1
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Sperelakis-Beedham B, Ruaud L, Vial Y, Rachid M, Ageorges F, Goujon L, Verloes A, Tabet AC, Bourrat E, Lévy J. Expanding the phenotype of GTF2E2-associated trichothiodystrophy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e222-e226. [PMID: 37793898 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sperelakis-Beedham
- Genetics Department, APHP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
- Plateforme SeqOIA, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lyse Ruaud
- Genetics Department, APHP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Vial
- Genetics Department, APHP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Rachid
- Genetics Department, APHP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Department, Human Genetics and Cognitive Function Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Faustine Ageorges
- Genetics Department, APHP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Louise Goujon
- Genetics Department, APHP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Genetics Department, APHP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claude Tabet
- Genetics Department, APHP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
- Plateforme SeqOIA, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Department, Human Genetics and Cognitive Function Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Jonathan Lévy
- Genetics Department, APHP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
- Plateforme SeqOIA, AP-HP, Paris, France
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2
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Theil AF, Pines A, Kalayci T, Heredia‐Genestar JM, Raams A, Rietveld MH, Sridharan S, Tanis SEJ, Mulder KW, Büyükbabani N, Karaman B, Uyguner ZO, Kayserili H, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Lans H, Demmers JAA, Pothof J, Altunoglu U, El Ghalbzouri A, Vermeulen W. Trichothiodystrophy-associated MPLKIP maintains DBR1 levels for proper lariat debranching and ectodermal differentiation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17973. [PMID: 37800682 PMCID: PMC10630875 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brittle hair syndrome Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is characterized by variable clinical features, including photosensitivity, ichthyosis, growth retardation, microcephaly, intellectual disability, hypogonadism, and anaemia. TTD-associated mutations typically cause unstable mutant proteins involved in various steps of gene expression, severely reducing steady-state mutant protein levels. However, to date, no such link to instability of gene-expression factors for TTD-associated mutations in MPLKIP/TTDN1 has been established. Here, we present seven additional TTD individuals with MPLKIP mutations from five consanguineous families, with a newly identified MPLKIP variant in one family. By mass spectrometry-based interaction proteomics, we demonstrate that MPLKIP interacts with core splicing factors and the lariat debranching protein DBR1. MPLKIP-deficient primary fibroblasts have reduced steady-state DBR1 protein levels. Using Human Skin Equivalents (HSEs), we observed impaired keratinocyte differentiation associated with compromised splicing and eventually, an imbalanced proteome affecting skin development and, interestingly, also the immune system. Our data show that MPLKIP, through its DBR1 stabilizing role, is implicated in mRNA splicing, which is of particular importance in highly differentiated tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular GeneticsErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alex Pines
- Department of Molecular GeneticsErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tuğba Kalayci
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | | | - Anja Raams
- Department of Molecular GeneticsErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marion H Rietveld
- Department of DermatologyLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sriram Sridharan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Sabine EJ Tanis
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Klaas W Mulder
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Nesimi Büyükbabani
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Medical GeneticsKoc University HospitalIstanbulTurkey
| | - Birsen Karaman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Child Health InstituteIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Zehra O Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Medical GeneticsKoc University School of Medicine (KUSOM)IstanbulTurkey
| | - Jan HJ Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular GeneticsErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, CECAD ForschungszentrumUniversity Hospital of CologneKölnGermany
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyONCODE InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular GeneticsErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Joris Pothof
- Department of Molecular GeneticsErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Medical GeneticsKoc University School of Medicine (KUSOM)IstanbulTurkey
| | | | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular GeneticsErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
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3
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Sorrentino U, Agosto C, Benini F, Bertolin C, Cassina M, Bonadies L, Caroppo F, Fortina AB, Salviati L. Severe trichothiodystrophy and cardiac malformation in a newborn carrying a novel GTF2H5 homozygous truncating variant. Clin Genet 2023; 104:604-606. [PMID: 37356817 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a newborn patient with trichothiodystrophy-3 (TTD3) caused by a novel homozygous variant in the GTF2H5 gene. His severe phenotype included congenital ichthyosis, complex posterior cranial fossa anomaly, life-threatening infections, bilateral cryptorchidism, and, notably, a complex cardiac malformation, which is unprecedented in TTD3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Agosto
- Pediatric Pain and Palliative Care Service, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Franca Benini
- Pediatric Pain and Palliative Care Service, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bertolin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bonadies
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Caroppo
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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4
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Abstract
This case report describes an infant with frizzy, coarse, and fragile hair and low-set ears, blepharophimosis, and osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Garon
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victor Kokta
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Department of Pathology, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Coulombe
