, Lebanon. Nutrients 2018; 10:E913. [PMID: 30018221 PMCID: PMC6073287 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of a 6-month school nutrition intervention on changes in dietary knowledge, attitude, behavior (KAB) and nutritional status of Syrian refugee children. A quasi-experimental design was followed; Syrian refuge children in grades 4 to 6 were recruited from three informal primary schools (two intervention and one control) located in the rural Bekaa region of Lebanon. The intervention consisted of two main components: classroom-based education sessions and provision of locally-prepared healthy snacks. Data on household socio-demographic characteristics, KAB, anthropometric measures and dietary intake of children were collected by trained field workers at baseline and post-intervention. Of the 296 school children enrolled, 203 (68.6%) completed post-intervention measures. Significant increases in dietary knowledge (β = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.89), attitude (β = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.30), and body mass index-for-age-z-scores (β = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.41) were observed among intervention vs. control groups, adjusting for covariates (p < 0.05). Compared to the control, the intervention group had, on average, significantly larger increases in daily intakes of total energy, dietary fiber, protein, saturated fat, and several key micronutrients, p < 0.05. Findings suggest a positive impact of this school-based nutrition intervention on dietary knowledge, attitude, and nutritional status of Syrian refugee children. Further studies are needed to test the feasibility and long-term impact of scaling-up such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Diab El Harake
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.
| | - Samer Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.
| | - Shadi K Hamadeh
- Environment and Sustainable Development Unit, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.
| | - Lamis Jomaa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072020, Lebanon.
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Park MK, Freisling H, Huseinovic E, Winkvist A, Huybrechts I, Crispim SP, de Vries JHM, Geelen A, Niekerk M, van Rossum C, Slimani N. Comparison of meal patterns across five European countries using standardized 24-h recall (GloboDiet) data from the EFCOVAL project. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:1045-1057. [PMID: 28275868 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine meal patterns in terms of frequency and circadian timing of eating in five European countries participating in the EFCOVAL project. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 559 men and women, aged 44-65 years, were recruited in Belgium, the Czech Republic, France (Southern part), The Netherlands, and Norway. Dietary data were collected by trained interviewers using standardized computerised 24-h recalls (GloboDiet). Means ± SE of (1) eating frequency, (2) overnight fasting, and (3) time between eating occasions were estimated by country using means from 2 days of 24-h recalls. We also estimated the frequency of eating occasions per hour by country as well as the proportional energy intake of meals/snacks by country compared to the mean energy intake of all countries. RESULTS Mean eating frequency ranged from 4.3 times/day in France to 7.1 times/day in The Netherlands (p < 0.05). Mean overnight fasting was shortest in the Netherlands (9.2 h) and longest in Czech Republic (10.9 h) (p < 0.05). Mean time between single eating occasions was shortest in The Netherlands (2.4 h) and longest in France (4.3 h) (p < 0.05). Different patterns of energy intake by meals and snacks throughout the day were observed across the five countries. CONCLUSIONS We observed distinct differences in meal patterns across the five European countries included in the current study in terms of frequency and circadian timing of eating, and the proportion of energy intake from eating occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Park
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Ena Huseinovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nutritional Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Patricia Crispim
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Parana, Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba, Paraná, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Jeanne H M de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Geelen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maryse Niekerk
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline van Rossum
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France.
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Hamner HC, Perrine CG, Gupta PM, Herrick KA, Cogswell ME. Food Consumption Patterns among U.S. Children from Birth to 23 Months of Age, 2009-2014. Nutrients 2017; 9:E942. [PMID: 28846605 PMCID: PMC5622702 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Early dietary patterns can have long-term health consequences. This study describes food consumption patterns among US children ≤23 months. We used one 24 h dietary recall from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014 to estimate the percentage of children ≤23 months who consumed selected food/beverage categories on any given day by age and race/Hispanic origin. Among 0 to 5 month olds, 42.9% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 37.0%, 49.1%) consumed breast milk, with non-Hispanic blacks less likely (21.2%, 95% CI: 13.2%, 32.2%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (49.0%, 95% CI: 39.0%, 59.1%) (p < 0.001). The percentage of children consuming vegetables was 57.4%, 48.2%, and 45.1% for ages 6 to 11, 12 to 18 and 19 to 23 months, respectively (p < 0.01 for trend). The percentage of children consuming sugar-sweetened beverages was 6.6%, 31.8% and 38.3% for ages 6 to 11, 12 to 18 and 19 to 23 months, respectively (p < 0.01 for trend). Among children aged ≥6 months, lower percentages of non-Hispanic black and Hispanic children consumed vegetables, and higher percentages consumed sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% juice compared with non-Hispanic white children, although differences were not always statistically significant. Compared with children in the second year of life, a higher percentage of children 6 to 11 months of age consumed vegetables and a lower percentage consumed 100% juice, sugar-sweetened beverages, snacks, or sweets; with differences by race/Hispanic origin. These data may be relevant to the upcoming 2020-2025 federal dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Hamner
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Cria G Perrine
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Priya M Gupta
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA.
