1
|
Translation and application of an obesity behavior change technique training in a Spanish nursing undergraduate setting. An Sist Sanit Navar 2021; 44:51-59. [PMID: 33853227 DOI: 10.23938/assn.0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TEnT PEGS framework is a behavior change communication toolkit which has been shown to be useful in increasing health professional trainees' skills and knowledge about obesity-related behavior change techniques. There is no version of the behavioral change intervention toolkit in Spanish. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to translate the TEnT PEGS framework into Spanish and apply it to a Spanish nursing student population; 2) To analyze whether training with the Spanish toolkit (DEPREMIO) had a positive impact on students' skills in encouraging obesi-ty-related behavioral change. METHODS First year nursing students (n=95) attended two face-to-face (2 hours per session) obesity management training sessions. A specifically designed pre-post test was carried out. Data were collected using an ad-hoc questionnaire of fourteen items, ten of them evaluated the student's knowledge and attitude about behavior change techniques, and four evaluated the student's perception of their skills in developing different strategies. RESULTS Training significantly increased most students' knowledge and attitudes with a 0.05 level of significance and effect sizes were between 0.36 and 0.77. It also increased students' skills, although not to any significant extent. CONCLUSION The DEPREMIO toolkit helped nursing students to acquire more knowledge, attitudes and skills in obesity management. It therefore seems that this adaptation is an acceptable and feasible training tool for the Spanish nursing student population.
Collapse
|
2
|
Understanding the experience of sleep disturbance in psoriasis: a qualitative exploration using the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1397-1404. [PMID: 30671939 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is associated with significant morbidity, which negatively impacts upon quality of life. Sleep disturbance is reported to be common in patients with psoriasis and is associated with physical and psychological variables, although there is little published work in this area. Understanding sleep and the factors involved in its disturbance in psoriasis is a potentially important clinical area given the role of sleep in health and disease processes. OBJECTIVES To explore the experience of sleep and sleep disturbance in psoriasis using the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CS-SRM). METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with adults diagnosed with psoriasis. Interview questions were informed by the CS-SRM and previous research. Framework analysis was applied, including coding data into the CS-SRM dimensions and allowing additional inductive themes to emerge. RESULTS Seventeen people with psoriasis (nine women, eight men; aged 19-86 years) were interviewed about sleep and sleep disturbance. Seven themes emerged, with six accounted for by the CS-SRM: characteristics of sleep disturbance, change in sleep patterns, thoughts about and symptoms of disease disturbing sleep, impact of poor sleep on daily life, attempts to improve sleep, a daily battle for control and a seventh relating to metacognitive processes. A reciprocal relationship between sleep and psoriasis was evident across themes with interactions between key sleep-related thoughts, emotions and behaviours. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that sleep disturbance is a persistent concern for people with psoriasis; it has a 24-h impact, and interacts with the psychological and physical aspects of psoriasis. The distress and frustration felt when managing sleep disturbance perpetuated problematic sleep. Addressing this with currently available sleep treatments may therefore confer sleep and psoriasis-related benefits for people living with this condition.