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Townley BA, Buerer L, Tsao N, Bacolla A, Mansoori F, Rusanov T, Clark N, Goodarzi N, Schmidt N, Srivatsan SN, Sun H, Sample RA, Brickner JR, McDonald D, Tsai MS, Walter MJ, Wozniak DF, Holehouse AS, Pena V, Tainer JA, Fairbrother WG, Mosammaparast N. A functional link between lariat debranching enzyme and the intron-binding complex is defective in non-photosensitive trichothiodystrophy. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2258-2275.e11. [PMID: 37369199 PMCID: PMC10483886 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The pre-mRNA life cycle requires intron processing; yet, how intron-processing defects influence splicing and gene expression is unclear. Here, we find that TTDN1/MPLKIP, which is encoded by a gene implicated in non-photosensitive trichothiodystrophy (NP-TTD), functionally links intron lariat processing to spliceosomal function. The conserved TTDN1 C-terminal region directly binds lariat debranching enzyme DBR1, whereas its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) binds the intron-binding complex (IBC). TTDN1 loss, or a mutated IDR, causes significant intron lariat accumulation, as well as splicing and gene expression defects, mirroring phenotypes observed in NP-TTD patient cells. A Ttdn1-deficient mouse model recapitulates intron-processing defects and certain neurodevelopmental phenotypes seen in NP-TTD. Fusing DBR1 to the TTDN1 IDR is sufficient to recruit DBR1 to the IBC and circumvents the functional requirement for TTDN1. Collectively, our findings link RNA lariat processing with splicing outcomes by revealing the molecular function of TTDN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Townley
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Luke Buerer
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Ning Tsao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fadhel Mansoori
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timur Rusanov
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathanial Clark
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Negar Goodarzi
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Splicing Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Schmidt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Hua Sun
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Reilly A Sample
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua R Brickner
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Drew McDonald
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Miaw-Sheue Tsai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew J Walter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David F Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Vladimir Pena
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Splicing Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William G Fairbrother
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Nima Mosammaparast
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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6
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Khalid F, Phan T, Qiang M, Maity P, Lasser T, Wiese S, Penzo M, Alupei M, Orioli D, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Iben S. TFIIH mutations can impact on translational fidelity of the ribosome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1102-1113. [PMID: 36308430 PMCID: PMC10026254 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TFIIH is a complex essential for transcription of protein-coding genes by RNA polymerase II, DNA repair of UV-lesions and transcription of rRNA by RNA polymerase I. Mutations in TFIIH cause the cancer prone DNA-repair disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and the developmental and premature aging disorders trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Cockayne syndrome. A total of 50% of the TTD cases are caused by TFIIH mutations. Using TFIIH mutant patient cells from TTD and XP subjects we can show that the stress-sensitivity of the proteome is reduced in TTD, but not in XP. Using three different methods to investigate the accuracy of protein synthesis by the ribosome, we demonstrate that translational fidelity of the ribosomes of TTD, but not XP cells, is decreased. The process of ribosomal synthesis and maturation is affected in TTD cells and can lead to instable ribosomes. Isolated ribosomes from TTD patients show an elevated error rate when challenged with oxidized mRNA, explaining the oxidative hypersensitivity of TTD cells. Treatment of TTD cells with N-acetyl cysteine normalized the increased translational error-rate and restored translational fidelity. Here we describe a pathomechanism that might be relevant for our understanding of impaired development and aging-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khalid
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Phan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mingyue Qiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Theresa Lasser
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marianna Penzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marius Alupei
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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7
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DiGiovanna JJ, Randall G, Edelman A, Allawh R, Xiong M, Tamura D, Khan SG, Rizza ERH, Reynolds JC, Paul SM, Hill SC, Kraemer KH. Debilitating hip degeneration in trichothiodystrophy: Association with ERCC2/XPD mutations, osteosclerosis, osteopenia, coxa valga, contractures, and osteonecrosis. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3448-3462. [PMID: 36103153 PMCID: PMC9669218 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare, autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder of DNA repair and transcription with developmental delay and abnormalities in brain, eye, skin, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. We followed a cohort of 37 patients with TTD at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 2001 to 2019 with a median age at last observation of 12 years (range 2-36). Some children with TTD developed rapidly debilitating hip degeneration (DHD): a distinctive pattern of hip pain, inability to walk, and avascular necrosis on imaging. Ten (27%) of the 37 patients had DHD at median age 8 years (range 5-12), followed by onset of imaging findings at median age 9 years (range 5-13). All 10 had mutations in the ERCC2/XPD gene. In 7 of the 10 affected patients, DHD rapidly became bilateral. DHD was associated with coxa valga, central osteosclerosis with peripheral osteopenia of the skeleton, and contractures/tightness of the lower limbs. Except for one patient, surgical interventions were generally not effective at preventing DHD. Four patients with DHD died at a median age of 11 years (range 9-15). TTD patients with ERCC2/XPD gene mutations have a high risk of musculoskeletal abnormalities and DHD leading to poor outcomes. Monitoring by history, physical examination, imaging, and by physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. DiGiovanna
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Grant Randall
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- NIH Medical Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra Edelman
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rina Allawh
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Xiong
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Tamura
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sikandar G. Khan