| | - Mary E Cogswell
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Ferriday D, Bosworth ML, Godinot N, Martin N, Forde CG, Van Den Heuvel E, Appleton SL, Mercer Moss FJ, Rogers PJ, Brunstrom JM. Variation in the Oral Processing of Everyday Meals Is Associated with Fullness and Meal Size; A Potential Nudge to Reduce Energy Intake? Nutrients 2016; 8:E315. [PMID: 27213451 PMCID: PMC4882727 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that experimental manipulations of oral processing can have a marked effect on energy intake. Here, we explored whether variations in oral processing across a range of unmodified everyday meals could affect post-meal fullness and meal size. In Study 1, female participants (N = 12) attended the laboratory over 20 lunchtime sessions to consume a 400-kcal portion of a different commercially available pre-packaged meal. Prior to consumption, expected satiation was assessed. During each meal, oral processing was characterised using: (i) video-recordings of the mouth and (ii) real-time measures of plate weight. Hunger and fullness ratings were elicited pre- and post-consumption, and for a further three hours. Foods that were eaten slowly had higher expected satiation and delivered more satiation and satiety. Building on these findings, in Study 2 we selected two meals (identical energy density) from Study 1 that were equally liked but maximised differences in oral processing. On separate days, male and female participants (N = 24) consumed a 400-kcal portion of either the "fast" or "slow" meal followed by an ad libitum meal (either the same food or a dessert). When continuing with the same food, participants consumed less of the slow meal. Further, differences in food intake during the ad libitum meal were not compensated at a subsequent snacking opportunity an hour later. Together, these findings suggest that variations in oral processing across a range of unmodified everyday meals can affect fullness after consuming a fixed portion and can also impact meal size. Modifying food form to encourage increased oral processing (albeit to a lesser extent than in experimental manipulations) might represent a viable target for food manufacturers to help to nudge consumers to manage their weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ferriday
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
| | - Matthew L Bosworth
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
| | - Nicolas Godinot
- Behavior and Perception group, Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Martin
- Behavior and Perception group, Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland.
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Behavior and Perception group, Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland.
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Emmy Van Den Heuvel
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
| | - Sarah L Appleton
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
| | - Felix J Mercer Moss
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
| | - Peter J Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
| | - Jeffrey M Brunstrom
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
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Vitta BS, Benjamin M, Pries AM, Champeny M, Zehner E, Huffman SL. Infant and young child feeding practices among children under 2 years of age and maternal exposure to infant and young child feeding messages and promotions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Matern Child Nutr 2016; 12 Suppl 2:77-90. [PMID: 27061958 PMCID: PMC5071773 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data describing infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) in urban Tanzania. This study assessed the types of foods consumed by children under 2 years of age and maternal exposure to promotions of these foods in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 305 mothers of children less than 24 months of age who attended child health services in October and November, 2014. Among infants less than 6 months of age, rates of exclusive breastfeeding were low (40.8%) and a high proportion (38.2%) received semi-solid foods. Continued breastfeeding among 20-23-month-olds was only 33.3%. Consumption of breastmilk substitutes was not prevalent, and only 3.9% of infants less than 6 months of age and 4.8% of 6-23 month-olds were fed formula. Among 6-23-month-olds, only 38.4% consumed a minimum acceptable diet (using a modified definition). The homemade complementary foods consumed by the majority of 6-23-month-olds (85.2%) were cereal-dominated and infrequently contained micronutrient-rich ingredients. Only 3.1% of 6-23-month-olds consumed commercially produced infant cereal on the day preceding the interview. In contrast, commercially produced snack foods were consumed by 23.1% of 6-23-month-olds. Maternal exposure to commercial promotions of breastmilk substitutes and commercially produced complementary foods was low (10.5% and 1.0%, respectively), while exposure to promotions of commercially produced snack foods was high (45.9%). Strategies are needed to improve IYCF practices, particularly with regard to exclusive and continued breastfeeding, increased dietary diversity and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods, and avoidance of feeding commercially produced snack foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alissa M. Pries
- Helen Keller InternationalAsia Pacific Regional OfficePhnom PenhCambodia
| | - Mary Champeny
- Helen Keller International1120 20th St, NW Suite 500 NWashington, DC20036USA
| | - Elizabeth Zehner
- Helen Keller International1120 20th St, NW Suite 500 NWashington, DC20036USA