Collapse
|
3
|
Public health practitioners’ views of the ‘Making Every Contact Count’ initiative and standards for its evaluation. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 41:e70-e77. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
4
|
'New to me': changing patient understanding of psoriasis and identifying mechanisms of change. The Pso Well ® patient materials mixed-methods feasibility study. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:758-770. [PMID: 28403510 PMCID: PMC5637913 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is an inflammatory long‐term condition involving comorbidities, unhealthy lifestyle and significant life impact. Patients’ understanding of psoriasis is limited and support lacking. The Common‐Sense Model of Self‐Regulation of Health and Illness emphasizes the role of illness and treatment beliefs on coping and self‐management. New ‘Pso Well®’ patient materials informed by the model, addressed psoriasis as a long‐term condition, medication management and lifestyle behaviours. Objectives To investigate whether Pso Well® materials (i) broaden understanding of psoriasis without increasing anxiety; (ii) are acceptable; and (iii) comprise features that appear to effect change. Methods The Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ‐R modified) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered in patients before and after intervention. Numerical rating scales assessed perceptions of change in understanding and anxiety resulting from engagement with the materials. Qualitative interviews explored acceptability and perceived ‘active ingredients’. Results Fifty‐five patients completed pre‐ and postintervention questionnaires (56% female; median age 59 years). Postintervention, a large effect size was indicated in two IPQ‐R domains – illness coherence [t(55) = −3·48, P = 0·001 (two‐tailed), η2 = 0·19] and personal control [t(55) = −2·98, P = 0·004 (two‐tailed), η2 = 0·14] – and a medium effect in one, treatment control [t(55) = −2·08, P = 0·042 (two‐tailed), η2 = 0·08]. HADS scores did not change. For numerical rating scales, 80% of participants reported increased understanding of psoriasis and none reported increased anxiety. Interviews with 19 patients indicated the materials were acceptable and usable. Factors reported to broaden understanding and promote engagement with self‐management included linking of related disease aspects, personally relevant content and high‐quality design. Conclusions High‐quality, theory‐based psoriasis materials are acceptable to patients and can improve understanding and sense of control without increasing anxiety. What's already known about this topic? Psoriasis is associated with comorbidities, unhealthy lifestyle and significant life impact. Patients’ understanding of psoriasis is limited, self‐management support is lacking and disengagement from healthcare services is common.
What does this study add? The new, theory‐informed Pso Well® patient materials address psoriasis as a long‐term condition; medications management and lifestyle behaviour. The Pso Well® patient materials can increase understanding of psoriasis, promote feelings of self‐worth and encourage a desire to engage in self‐management and behaviour change, without increasing anxiety or depression.
What are the clinical implications of this work? The Pso Well® patient materials could support clinical consultations by helping patients recognize the remitting–relapsing nature of psoriasis. This will help to improve understanding of the disease, as well as providing a clearer rationale for treatment adherence and lifestyle behaviour change.
Linked Comment: Prinsen. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:616–617
Collapse
|
5
|
A cross-sectional survey of the nature and correlates of sleep disturbance in people with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1052-1059. [PMID: 28314054 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that sleep disturbance is common in psoriasis. While several sleep investigations have been conducted in psoriasis populations, many have methodological shortcomings, and no study has examined multiple dimensions of sleep-wake functioning. Moreover, research has yet to be performed comprehensively examining the range of physical and psychological factors that may affect sleep in people with psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To characterize sleep disturbance using validated measures and to identify physical and psychological predictors of sleep quality in people with psoriasis. METHODS An online survey was conducted (186 respondents; mean age 39·2 years) comprising validated measures assessing sleep [Pittsburgh Sleep; Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Questionnaire, Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale]; chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire); mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale); itch (5-D Itch Scale); and psoriasis severity (Simplified Psoriasis Index). Group comparisons and regression analyses were used to examine predictors of poor sleep. RESULTS The mean PSQI score was 9·2 ± 4·3, with 76·3% scoring above the threshold for poor sleep (≥ 6 on the PSQI) and 32·5% scoring 'positive' for probable obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Poor sleep and high likelihood of OSA were associated with more severe psoriasis (P < 0·05; η = 0·07; η2 = 0·005). Cognitive arousal (β = 0·26, P = 0·001), itch (β = 0·26, P < 0·001) and depression (β = 0·24, P = 0·001) were the most robust predictors of poor sleep quality, which, together with somatic arousal (β = 0·17, P = 0·022), accounted for 43% of variance in PSQI scores. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep is common in psoriasis and associated with psychological and physical factors. Rates of probable OSA are also high. Given the importance of restorative sleep for health, sleep complaints should receive greater clinical attention in the management of psoriasis.