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. H. Rizza
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott M. Paul
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suvimol C. Hill
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Kraemer
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Ioannidis AD, Khan SG, Tamura D, DiGiovanna JJ, Rizza E, Kraemer KH, Rice RH. Trichothiodystrophy hair shafts display distinct ultrastructural features. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1270-1275. [PMID: 35615778 PMCID: PMC10575343 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hair shafts from three trichothiodystrophy (TTD) patients with mutations in the ERCC2 (XPD) gene were examined by transmission electron microscopy. TTD is a rare, recessive disorder with mutations in several genes in the DNA repair/transcription pathway, including ERCC2. Unlike previous studies, the hair shafts were examined after relaxation of their structure by partial disulphide bond reduction in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, permitting improved visualization. Compared with hair shafts of normal phenotype, TTD cuticle cells displayed aberrant marginal bands and exocuticle layers. Clusters of cells stained differently (light versus dark) in the cortex of aberrant shafts, and the keratin macrofibrils appeared much shorter in the cytoplasm. Considerable heterogeneity in these properties was evident among samples and even along the length of single hair shafts. The results are consistent with not only a paucity of high sulphur components, such as keratin-associated proteins, but also a profound imbalance in protein content and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki-Diotima Ioannidis
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Forensic Science Program, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sikandar G. Khan
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Tamura
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John J. DiGiovanna
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rizza
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Kraemer
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert H. Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Forensic Science Program, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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9
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Chen JD, Liao WD, Wen LY, Zhong RH. Novel ERCC2 variant in trichothiodystrophy infant: the first case report in China. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:123. [PMID: 33711971 PMCID: PMC7955621 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare, autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder most commonly caused by variants in ERCC2. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we describe the first Chinese patient with a novel variant in ERCC2. A male infant, who was born to a healthy non-consanguineous couple, exhibited brittle hair, hair loss ichthyosis, eczema, retinal pigmentation and hypospadias. He carried a novel heterozygous ERCC2 variant. The maternal variant (c.2191-18_2213del) is a previous described genomic deletion that affects the splicing of intron 22. The paternal variant (c.1666-1G > A), that occurs in the splice site of intron 17 and likely alters ERCC2 gene function through aberrant splicing, has not been reported previously. CONCLUSIONS Our case reported a novel pathogenic variant in ERCC2, which expanded the known genetic variants associated with TTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Dong Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.105, Jiyi North Road, Xinluo District, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Dong Liao
- Department of Neonatology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.105, Jiyi North Road, Xinluo District, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Ling-Ying Wen
- Department of Neonatology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.105, Jiyi North Road, Xinluo District, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Rong-Hua Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.105, Jiyi North Road, Xinluo District, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China.
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10
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Michalska E, Koppolu A, Dobrzańska A, Płoski R, Gruszfeld D. A case of severe trichothiodystrophy 3 in a neonate due to mutation in the GTF2H5 gene: Clinical report. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103557. [PMID: 30359777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a group of predominantly autosomal recessive disorders characterized by sulfur-deficient brittle hair. Clinical features of TTD consist of variable neuroectodermal symptoms including ichthyosis, nail abnormalities, mental retardation, short stature, decreased fertility and proneness to infections. Approximately half of the reported patients with TTD have clinical and cellular photosensitivity associated with mutations in three subunits (ERCC3, ERCC2, GTF2H5) of the basal transcription factor TFHII, which is involved in transcription and nucleotide excision repair. We report on a case of a male neonate with a novel GTF2H5 gene mutation, detected by whole exome sequencing. The GTF2H5 gene's role is to provide stability to the entire TFHII complex. The reported patient was born at 33 weeks' gestation from a pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and premature rupture of membranes. His main clinical problems included severe congenital ichthyosis and proneness to infections with episodes of multiorgan failure. The infant's history displays the most severe clinical manifestations among patients with GTF2H5 gene mutations that have so far been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Michalska
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Koppolu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dobrzańska
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Poland
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11
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Veres K, Nagy N, Háromszéki B, Solymosi Á, Vass V, Széll M, Szalai ZZ. The First Reported Case of Trichothiodystrophy in Hungary: A Young Male Patient with Mutations in the ERCC2 Gene. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2018; 26:169-172. [PMID: 29989875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichothiodystrophy, also called sulphur-deficient brittle hair syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of DNA repair and transcription. Trichothiodysthrophy is characterised by dry, thin, easily broken hair, showing alternating light and dark pattern called 'tiger tail' banding under polarizing light microscopy. According to our knowledge, our report is the first one on this rare disorder from Hungary: a case of a 9-year-old boy showing clinical features typical of trichotiodystrophy. Sequence analysis of the ERCC2 gene identified two recurrent trichothidodystrophy missense heterozygous mutations - c.934G/A p.Asp312Asn (CM015299) and c.2251A/C p.Lys751Gln (CM004814) - suggesting compound heterozygous state of the patient and confirming the clinically suspected diagnosis of trichothiodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Veres