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De Craemer M, Lateva M, Iotova V, De Decker E, Verloigne M, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Androutsos O, Socha P, Kulaga Z, Moreno L, Koletzko B, Manios Y, Cardon G. Differences in energy balance-related behaviours in European preschool children: the ToyBox-study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118303. [PMID: 25785738 PMCID: PMC4364763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to compare levels of energy balance-related behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and dietary behaviours (more specifically water consumption, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and unhealthy snacking)) in four- to six-year-old preschoolers from six European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland, and Spain) within the ToyBox cross-sectional study. METHODS A sample of 4,045 preschoolers (4.77 ± 0.43 years; 52.2% boys) had valid physical activity data (steps per day), parents of 8,117 preschoolers (4.78 ± 0.46 years; 53.0% boys) completed a parental questionnaire with questions on sedentary behaviours (television viewing, computer use, and quiet play), and parents of 7,244 preschoolers (4.77 ± 0.44 years; 52.0% boys) completed a food frequency questionnaire with questions on water consumption, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and unhealthy snacking. RESULTS The highest levels of physical activity were found in Spain (12,669 steps/day on weekdays), while the lowest levels were found in Bulgaria and Greece (9,777 and 9,656 steps/day on weekdays, respectively). German preschoolers spent the least amount of time in television viewing (43.3 min/day on weekdays), while Greek preschoolers spent the most time in television viewing (88.5 min/day on weekdays). A considerable amount of time was spent in quiet play in all countries, with the highest levels in Poland (104.9 min/day on weekdays), and the lowest levels in Spain (60.4 min/day on weekdays). Belgian, German, and Polish preschoolers had the lowest intakes of water and the highest intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages. The intake of snacks was the highest in Belgian preschoolers (73.1 g/day) and the lowest in Greek preschoolers (53.3 g/day). CONCLUSIONS Across six European countries, differences in preschoolers' energy balance-related behaviours were found. Future interventions should target European preschoolers' energy balance-related behaviours simultaneously, but should apply country-specific adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maïté Verloigne
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Piotr Socha
- Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Zenk SN, Horoi I, McDonald A, Corte C, Riley B, Odoms-Young AM. Ecological momentary assessment of environmental and personal factors and snack food intake in African American women. Appetite 2014; 83:333-341. [PMID: 25239402 PMCID: PMC4376474 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined contributions of environmental and personal factors (specifically, food availability and expense, daily hassles, self-efficacy, positive and negative affect) to within-person and between-person variations in snack food intake in 100 African American women. Participants were signaled at random five times daily for seven days to complete a survey on a study-provided smartphone. Women reported consuming snack foods at 35.2% of signals. Easier food availability accounting for one's usual level was associated with higher snack food intake. Being near outlets that predominately sell snacks (e.g., convenience stores), while accounting for one's usual proximity to them, was associated with higher snack food intake. Accounting for one's usual daily hassle level, we found that on days with more frequent daily hassles snack food intake was higher. The positive association between within-person daily hassles frequency and snack food intake was stronger when foods were easily available. Public and private policies to curb ubiquitous food availability and mobile health interventions that take into account time-varying influences on food choices and provide real-time assistance in dealing with easy food availability and coping with stressors may be beneficial in improving African American women's day to day food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Zenk
- Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
| | - Irina Horoi
- Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Ashley McDonald
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Colleen Corte
- Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Barth Riley
- Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
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Blake CE, Fisher JO, Ganter C, Younginer N, Orloski A, Blaine RE, Bruton Y, Davison KK. A qualitative study of parents' perceptions and use of portion size strategies for preschool children's snacks. Appetite 2014; 88:17-23. [PMID: 25447008 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increases in childhood obesity correspond with shifts in children's snacking behaviors and food portion sizes. This study examined parents' conceptualizations of portion size and the strategies they use to portion snacks in the context of preschool-aged children's snacking. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with non-Hispanic white (W), African American (AA), and Hispanic (H) low-income parents (n = 60) of preschool-aged children living in Philadelphia and Boston. The interview examined parents' child snacking definitions, purposes, contexts, and frequency. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Coding matrices compared responses by race/ethnicity, parent education, and household food security status. RESULTS Parents' commonly referenced portion sizes when describing children's snacks with phrases like "something small." Snack portion sizes were guided by considerations including healthfulness, location, hunger, and timing. Six strategies for portioning snacks were presented including use of small containers, subdividing large portions, buying prepackaged snacks, use of hand measurement, measuring cups, scales, and letting children determine portion size. Differences in considerations and strategies were seen between race/ethnic groups and by household food security status. CONCLUSIONS Low-income parents of preschool-aged children described a diverse set of considerations and strategies related to portion sizes of snack foods offered to their children. Future studies should examine how these considerations and strategies influence child dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.
