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Oliver CL, Brown J, Watkins M, McCafferty I, Oliver RJ. The Addition of Lipid-Based Contrast Medium does not Inactivate the Detergent Sclerosant Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate in-vitro. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 44:1103-1108. [PMID: 33709269 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-02797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if the detergent sclerosant sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) is deactivated by the lipid-based contrast agent ethiodised oil. METHOD 3% STS was mixed with ethiodised oil and room air in a 2:1:4 ratio in two luer lock syringes and a three way connector and agitated to make foam (the Tessari technique) to replicate the clinical use of the products. The assay of STS in the mixture was assessed using the British Pharmacopoeia method. Briefly this is a manual titration method where the solution of STS is mixed with an indicator solution and titrated with hyamine solution of known concentration; the concentration of the STS can then be calculated with the titration results. To further mimic the clinical environment with the presence of blood, the effect of adding increasing amounts of albumin to the STS-ethiodised oil mixture was assessed. RESULTS The assay of STS in the solution after mixing with ethiodised oil was 3% indicating that the ethiodised oil did not deactivate the STS. The addition of albumin to the STS-contrast mixture resulted in near linear neutralisation of the STS with increasing concentrations in the same quantities as with STS alone. CONCLUSIONS The mixture of the lipid-based contrast agent ethiodised oil with the detergent sclerosant STS did not affect the availability of the sclerosant. The continued use of STS-ethiodised oil in the management of vascular malformations can be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Oliver
- Limbco Ltd, Plough Lane, Hereford, HR4 0EL, UK
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Judy Brown
- Limbco Ltd, Plough Lane, Hereford, HR4 0EL, UK
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Fatimi A, Chabrot P, Berrahmoune S, Coutu JM, Soulez G, Lerouge S. A new injectable radiopaque chitosan-based sclerosing embolizing hydrogel for endovascular therapies. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2712-21. [PMID: 22487932 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with a stent graft is limited by the persistence or recurrence of endoleaks. These are believed to be related to the recanalization of the aneurismal sac by endothelialized neochannels, which could lead to late type I and II endoleaks. Embolization has been proposed to treat or prevent endoleaks, but presently commercialized embolizing materials have several drawbacks and do not fully prevent endoleak recurrence. A novel chitosan hydrogel that is injectable, radiopaque and contains sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), a well-known sclerosing agent, was developed in order to combine blood flow occlusion and endothelium ablation properties. chitosan/STS hydrogels were characterized and optimized using rheometry, scanning electron microscopy, swelling and ex vivo embolization assay. They were shown to exhibit rapid gelation and good mechanical properties, as well as sclerosing properties. Their potential for the embolization of aneurysms was subjected to preliminary in vivo evaluation in a bilateral iliac aneurysm model (three dogs) reproducing persistent endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). At 3 months no endoleak was detected in any of the three aneurysms treated with chitosan/STS hydrogels. In contrast, type I endoleaks were detected in two of the three aneurysms treated with chitosan hydrogels. Generally, chitosan/STS hydrogels have great potential as embolizing and sclerosing agents for EVAR and possibly other endovascular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fatimi
- École de technologie supérieure, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Sukovatykh BS, Belikov LN, Zaĭtsev VI, Sukovatykh MB. [Sclerotherapy of sapheno-femoral reflux of blood in patients with initial stages of varicose disease of the lower extremity veins]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 2008; 167:22-26. [PMID: 18411662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The results of ultrasonic investigation and the following phlebosclerosing treatment of an incompetent saphenofemoral anastomosis were analyzed in two groups of patients with initial stages of varicose disease of the lower extremity veins. The first group included 48 patients treated by injection-sclerosing therapy by the technology of "empty vein". The second group consisted of 82 patients treated by catheter sclerotherapy of the sapheno-femoral anastomosis. In the first group the treatment was effective in 73.1%, in the second group - in 91.5%. The terminal hemodynamic criteria of performing the injectional and catheter sclerotherapy were determined in elimination of high sapheno-femoral reflux of blood.