Collapse
|
6
|
1030 BELIEFS ABOUT SLEEP IN PEOPLE WITH PSORIASIS: AN IN-DEPTH QUALITATIVE STUDY USING THE COMMON-SENSE MODEL OF SELF-REGULATION FRAMEWORK. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
7
|
Motivational interviewing-based training enhances clinicians’ skills and knowledge in psoriasis: findings from the Pso Well®
study. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:677-686. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
8
|
P147 Evidence of modifiable prescription factors in primary asthma care. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
9
|
‘In someone's clinic but not in
mine
’ – clinicians’ views of supporting lifestyle behaviour change in patients with psoriasis: a qualitative interview study. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1116-22. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
10
|
Providing lifestyle behaviour change support for patients with psoriasis: an assessment of the existing training competencies across medical and nursing health professionals. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:602-8. [PMID: 24749866 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours which contribute to psoriasis onset and severity. Health professionals who manage patients with psoriasis are well placed to support lifestyle change but few feel confident to do so. Little is known about the extent to which health promotion and lifestyle behaviour change (LBC) skills are included within post-qualification training curricula. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically examine the content of post-qualification U.K. training curricula for health professionals across General Practice and Dermatology for evidence of behaviour change skills relating to the promotion of healthy lifestyles. METHODS Core curricula documents from professional organizations were analysed for content to examine the extent to which curricula: (1) mentioned health promotion and LBC as part of the professional role; and/or (2) included health promotion and LBC as explicit training competencies or requirements for qualification. RESULTS Of the 11 core curricula documents analysed, we found 67 occurrences of terms related to LBC and health promotion. Most were in the General Practitioner curriculum (n = 42; 62·7%), followed by the Dermatology Specialist Nurse curriculum (n = 14; 20·9%) and Dermatologist curriculum (n = 11; 16·4%). No occurrences were found in the General Practitioner with a Special Interest in Dermatology curriculum. LBC knowledge, skills and attitudes were not clearly specified and only basic level LBC competencies were included. CONCLUSIONS Development of post-qualification curricula would ensure health professionals are equipped with the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to support LBC for patients with psoriasis. This is of particular relevance, given the evidence linking unhealthy lifestyles with psoriasis outcomes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Early training in tackling patient obesity: a systematic review of nurse education. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2014; 34:396-404. [PMID: 23849960 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to identify studies that have assessed educational interventions in undergraduate nurse training regarding obesity, and to investigate the interventions' effectiveness. BACKGROUND Obesity is a prominent global issue and nurses have an increased role in weight management with patients. The literature has identified various theory-based behaviour change techniques that successfully assist weight management in patients. Thus, training nurses in obesity-related behaviour change techniques is appropriate in preparing them for their future professional role. However, effectiveness of these educational interventions has not yet been assessed. METHODS The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines informed this systematic review. Four databases were systematically searched and articles were assessed against inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality appraisal forms were developed and completed to identify salient features within the articles. RESULTS Eight studies met inclusion criteria. Only two included both baseline and outcome measures, one of which was a randomised controlled trial. Additionally, only one study included an explicitly identified behaviour change technique. Interventions were delivered through a range of methods, however, quality appraisal indicated that all of the studies had poor methodologies and had high risks of bias. CONCLUSIONS Studies in this area of research are sparse and are not methodologically robust. Therefore, it is not possible to identify effective educational interventions for nursing students on weight management. IMPLICATIONS More robust research is needed to investigate how nurses can be trained to facilitate weight management. Greater transparency of intervention descriptions, particularly around what behaviour change techniques were taught, would allow for replication and appropriate evaluation. Until then, it is not known if current teaching adequately equips nurses to manage obese and overweight patients.