| | - Jennifer Orlet Fisher
- Department of Public Health, Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, 3223 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Claudia Ganter
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nicholas Younginer
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Alexandria Orloski
- Department of Public Health, Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, 3223 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Rachel E Blaine
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yasmeen Bruton
- Department of Public Health, Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, 3223 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Kirsten K Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Grenard JL, Stacy AW, Shiffman S, Baraldi AN, MacKinnon DP, Lockhart G, Kisbu-Sakarya Y, Boyle S, Beleva Y, Koprowski C, Ames SL, Reynolds KD. Sweetened drink and snacking cues in adolescents: a study using ecological momentary assessment. Appetite 2013; 67:61-73. [PMID: 23583312 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify physical, social, and intrapersonal cues that were associated with the consumption of sweetened beverages and sweet and salty snacks among adolescents from lower SES neighborhoods. Students were recruited from high schools with a minimum level of 25% free or reduced cost lunches. Using ecological momentary assessment, participants (N=158) were trained to answer brief questionnaires on handheld PDA devices: (a) each time they ate or drank, (b) when prompted randomly, and (c) once each evening. Data were collected over 7days for each participant. Participants reported their location (e.g., school grounds, home), mood, social environment, activities (e.g., watching TV, texting), cravings, food cues (e.g., saw a snack), and food choices. Results showed that having unhealthy snacks or sweet drinks among adolescents was associated with being at school, being with friends, feeling lonely or bored, craving a drink or snack, and being exposed to food cues. Surprisingly, sweet drink consumption was associated with exercising. Watching TV was associated with consuming sweet snacks but not with salty snacks or sweet drinks. These findings identify important environmental and intrapersonal cues to poor snacking choices that may be applied to interventions designed to disrupt these food-related, cue-behavior linked habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry L Grenard
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, 675 West Foothill Blvd. Suite 310, Claremont, CA 91711-3475, USA.
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Sekiyama M, Roosita K, Ohtsuka R. Snack foods consumption contributes to poor nutrition of rural children in West Java, Indonesia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2012; 21:558-567. [PMID: 23017314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary habits of children, including snack foods consumption, in developing countries have seldom been investigated in relation to their nutrition and health. To assess the effects of snack foods consumption of 154 children aged 1-12 years in a rural village of West Java, Indonesia, a 3-hour-interval food recall survey for all meals and snack foods consumed in seven consecutive days for each subject, anthropometry, and interviews for sociodemographic indicators were conducted. Their overall prevalence of stunting and underweight was 69.5% and 35.7%. There were 221 foods consumed by the subjects, among which 68 foods were categorized as snack foods. Though the children of both <7 year and ≥7 year age groups consumed snack foods similarly throughout the day, the latter group only consumed larger amounts of energy from snack foods at school recess-times. The mean percent contribution of snack foods was 59.6% for fat, 40.0% for energy, 20.6% for calcium, and <10% for vitamins A and C. Half number of the subjects who snacked more than the median amount consumed less carbohydrate and vitamin C than the remaining half. Furthermore, the more snack-consuming group the lower z score for height-for-age (HAZ) among schoolchildren. To improve this nutritionally vulnerable situation, consumption of snack foods should be replaced by the non-snack foods which contain much higher nutrient density; i.e. 15 times for calcium and 32 times for vitamin A. Moreover, considering high snack foods consumption of ≥7 y age group at school, appropriate school nutrition programs should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Sekiyama
- Graduate Program in Sustainability Science (GPSS), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, 277-8563, Japan.
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