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Abstract
Glomangiomas are characterized by cavernous vascular channels surrounded by glomus cells. Multiple glomangiomas, although usually painless, can be a few centimetres in size and appear as blue phlebectatic lesions. Surgical excision of multiple glomangiomas can lead to scarring and recurrences. Laser treatment using vascular lasers and CO2 lasers has been useful in small, superficial lesions. We present the successful sclerotherapy treatment of multiple glomangiomas using sodium tetradecyl sulphate in a 59-year-old man who presented with postoperative recurrence of multiple lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurosh Parsi
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Australia
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Hodgkinson JL, Steffen W. The effect of sodium tetradecyl sulfate on mobility and antigen detectability of microtubule proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1997; 18:1955-9. [PMID: 9420152 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150181113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several factors been reported to influence the mobility of polypeptide in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) including the brand of SDS. Using microtubule proteins from axonemes of Lytechinus pictus and Spisula solidissima sperm and meiotic spindles of Spisula solidissima we demonstrate that the change in mobility was caused by sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), a major contaminant of many commercial SDS brands. We also examined the use of sodium tetradecyl sulfate and different SDS brands as a tool in extracting more information from immunoblot studies. Commercial SDS containing contaminants other than sodium tetradecyl sulfate reduced or eliminated the immunosignal from certain polypeptides and the loss of antigenicity could not even be recovered by immunoblot under "renaturing" conditions. It can thus be concluded that STS can be useful in separating and identifying comigrating polypeptides and in detecting additional immunobands in immunoblots.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Hodgkinson
- University of Minnesota, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical ablation of the gallbladder might avoid the need for surgery in elderly, unfit patients. This study examined the efficacy of various chemicals in destroying gallbladder mucosa. METHODS Ninety-five per cent ethanol, 3 per cent sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STD), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) 2 mol/l, tetracycline 50 mg/ml, 30 and 50 per cent phenol, and a mucosal exfoliant solution (compound ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid) were tested for gallbladder ablation in rabbits. Histology was obtained 8 weeks after exposure to these chemicals. RESULTS Thirty per cent phenol, tetracycline, TFA and ethanol when used as single agents were moderately effective in causing complete gallbladder mucosal obliteration, 50 per cent phenol caused a macroscopic burn of the entire gallbladder. The mucosal exfoliant solution and STD on their own did not cause mucosal destruction but had significantly enhanced efficacy when combined with 95 per cent ethanol, allowing reliable mucosal destruction with a 5-min contact duration. CONCLUSION Ninety-five per cent ethanol and STD after pretreatment with a mucosal exfoliant solution may be the combination of choice for in situ gallbladder mucosal ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Majeed
- Department of Surgical and Anaesthetic Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Detergent sclerosing agents may have intrinsic antimicrobial properties. In addition, they may have synergistic effects with other antibiotics such as penicillin. They may induce suppression of intrinsic resistance to penicillin in Staphylococcus aureus. OBJECTIVE It is in this setting that the present study was carried out in order to determine the degree of suppression of resistance to methicillin and oxacillin in S. aureus by two detergent sclerosing solutions. METHODS Four strains of S. aureus including a quality control strain were isolated. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Sotradecol 1.0% and Polidocanol 0.5% were determined in Mueller Hinton Broth. These dilutions were subsequently seeded with 10(5) organisms of the strain of S. aureus being tested. Serial dilutions of penicillin were made and then the sclerosing agents were added in the appropriate dilutions. RESULTS Sotradecol 1.0% produced a MIC of 1/64 in two strains of S. aureus and 1/128 in two other variant strains. Polidocanol 0.5% produced a MIC of 1/64 against two strains of S. aureus and an MIC of 1/8 and 1/4 with two other variant strains. In addition, in three of the four S. aureus strains both sclerosing agents had synergistic activity with penicillin and augmented its activity approximately 16-fold. CONCLUSION This study presents the first successful modification in which detergent sclerosing solutions influence methicillin resistance in a Staphylococcal species. This points out a new potential therapeutic indication for this class of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Sadick