- Klara Veres, MD, Department of Pediatric Dermatology of Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Üllői u. 86, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
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12
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Kuschal C, Botta E, Orioli D, Digiovanna JJ, Seneca S, Keymolen K, Tamura D, Heller E, Khan SG, Caligiuri G, Lanzafame M, Nardo T, Ricotti R, Peverali FA, Stephens R, Zhao Y, Lehmann AR, Baranello L, Levens D, Kraemer KH, Stefanini M. GTF2E2 Mutations Destabilize the General Transcription Factor Complex TFIIE in Individuals with DNA Repair-Proficient Trichothiodystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:627-42. [PMID: 26996949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The general transcription factor IIE (TFIIE) is essential for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) via direct interaction with the basal transcription/DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH). TFIIH harbors mutations in two rare genetic disorders, the cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and the cancer-free, multisystem developmental disorder trichothiodystrophy (TTD). The phenotypic complexity resulting from mutations affecting TFIIH has been attributed to the nucleotide excision repair (NER) defect as well as to impaired transcription. Here, we report two unrelated children showing clinical features typical of TTD who harbor different homozygous missense mutations in GTF2E2 (c.448G>C [p.Ala150Pro] and c.559G>T [p.Asp187Tyr]) encoding the beta subunit of transcription factor IIE (TFIIEβ). Repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage was normal in the GTF2E2 mutated cells, indicating that TFIIE was not involved in NER. We found decreased protein levels of the two TFIIE subunits (TFIIEα and TFIIEβ) as well as decreased phosphorylation of TFIIEα in cells from both children. Interestingly, decreased phosphorylation of TFIIEα was also seen in TTD cells with mutations in ERCC2, which encodes the XPD subunit of TFIIH, but not in XP cells with ERCC2 mutations. Our findings support the theory that TTD is caused by transcriptional impairments that are distinct from the NER disorder XP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kuschal
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena Botta
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - John J Digiovanna
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara Seneca
- Center for Medical Genetics, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathelijn Keymolen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deborah Tamura
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Heller
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sikandar G Khan
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Lanzafame
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nardo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricotti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo A Peverali
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Robert Stephens
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alan R Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Laura Baranello
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Levens
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth H Kraemer
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Lee WI, Huang JL, Chen CC, Lin JL, Wu RC, Jaing TH, Ou LS. Identifying Mutations of the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 37 (TTC37) Gene in Infants With Intractable Diarrhea and a Comparison of Asian and Non-Asian Phenotype and Genotype: A Global Case-report Study of a Well-Defined Syndrome With Immunodeficiency. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2918. [PMID: 26945392 PMCID: PMC4782876 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndromic diarrhea/tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome (SD/THE) is a rare, autosomal recessive and severe bowel disorder mainly caused by mutations in the tetratricopeptide repeat domain 37 (TTC37) gene which act as heterotetrameric cofactors to enhance aberrant mRNAs decay. The phenotype and immune profiles of SD/THE overlap those of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). Neonates with intractable diarrhea underwent immunologic assessments including immunoglobulin levels, lymphocyte subsets, lymphocyte proliferation, superoxide production, and IL-10 signaling function. Candidate genes for PIDs predisposing to inflammatory bowel disease were sequencing in this study. Two neonates, born to nonconsanguineous parents, suffered from intractable diarrhea, recurrent infections, and massive hematemesis from esopharyngeal varices due to liver cirrhosis or accompanying Trichorrhexis nodosa that developed with age and thus guided the diagnosis of SD/THE compatible to TTC37 mutations (homozygous DelK1155H, Fs*2; heterozygous Y1169Ter and InsA1143, Fs*3). Their immunologic evaluation showed normal mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, superoxide production, and IL-10 signaling, but low IgG levels, undetectable antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen and decreased antigen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. A PubMed search for bi-allelic TTC37 mutations and phenotypes were recorded in 14 Asian and 12 non-Asian cases. They had similar presentations of infantile onset refractory diarrhea, facial dysmorphism, hair anomalies, low IgG, low birth weight, and consanguinity. A higher incidence of heart anomalies (8/14 vs 2/12; P = 0.0344, Chi-square), nonsense mutations (19 in 28 alleles), and hot-spot mutations (W936Ter, 2779-2G>A, and Y1169Ter) were found in the Asian compared with the non-Asian patients. Despite immunoglobulin therapy in 20 of the patients, 4 died from liver cirrhosis and 1 died from sepsis. Patients of all ethnicities with SD/THE with the characteristic triad of T nodosa, hepatic cirrhosis, and intractable enteropathy have low IgG, poor vaccine response and/or decreased antigen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. This is now better classified into the subgroup of "well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency" (the update termed as "combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features") than "predominantly antibody deficiencies" in the update PIDs classification, and requires optimal interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-I Lee
- From the Primary Immunodeficiency Care and Research (PICAR) Institute (W-IL, J-LH) and Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine (W-IL, J-LH, T-HJ, L-SO); and Division of Gastroenterology (C-CC), Division of Genetics and Endocrinology (J-LL), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics (T-HJ), and Department Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (R-CW), Taoyuan, Taiwan
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14