Collapse
|
12
|
Trauma Association of Canada (TAC) Annual Scientific Meeting. The Westin Whistler Resort & Spa, Whistler, BC, Thursday, Apr. 11 to Saturday, Apr. 13, 2013Testing the reliability of tools for pediatric trauma teamwork evaluation in a North American high-resource simulation settingThe association of etomidate with mortality in trauma patientsDefinition of isolated hip fractures as an exclusion criterion in trauma centre performance evaluations: a systematic reviewEstimation of acute care hospitalization costs for trauma hospital performance evaluation: a systematic reviewHospital length of stay following admission for traumatic injury in Canada: a multicentre cohort studyPredictors of hospital length of stay following traumatic injury: a multicentre cohort studyInfluence of the heterogeneity in definitions of an isolated hip fracture used as an exclusion criterion in trauma centre performance evaluations: a multicentre cohort studyPediatric trauma, advocacy skills and medical studentsCompliance with the prescribed packed red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma and platelet ratio for the trauma transfusion pathway at a level 1 trauma centreEarly fixed-wing aircraft activation for major trauma in remote areasDevelopment of a national, multi-disciplinary trauma crisis resource management curriculum: results from the pilot courseThe management of blunt hepatic trauma in the age of angioembolization: a single centre experienceEarly predictors of in-hospital mortality in adult trauma patientsThe impact of open tibial fracture on health service utilization in the year preceding and following injuryA systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the trauma populationSources of support for paramedics managing work-related stress in a Canadian EMS service responding to multisystem trauma patientsAnalysis of prehospital treatment of pain in the multisystem trauma patient at a community level 2 trauma centreIncreased mortality associated with placement of central lines during trauma resuscitationChronic pain after serious injury — identifying high risk patientsEpidemiology of in-hospital trauma deaths in a Brazilian university teaching hospitalIncreased suicidality following major trauma: a population-based studyDevelopment of a population-wide record linkage system to support trauma researchInduction of hmgb1 by increased gut permeability mediates acute lung injury in a hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation mouse modelPatients who sustain gunshot pelvic fractures are at increased risk for deep abscess formation: aggravated by rectal injuryAre we transfusing more with conservative management of isolated blunt splenic injury? A retrospective studyMotorcycle clothesline injury prevention: Experimental test of a protective deviceA prospective analysis of compliance with a massive transfusion protocol - activation alone is not enoughAn evaluation of diagnostic modalities in penetrating injuries to the cardiac box: Is there a role for routine echocardiography in the setting of negative pericardial FAST?Achievement of pediatric national quality indicators — an institutional report cardProcess mapping trauma care in 2 regional health authorities in British Columbia: a tool to assist trauma sys tem design and evaluationPatient safety checklist for emergency intubation: a systematic reviewA standardized flow sheet improves pediatric trauma documentationMassive transfusion in pediatric trauma: a 5-year retrospective reviewIs more better: Does a more intensive physiotherapy program result in accelerated recovery for trauma patients?Trauma care: not just for surgeons. Initial impact of implementing a dedicated multidisciplinary trauma team on severely injured patientsThe role of postmortem autopsy in modern trauma care: Do we still need them?Prototype cervical spine traction device for reduction stabilization and transport of nondistraction type cervical spine injuriesGoing beyond organ preservation: a 12-year review of the beneficial effects of a nonoperative management algorithm for splenic traumaAssessing the construct validity of a global disability measure in adult trauma registry patientsThe mactrauma TTL assessment tool: developing a novel tool for assessing performance of trauma traineesA quality improvement approach to developing a standardized reporting format of ct findings in blunt splenic injuriesOutcomes in geriatric trauma: what really mattersFresh whole blood is not better than component therapy (FFP:RBC) in hemorrhagic shock: a thromboelastometric study in a small animal modelFactors affecting mortality of chest trauma patients: a prospective studyLong-term pain prevalence and health related quality of life outcomes for patients enrolled in a ketamine versus morphine for prehospital traumatic pain randomized controlled trialDescribing pain following trauma: predictors of persistent pain and pain prevalenceManagement strategies for hemorrhage due to pelvic trauma: a survey of Canadian general surgeonsMajor trauma follow-up clinic: Patient perception of recovery following severe traumaLost opportunities to enhance trauma practice: culture of interprofessional education and sharing among emergency staffPrehospital airway management in major trauma and