- Department of Dermatology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies detailing the clinical and histologic effects of sclerosing solutions in rabbit ear and other animal vein models have provided information comparing the effects of various concentrations of hypertonic saline with and without dextrose (Sclerodex), polidocanol, scleremo (chromated glycerin), and sodium tetradecyl sulfate. OBJECTIVE To observe short-term histologic changes of sclerosing solutions in vitro in large diameter human vein. METHODS Human saphenous vein segments were obtained following cardiac bypass procedures. Several types of sclerosing solutions, including 23.4% hypertonic saline, 1% polidocanol, and 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate, were allowed continuous contact with the vessel wall for 10 minutes. Test vein segments were immediately fixed and observed for histologic changes compared with normal saline controls. RESULTS Endothelium was rapidly destroyed by all tested sclerosing solutions. Vessel wall necrosis occurred quickly with the extent determined by the sclerosing solution. Destructive potential of 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate greatly exceeded that of 23.4% hypertonic saline or 1% polidocanol, in agreement with previous animal studies. CONCLUSION Direct toxic effects of sclerosing agents may be compared in a constant, reproducible environment with this in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Rotter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Suzuki N, Nakao A, Nonami T, Takagi H. Experimental study on the effects of sclerosants for esophageal varices on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and systemic hemodynamics. Gastroenterol Jpn 1992; 27:309-16. [PMID: 1624075 DOI: 10.1007/bf02777748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of five sclerosants used for treating esophageal varices on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, systemic hemodynamics, and vascular endothelial cells were studied in mongrel dogs. With each sclerosant, hemolysis and a decrease in the platelet count were observed. Changes in the blood coagulation system occurred immediately after sclerosant administration. Prolongation of the PT and APTT and decreases in fibrinogen and alpha 2-PI were seen in the thrombin (TH), sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), and ethanolamine oleate (EO) groups. Polidocanol (PO) and absolute ethanol (ET) had less pronounced effects on these systems. A transient decrease in the cardiac index (CI), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary artery resistance (PAR) was observed with the administration of the sclerosants, especially in the TH and STS groups. Excessive vascular endothelial damage was observed in the ET group, marked damage was seen in the EO and STS groups and slight damage was recorded in the PO and TH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Suzuki
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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Marchesi JR, Russell NJ, White GF, House WA. Effects of surfactant adsorption and biodegradability on the distribution of bacteria between sediments and water in a freshwater microcosm. Appl Environ Microbiol 1991; 57:2507-13. [PMID: 1768125 PMCID: PMC183611 DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.9.2507-2513.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A microcosm containing resuspended river sediment was used to investigate the effect of anionic surfactants on the distribution of bacteria between planktonic and attached populations. Freshwater river sediment containing viable bacteria was preequilibrated in the microcosm, which was subsequently supplemented with biodegradable or recalcitrant surfactants and a non-surface-active carbon and energy source. Population dynamics of both free-living and attached bacteria were measured by epifluorescence microscopy with simultaneous analysis of the residual solution concentration of the xenobiotic carbon source. The addition of the readily biodegradable anionic surfactants sodium decyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl sulfate in separate experiments caused an increase in the number of attached bacteria and a concomitant decrease in the number of free-living bacteria. As biodegradation of the surfactants progressed, these trends reversed and the bacterial populations had returned to their preaddition values by the time when biodegradation was completed. In contrast, sodium tetradecyl sulfate or sodium dodecane sulfonate did not stimulate bacterial association with sediment, nor were they biodegraded in the microcosm. Sodium pyruvate, a non-surface-active carbon and energy source, was readily utilized but caused no bacterial attachment to the sediment. These results indicate that for an anionic surfactant to induce bacterial attachment to river sediment, it must be biodegradable. The bacterial attachment to the sediment appears to be reversible and may be dependent on the accumulation of the surfactant at the surface or as a result of alteration of the surface free energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Marchesi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wales College of Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Ohashi M, Iwase H, Horiguchi H, Nakane M, Nagata J. [Sodium tetradecyl sulfate as a sclerosing solution in the therapy of esophageal varices]. Nihon Rinsho 1990; 48:722-6. [PMID: 2366359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Martin DE, Goldman MP. A comparison of sclerosing agents: clinical and histologic effects of intravascular sodium tetradecyl sulfate and chromated glycerin in the dorsal rabbit ear vein. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1990; 16:18-22. [PMID: 2299019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1990.tb00003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal marginal rabbit ear vein was injected with 0.25 ml of 0.1% or 0.25% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) (Sotradecol Injection) or undiluted or 50% Scleremo (Scl) (chromated glycerin). Only the 50% Scl solution failed to produce clinical or histologic thrombosis at 1 hour. Clinical fading was observed in STS-treated vessels at 10 days postinjection. Histologically, early thrombus formation with focal endothelial necrosis was replaced by fibrosis and microangiopathic recanalization. Although undiluted Scl caused similar, yet milder histologic findings, luminal recanalization after 10 days resulted in a clinically unfaded vessel. The use of 50% Scl produced no endothelial damage with no subsequent change in vessel appearance. Cutaneous necrosis or extravasation of erythrocytes was not observed.