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Singh A, Compe E, Le May N, Egly JM. TFIIH subunit alterations causing xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy specifically disturb several steps during transcription. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:194-207. [PMID: 25620205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding the ERCC3 (XPB), ERCC2 (XPD), and GTF2H5 (p8 or TTD-A) subunits of the transcription and DNA-repair factor TFIIH lead to three autosomal-recessive disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), XP associated with Cockayne syndrome (XP/CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Although these diseases were originally associated with defects in DNA repair, transcription deficiencies might be also implicated. By using retinoic acid receptor beta isoform 2 (RARB2) as a model in several cells bearing mutations in genes encoding TFIIH subunits, we observed that (1) the recruitment of the TFIIH complex was altered at the activated RARB2 promoter, (2) TFIIH participated in the recruitment of nucleotide excision repair (NER) factors during transcription in a manner different from that observed during NER, and (3) the different TFIIH variants disturbed transcription by having distinct consequences on post-translational modifications of histones, DNA-break induction, DNA demethylation, and gene-loop formation. The transition from heterochromatin to euchromatin was disrupted depending on the variant, illustrating the fact that TFIIH, by contributing to NER factor recruitment, orchestrates chromatin remodeling. The subtle transcriptional differences found between various TFIIH variants thus participate in the phenotypic variability observed among XP, XP/CS, and TTD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Singh
- Genome Expression and Repair Team, Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2014, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU Strasbourg, France
| | - Emanuel Compe
- Genome Expression and Repair Team, Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2014, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Le May
- Genome Expression and Repair Team, Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2014, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Egly
- Genome Expression and Repair Team, Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2014, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Traboulsi H, Davoli S, Catez P, Egly JM, Compe E. Dynamic partnership between TFIIH, PGC-1α and SIRT1 is impaired in trichothiodystrophy. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004732. [PMID: 25340339 PMCID: PMC4207666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of protein-coding genes requires the selective role of many transcription factors, whose coordinated actions remain poorly understood. To further grasp the molecular mechanisms that govern transcription, we focused our attention on the general transcription factor TFIIH, which gives rise, once mutated, to Trichothiodystrophy (TTD), a rare autosomal premature-ageing disease causing inter alia, metabolic dysfunctions. Since this syndrome could be connected to transcriptional defects, we investigated the ability of a TTD mouse model to cope with food deprivation, knowing that energy homeostasis during fasting involves an accurate regulation of the gluconeogenic genes in the liver. Abnormal amounts of gluconeogenic enzymes were thus observed in TTD hepatic parenchyma, which was related to the dysregulation of the corresponding genes. Strikingly, such gene expression defects resulted from the inability of PGC1-α to fulfill its role of coactivator. Indeed, extensive molecular analyses unveiled that wild-type TFIIH cooperated in an ATP-dependent manner with PGC1-α as well as with the deacetylase SIRT1, thereby contributing to the PGC1-α deacetylation by SIRT1. Such dynamic partnership was, however, impaired when TFIIH was mutated, having as a consequence the disruption of PGC1-α recruitment to the promoter of target genes. Therefore, besides a better understanding of the etiology of TFIIH-related disease, our results shed light on the synergistic relationship that exist between different types of transcription factors, which is necessary to properly regulate the expression of protein coding genes. In eukaryotes, the expression of genes encoding proteins requires the action of hundreds of factors, together with the RNA polymerase II. While these factors are timely and selectively required for the expression of a given gene, little is known about their partnership upon gene expression. Our results reveal a cooperation between different types of transcription factors, namely the general transcription factor TFIIH, the cofactor PGC-1α and the deacetylase SIRT1. Such partnership is however impaired when TFIIH is mutated, as observed in Trichothiodystrophy patients that develop premature ageing. These results thus shed light on the coordinated action of factors during transcription and allow us to better understand molecular deficiencies observed in many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Traboulsi
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Serena Davoli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Catez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Egly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail: (JME); (EC)
| | - Emmanuel Compe
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail: (JME); (EC)
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16
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Schäfer A, Gratchev A, Seebode C, Hofmann L, Schubert S, Laspe P, Apel A, Ohlenbusch A, Tzvetkov M, Weishaupt C, Oji V, Schön MP, Emmert S. Functional and molecular genetic analyses of nine newly identified XPD-deficient patients reveal a novel mutation resulting in TTD as well as in XP/CS complex phenotypes. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:486-9. [PMID: 23800062 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) group D protein is involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) as well as in basal transcription. Determined by the type of XPD mutation, six different clinical entities have been distinguished: XP, XP with neurological symptoms, trichothiodystrophy (TTD), XP⁄TTD complex, XP⁄Cockayne syndrome (CS) complex or the cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome (COFS). We identified nine new XPD-deficient patients. Their fibroblasts showed reduced post-UV cell survival, reduced NER capacity, normal XPD mRNA expression and partly reduced XPD protein expression. Six patients exhibited a XP phenotype in accordance with established XP-causing mutations (c.2079G>A, p.R683Q; c.2078G>T, p.R683W; c.1833G>T, p.R601L; c.1878G>C, p.R616P; c.1878G>A, p.R616Q). One TTD patient was homozygous for the known TTD-causing mutation p.R722W (c.2195C>T). Two patients were compound heterozygous for a TTD-causing mutation (c.366G>A, p.R112H) and a novel p.D681H (c.2072G>C) amino acid exchange, but exhibited different TTD and XP/CS complex phenotypes, respectively. Interestingly, the XP/CS patient's cells exhibited a reduced but well detectable XPD protein expression compared with hardly detectable XPD expression of the TTD patient's cells. Same mutations with different clinical outcomes in NER-defective patients demonstrate the complexity of phenotype-genotype correlations, for example relating to additional genetic variations (parental consanguinity), different allelic expression due to SNPs or differences in the methylation status.