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Goldman MP, Kaplan RP, Oki LN, Cavender PA, Strick RA, Bennett RG. Sclerosing agents in the treatment of telangiectasia. Comparison of the clinical and histologic effects of intravascular polidocanol, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and hypertonic saline in the dorsal rabbit ear vein model. Arch Dermatol 1987; 123:1196-201. [PMID: 3632004 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.123.9.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A 0.25-mL quantity of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% polidocanol (Aethoxysclerol [France]), 0.5% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (Sotradecol injection), and 23.4% hypertonic saline was injected into the dorsal marginal rabbit ear vein; clinical and histologic thrombosis resulted that lasted between four and eight days. The lowest concentration of polidocanol (0.25%) demonstrated immediate thrombosis; however, no clinical or histologic changes occurred eight days after injection. With all other agents, histologic fibrosis of the vessel correlating with clinical disappearance occurred after eight days. However, 0.5% polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulfate developed recanalization through the initially sclerosed vessel between eight and 14 days, with clinical reappearance of the 0.5% polidocanol-injected vessel at 30 days, after injection. Cutaneous necrosis was noted clinically and histologically in three of ten vessels injected with 1.0% polidocanol and in two of ten vessels injected with hypertonic saline. Clinical and histologic evidence of necrosis occurred with and without extravasation of the sclerosants.
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Stroncek DF, Hutton SW, Silvis SE, Vercellotti GM, Jacob HS, Hammerschmidt DE. Sodium morrhuate stimulates granulocytes and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells: probable mechanism of an adverse reaction during sclerotherapy. J Lab Clin Med 1985; 106:498-504. [PMID: 4056566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated by a patient with dyspnea, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia after sodium morrhuate sclerotherapy, we studied the effect of this agent on the plasma coagulation and complement systems, the formed elements of the blood, and cultured human endothelial cells. The addition of sodium morrhuate to citrated plasma did not cause clotting or shorten the prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time. Incubation of a 1:100 dilution of the clinical sodium morrhuate preparation in heparinized plasma led to a modest rise in [C3a]. The addition of the drug (dilutions 1:50 to 1:300) to granulocytes caused prompt aggregation (and, at the higher concentrations, granulocyte cytotoxicity [trypan blue exclusion; lactate dehydrogenase release]), but the same dilutions failed to aggregate platelets. However, 0.05% morrhuate added to washed red blood cells caused a prompt 84.0% (+/- 0.8% SEM) hemolysis, rendering the supernatant buffer a potent platelet aggregant. Not only was this sclerosing agent toxic to granulocytes and red cells, but a 1:1000 dilution of the drug also caused the destruction of 35.5% (+/- 6.6%) of cultured endothelial cells as measured by chromium 51 release. Three other agents in current use (ethanolamine oleate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and polidocanol) were studied and found to cause effects qualitatively similar to those of sodium morrhuate. We conclude that these drugs cause phlebosclerosis not primarily through induction of plasma coagulation, but by directly damaging endothelium and red cells, triggering platelets, and aggregating granulocytes at the venous wall endothelium. These effects likely derive from the surfactant properties of sodium morrhuate as well as its high arachidonate content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Hammond B, Fairman RP, Monroe P, Glauser FL, Sugarman H, Davis D. The pulmonary hypertension of sclerosing agents is prevented by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Am J Med Sci 1985; 