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Theil AF, Nonnekens J, Steurer B, Mari PO, de Wit J, Lemaitre C, Marteijn JA, Raams A, Maas A, Vermeij M, Essers J, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Giglia-Mari G, Vermeulen W. Disruption of TTDA results in complete nucleotide excision repair deficiency and embryonic lethality. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003431. [PMID: 23637614 PMCID: PMC3630102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The ten-subunit transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) plays a crucial role in transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Inactivating mutations in the smallest 8-kDa TFB5/TTDA subunit cause the neurodevelopmental progeroid repair syndrome trichothiodystrophy A (TTD-A). Previous studies have shown that TTDA is the only TFIIH subunit that appears not to be essential for NER, transcription, or viability. We studied the consequences of TTDA inactivation by generating a Ttda knock-out (Ttda−/−) mouse-model resembling TTD-A patients. Unexpectedly, Ttda−/− mice were embryonic lethal. However, in contrast to full disruption of all other TFIIH subunits, viability of Ttda−/− cells was not affected. Surprisingly, Ttda−/− cells were completely NER deficient, contrary to the incomplete NER deficiency of TTD-A patient-derived cells. We further showed that TTD-A patient mutations only partially inactivate TTDA function, explaining the relatively mild repair phenotype of TTD-A cells. Moreover, Ttda−/− cells were also highly sensitive to oxidizing agents. These findings reveal an essential role of TTDA for life, nucleotide excision repair, and oxidative DNA damage repair and identify Ttda−/− cells as a unique class of TFIIH mutants. DNA is under constant attack of various environmental and cellular produced DNA damaging agents. DNA damage hampers normal cell function; however, different DNA repair mechanisms protect our genetic information. Nucleotide Excision Repair is one of the most versatile repair processes, as it removes a large variety of DNA helix-distorting lesions induced by UV light and various chemicals. To remove these lesions, the DNA helix needs to be opened by the transcription/repair factor II H (TFIIH). TFIIH is a multifunctional complex that consists of 10 subunits and plays a fundamental role in opening the DNA helix in both NER and transcription. TTDA, the smallest subunit of TFIIH, was thought to be dispensable for both NER and transcription. However, in this paper, we show for the first time that TTDA is in fact a crucial component of TFIIH for NER. We demonstrate that Ttda−/− mice are embryonic lethal. We also show that Ttda−/− mouse cells are the first known viable TFIIH subunit knock-out cells, which are completely NER deficient and sensitive to oxidative agents (showing a new role for TFIIH outside NER and transcription).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan F. Theil
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Nonnekens
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) and Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Steurer
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Olivier Mari
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) and Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jan de Wit
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anja Raams
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Maas
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vermeij
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Giuseppina Giglia-Mari
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) and Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (WV); (GG-M)
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (WV); (GG-M)
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Shin S, Kim J, Kim Y, Sun JY, Yoo JH, Lee KA. Analysis of mutations in the XPD gene in a patient with brittle hair. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2013; 43:323-327. [PMID: 23884229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare, autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder characterized by sulfur-deficient brittle hair, growth and mental retardation, and ichthyosis. TTD is caused primarily by mutations in the xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) gene, which encodes a subunit of the basal transcription factor IIH. We have identified a novel heterozygous mutation in XPD (c.1906C>T; p.R636W) resulting in mild-phenotype TTD in the proband and her mother. No identical variations were found in one hundred healthy Korean controls. In silico analysis suggested that the novel mutation was a causative mutation for TTD. This genotype-phenotype correlation provides a unique insight into the TTD inheritance pattern and could prove useful in the diagnosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 146-9 Dogokdong, Kangnamgu, Seoul 146-92, Republic of Korea
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Diderich KEM, Nicolaije C, Priemel M, Waarsing JH, Day JS, Brandt RMC, Schilling AF, Botter SM, Weinans H, van der Horst GTJ, Hoeijmakers JHJ, van Leeuwen JPTM. Bone fragility and decline in stem cells in prematurely aging DNA repair deficient trichothiodystrophy mice. Age (Dordr) 2012; 34:845-861. [PMID: 21814739 PMCID: PMC3682057 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare, autosomal recessive nucleotide excision repair (NER) disorder caused by mutations in components of the dual functional NER/basal transcription factor TFIIH. TTD mice, carrying a patient-based point mutation in the Xpd gene, strikingly resemble many features of the human syndrome and exhibit signs of premature aging. To examine to which extent TTD mice resemble the normal process of aging, we thoroughly investigated the bone phenotype. Here, we show that female TTD mice exhibit accelerated bone aging from 39 weeks onwards as well as lack of periosteal apposition leading to reduced bone strength. Before 39 weeks have passed, bones of wild-type and TTD mice are identical excluding a developmental defect. Albeit that bone formation is decreased, osteoblasts in TTD mice retain bone-forming capacity as in vivo PTH treatment leads to increased cortical thickness. In vitro bone marrow cell cultures showed that TTD osteoprogenitors retain the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts. However, after 13 weeks of age TTD females show decreased bone nodule formation. No increase in bone resorption or the number of osteoclasts was detected. In conclusion, TTD mice show premature bone aging, which is preceded by a decrease in mesenchymal stem cells/osteoprogenitors and a change in systemic factors, identifying DNA damage and repair as key determinants for bone fragility by influencing osteogenesis and bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin E. M. Diderich
- MGC Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Nicolaije
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Room Ee585, P.O Box 2040, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Priemel
- Center of Biomechanics and Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan H. Waarsing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judd S. Day
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renata M. C. Brandt
- MGC Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Center of Biomechanics and Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Biomechanics Section, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sander M. Botter
- MGC Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Room Ee585, P.O Box 2040, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers
- MGC Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Nicolaije C, Diderich KEM, Botter SM, Priemel M, Waarsing JH, Day JS, Brandt RMC, Schilling AF, Weinans H, Van der Eerden BC, van der Horst GTJ, Hoeijmakers JHJ, van Leeuwen JPTM. Age-related skeletal dynamics and decrease in bone strength in DNA repair deficient male trichothiodystrophy mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35246. [PMID: 22506075 PMCID: PMC3323647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of DNA damage caused by oxidative stress is thought to be one of the main contributors of human tissue aging. Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) mice have a mutation in the Ercc2 DNA repair gene, resulting in accumulation of DNA damage and several features of segmental accelerated aging. We used male TTD mice to study the impact of DNA repair on bone metabolism with age. Analysis of bone parameters, measured by micro-computed tomography, displayed an earlier decrease in trabecular and cortical bone as well as a loss of periosteal apposition and a reduction in bone strength in TTD mice with age compared to wild type mice. Ex vivo analysis of bone marrow differentiation potential showed an accelerated reduction in the number of osteogenic and osteoprogenitor cells with unaltered differentiation capacity. Adipocyte differentiation was normal. Early in life, osteoclast number tended to be increased while at 78 weeks it was significantly lower in TTD mice. Our findings reveal the importance of genome stability and proper DNA repair for skeletal homeostasis with age and support the idea that accumulation of damage interferes with normal skeletal maintenance, causing reduction in the number of osteoblast precursors that are required for normal bone remodeling leading to a loss of bone structure and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nicolaije