290:98-101. [PMID: 3931473 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-198509000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium morrhuate and sodium tetradecylsulfate are injected during endoscopic sclerotherapy to control variceal bleeding. When administered to sheep they cause transient pulmonary hypertension and increase protein poor lung lymph flow. To determine the etiology of these alterations, we studied three groups of sheep after establishing acute lung lymph fistulas. In Group 1, indomethacin or ibuprofen was infused. In Group 2, 2.5 cc of sodium morrhuate was injected alone (2A) or after indomethacin or ibuprofen pretreatment (2B). In Group 3, 2.5 cc of sodium tetradecylsulfate was given intravenously either alone (3A) or after indomethacin or ibuprofen (3B). When sclerosing agents were given alone (Group 2A and 3A) pulmonary artery pressures increased three-fold at 30 seconds postinjection to 37 +/- 4.4 and 39 +/- 5.7 mmHg respectively with a slow return to baseline over two hours. Lymph flow increased significantly from 1.3 +/- 1.5 to 2.7 +/- 1.5 cc/30 minutes after sodium morrhuate and from 1.2 +/- .62 to 2.7 +/- 1.7 cc/30 mins at 30 minutes after sodium tetradecylsulfate and the lymph/plasma albumin ratio fell. Increased lymph flow persisted through 120 minutes. In those animals receiving a sclerosing agent after indomethacin or ibuprofen (2B and 3B) there was no change in pulmonary artery pressure, lymph flow, lymph plasma albumin ratio, or lung wet weight to dry weight ratios. We conclude that the pulmonary hypertension and increased protein poor lymph flow are mediated by prostaglandins.
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Zimmerman RE, Nevin RS, Allen DJ, Jones CD, Goettel ME, Burck PJ. Antifertility effects of tetradecyl sodium sulphate in rabbits. J Reprod Fertil 1983; 68:257-63. [PMID: 6345764 DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.0680257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acrosin and acrosomal hyaluronidase were inhibited by tetradecyl sodium sulphate (TDSS) in vitro at concentrations of less than 10(-4) M. TDSS prevented the removal in vitro of the cumulus oophorus by testicular hyaluronidase and the zona pellucida by acrosin. TDSS had a contraceptive effect in rabbits when administered intravaginally before coitus or released at levels of 1-3 micrograms/day from intrauterine silicone rubber devices.
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Abstract
1. Effects of the non-ionic detergent Tween 80 on hamster liver microsomal components and on various reactions, including biphenyl hydroxylation, have been studied. Tween 80 competitively inhibited both 2- and 4-hydroxylation of biphenyl, with Ki values of 4-9 and 4-1 mM. The apparent kinetic constants corrected for the inhibitory effect of 2-9 mM Tween 80 (the concn. routinely used) were for 2-hydroxylation: Km = 0-47 mM, Vmax = 2-2 nmol/min/mg; and for 4-hydroxylation: Km = 0-14 mM, Vmax = 3-5 nmol/min/mg. 2. The type I spectrally apparent interaction of biphenyl with liver microsomes (Ks = 0-23 mM; deltaEmax = 8-2 E/2 mg protein) was also competitively inhibited by Tween 80 (Ki = 1-1 mM), itself an apparently type I substrate. 3. Tween 80 (9-5 mM) activated aniline 4-hydroxylation. The type II spectrally obvious interaction between aniline and microsomes was not affected by Tween 80. 4. Tween 80 and biphenyl together enhanced NADPH-cytochrome c reduction whereas Tween 80 and aniline together had no effect. Tween 80 did not affect the stability of cytochrome P-450 in microsomal suspensions over a 5 min period. 5. Results are discussed in terms of differences between biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylation systems, between type I and II substrate-enzyme complexes, and in terms of the relevance of spectral interactions to aryl hydroxylations.
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PIERPONT RZ, BRANTIGAN OC. A report on the use of sotradecol, a new sclerosing agent. Bull Sch Med Univ Md 1948; 33:1-7. [PMID: 18877392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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