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin E. M. Diderich
- MGC Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. M. Botter
- MGC Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Priemel
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan H. Waarsing
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judd S. Day
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renata M. C. Brandt
- MGC Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers
- MGC Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Nishigori C. [Photosensitive disorders--focusing on photosensitive genetic diseases]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68:1187-1195. [PMID: 20535974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Among various photosensitive disorders, photosensitive genetic diseases are noticeable in that physicians play a key role in early diagnosis. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and erythropoetic protoporphyria (EPP) are focused on this issue as photosensitive genetic diseases. XP is characterized by the proneness to skin cancers of sun-exposed area from younger age. XP-A through G and XP-V are caused by the deficiency in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and by translesional synthesis, respectively. NER is closely related to the transcription and the neurological features developed in some XP patients are attributed to the transcription abnormalities. As for EPP, it was shown that the combination of mutation in FECH in one allele and the low expression type SNP in the other allele cause the apparent clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University
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22
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Falik-Zaccai TC, Keren Z, Slor H. The versatile DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) and its medical significance. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2009; 7:37-42. [PMID: 20118892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two of DNA's worst enemies, ultraviolet light and chemical carcinogens, can cause damage to the molecule by mutating individual nucleotides or changing its physical structure. In most cases, genomic integrity is restored by specialized suites of proteins dedicated to repairing specific types of injuries. One restoration mechanism, called nucleotide excision repair (NER), recruits and coordinates the services of 20-30 proteins to recognize and remove structure-impairing lesions, including those induced by ultraviolet (UV) light. Mutations in a gene that encodes a protein from the NER machinery might cause a wide variety of rare inherited human disorders. Sun sensitivity, cancer, developmental retardation, neurodegeneration and premature aging characterize these syndromes. Identification of the causative genes and proteins in affected families in Israel allowed us to establish accurate molecular diagnosis of couples at risk, and provide them with better genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Aguilar-Fuentes J, Fregoso M, Herrera M, Reynaud E, Braun C, Egly JM, Zurita M. p8/TTDA overexpression enhances UV-irradiation resistance and suppresses TFIIH mutations in a Drosophila trichothiodystrophy model. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000253. [PMID: 19008953 PMCID: PMC2576456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in certain subunits of the DNA repair/transcription factor complex TFIIH are linked to the human syndromes xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne's syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). One of these subunits, p8/TTDA, interacts with p52 and XPD and is important in maintaining TFIIH stability. Drosophila mutants in the p52 (Dmp52) subunit exhibit phenotypic defects similar to those observed in TTD patients with defects in p8/TTDA and XPD, including reduced levels of TFIIH. Here, we demonstrate that several Dmp52 phenotypes, including lethality, developmental defects, and sterility, can be suppressed by p8/TTDA overexpression. TFIIH levels were also recovered in rescued flies. In addition, p8/TTDA overexpression suppressed a lethal allele of the Drosophila XPB homolog. Furthermore, transgenic flies overexpressing p8/TTDA were more resistant to UV irradiation than were wild-type flies, apparently because of enhanced efficiency of cyclobutane-pyrimidine-dimers and 6–4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts repair. This study is the first using an intact higher-animal model to show that one subunit mutant can trans-complement another subunit in a multi-subunit complex linked to human diseases. TFIIH participates in RNA polymerase II transcription, nucleotide excision repair, and control of the cell cycle. In humans, certain mutations in the XPB and XPD subunits of TFIIH generate the syndromes trichothiodystrophy (TTD), xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), and Cockayne's syndrome (CS). In contrast, mutations in the p8/TTDA subunit have been linked only to TTD. Cells derived from TTD patients with defects in p8/TTDA have reduced levels of TFIIH. Therefore, it has been proposed that the main function of p8/TTDA is to stabilize and maintain steady-state levels of TFIIH. In Drosophila, mutations in Dmp52 and haywire genes generate phenotypes that share similarities with those associated with mutations in their human counterparts, including reduced TFIIH levels. We report that p8/TTDA overexpression suppressed accumulated developmental defects associated with mutations in the Dmp52 and haywire genes. We also provide evidence suggesting that the rescue of these defects is, in part, because of the recovery of normal TFIIH levels in mutant flies. These results indicate that overexpression of p8/TTDA trans-complemented mutations in other TFIIH subunits and suppressed defects accumulated during fly development. The overexpression of p8/TTDA in wild-type flies increased their UV irradiation resistance, apparently because of more efficient nucleotide excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aguilar-Fuentes
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Mariana Fregoso
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Mariana Herrera
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Enrique Reynaud
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Cathy Braun
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Marc Egly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
| | - Mario Zurita
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
- * E-mail:
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Chiganças V, Lima-Bessa KM, Stary A, Menck CFM, Sarasin A. Defective transcription/repair factor IIH recruitment to specific UV lesions in trichothiodystrophy syndrome. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6074-83. [PMID: 18676829 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most trichothiodystrophy (TTD) patients present mutations in the xeroderma pigmentosum D (XPD) gene, coding for a subunit of the transcription/repair factor IIH (TFIIH) complex involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and transcription. After UV irradiation, most TTD/XPD patients are more severely affected in the NER of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) than of 6-4-photoproducts (6-4PP). The reasons for this differential DNA repair defect are unknown. Here we report the first study of NER in response to CPDs or 6-4PPs separately analyzed in primary fibroblasts. This was done by using heterologous photorepair; recombinant adenovirus vectors carrying photolyases enzymes that repair CPD or 6-4PP specifically by using the energy of light were introduced in different cell lines. The data presented here reveal that some TTD/XPD mutations affect the recruitment of TFIIH specifically to CPDs, but not to 6-4PPs. This deficiency is further confirmed by the inability of TTD/XPD cells to recruit, specifically for CPDs, NER factors that arrive in a TFIIH-dependent manner later in the NER pathway. For 6-4PPs, we show that TFIIH complexes carrying an NH(2)-terminal XPD mutated protein are also deficient in recruitment of NER proteins downstream of TFIIH. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A allows the recovery of TFIIH recruitment to CPDs in the studied TTD cells and, for COOH-terminal XPD mutations, increases the repair synthesis and survival after UV, suggesting that this defect can be partially related with accessibility of DNA damage in closed chromatin regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Chiganças
- Laboratory of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 2939, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.
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Fan L, Fuss JO, Cheng QJ, Arvai AS, Hammel M, Roberts VA, Cooper PK, Tainer JA. XPD helicase structures and activities: insights into the cancer and aging phenotypes from XPD mutations. Cell 2008; 133:789-800. [PMID: 18510924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in XPD helicase, required for nucleotide excision repair (NER) as part of the transcription/repair complex TFIIH, cause three distinct phenotypes: cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), or aging disorders Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). To clarify molecular differences underlying these diseases, we determined crystal structures of the XPD catalytic core from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and measured mutant enzyme activities. Substrate-binding grooves separate adjacent Rad51/RecA-like helicase domains (HD1, HD2) and an arch formed by 4FeS and Arch domains. XP mutations map along the HD1 ATP-binding edge and HD2 DNA-binding channel and impair helicase activity essential for NER. XP/CS mutations both impair helicase activity and likely affect HD2 functional movement. TTD mutants lose or retain helicase activity but map to sites in all four domains expected to cause framework defects impacting TFIIH integrity. These results provide a foundation for understanding disease consequences of mutations in XPD and related 4Fe-4S helicases including FancJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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27
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Kleijer WJ, van der Sterre MLT, Garritsen VH, Raams A, Jaspers NGJ. Prenatal diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy in 76 pregnancies at risk. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27:1133-7. [PMID: 17880036 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of results in a consecutive series of 76 prenatal diagnoses for xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD) made since 1977. METHODS UV-induced DNA repair synthesis was assessed by the autoradiographic measurement of the incorporation of (3)H-thymidine. RESULTS XP was diagnosed in 19 of the 76 investigated pregnancies at risk; cultured chorionic villus (CV) cells were used in 33 pregnancies with ten affected fetuses and cultured amniocytes in 43 pregnancies with nine affected fetuses. In four cases, CVS results were corroborated by subsequent investigation of amniocytes because maternal cell contamination in the CV cell culture was either present or could not be excluded. Uncertain results in two other cases with intermediate DNA repair capacity and severe maternal cell contamination required further investigation. Median time needed for cell culture and analysis was 25 days. To reduce intra-assay variations, a modification of the DNA repair synthesis assay has recently been developed. In this assay, patients and controls are investigated simultaneously in mixed cultures of cells labelled with polystyrene beads. CONCLUSION Reliable prenatal diagnosis for XP and TTD can be made by the demonstration of clearly reduced UV-induced DNA repair synthesis due to defective global genome nucleotide excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim J Kleijer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Wijnhoven SWP, Beems RB, Roodbergen M, van den Berg J, Lohman PHM, Diderich K, van der Horst GTJ, Vijg J, Hoeijmakers JHJ, van Steeg H. Accelerated aging pathology in ad libitum fed Xpd(TTD) mice is accompanied by features suggestive of caloric restriction. DNA Repair (Amst) 2005; 4:1314-24. [PMID: 16115803 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) patients with a mutation in the XPD gene of nucleotide excision repair (NER) have a short life span and show various features of premature aging, thereby linking DNA damage to the aging process. Xpd(TTD) mutant mice share many features with TTD patients, including a shorter life span, accompanied by a segmental progeroid phenotype. Here we report new pathology features supportive to the premature aging phenotype of Xpd(TTD) mice. Strikingly, accelerated aging pathology is accompanied by signs suggestive of caloric restriction (CR), a condition usually linked to retardation of age-related pathology and life extension. Accelerated aging symptoms in Xpd(TTD) mice are most likely due to accumulation of endogenously generated DNA damage and compromised transcription leading to cell death, whereas CR symptoms may reflect the need of Xpd(TTD) mice to reduce metabolism (ROS production) in an attempt to extend their life span. Our current findings in Xpd(TTD) mice further strengthen the link between DNA damage, repair and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W P Wijnhoven
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Laboratory of Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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