traumatic brain injury by critical care paramedicsImproving patient selection for angiography and identifying risk of rebleeding after angioembolization in the nonoperative management of high grade splenic injuriesFactors predicting the need for angioembolization in solid organ injuryProthrombin complex concentrates use in traumatic brain injury patients on oral anticoagulants is effective despite underutilizationThe right treatment at the right time in the right place: early results and associations from the introduction of an all-inclusive provincial trauma care systemA multicentre study of patient experiences with acute and postacute injury carePopulation burden of major trauma: Has introduction of an organized trauma system made a difference?Long-term functional and return to work outcomes following blunt major trauma in Victoria, AustraliaSurgical dilemma in major burns victim: heterotopic ossification of the tempromandibular jointWhich radiological modality to choose in a unique penetrating neck injury: a differing opinionThe Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) program in CanadaThe Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) in Pakistan: Is there a role?Novel deployment of BC mobile medical unit for coverage of BMX world cup sporting eventIncidence and prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisRisk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill or injured adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisA comparison of quality improvement practices at adult and pediatric trauma centresInternational trauma centre survey to evaluate content validity, usability and feasibility of quality indicatorsLong-term functional recovery following decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injuryMorbidity and mortality associated with free falls from a height among teenage patients: a 5-year review from a level 1 trauma centreA comparison of adverse events between trauma patients and general surgery patients in a level 1 trauma centreProcoagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis in severely bleeding trauma patients: a laboratorial characterization of the early trauma coagulopathyThe use of mobile technology to facilitate surveillance and improve injury outcome in sport and physical activityIntegrated knowledge translation for injury quality improvement: a partnership between researchers and knowledge usersThe impact of a prevention project in trauma with young and their learningIntraosseus vascular access in adult trauma patients: a systematic reviewThematic analysis of patient reported experiences with acute and post-acute injury careAn evaluation of a world health organization trauma care checklist quality improvement pilot programProspective validation of the modified pediatric trauma triage toolThe 16-year evolution of a Canadian level 1 trauma centre: growing up, growing out, and the impact of a booming economyA 20-year review of trauma related literature: What have we done and where are we going?Management of traumatic flail chest: a systematic review of the literatureOperative versus nonoperative management of flail chestEmergency department performance of a clinically indicated and technically successful emergency department thoracotomy and pericardiotomy with minimal equipment in a New Zealand institution without specialized surgical backupBritish Columbia’s mobile medical unit — an emergency health care support resourceRoutine versus ad hoc screening for acute stress: Who would benefit and what are the opportunities for trauma care?A geographical analysis of the Early Development Instrument (EDI) and childhood injuryDevelopment of a pediatric spinal cord injury nursing course“Kids die in driveways” — an injury prevention campaignEpidemiology of traumatic spine injuries in childrenA collaborative approach to reducing injuries in New Brunswick: acute care and injury preventionImpact of changes to a provincial field trauma triage tool in New BrunswickEnsuring quality of field trauma triage in New BrunswickBenefits of a provincial trauma transfer referral system: beyond the numbersThe field trauma triage landscape in New BrunswickImpact of the Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) on trauma transfer intervals in a provincial, inclusive trauma systemTrauma and stress: a critical dynamics study of burnout in trauma centre healthcare professionalsUltrasound-guided pediatric forearm fracture reduction with sedation in the emergency departmentBlock first, opiates later? The use of the fascia iliaca block for patients with hip fractures in the emergency department: a systematic reviewRural trauma systems — demographic and survival analysis of remote traumas transferred from northern QuebecSimulation in trauma ultrasound trainingIncidence of clinically significant intra-abdominal injuries in stable blunt trauma patientsWake up: head injury management around the clockDamage control laparotomy for combat casualties in forward surgical facilitiesDetection of soft tissue foreign bodies by nurse practitioner performed ultrasoundAntihypertensive medications and walking devices are associated with falls from standingThe transfer process: perspectives of transferring physiciansDevelopment of a rodent model for the study of abdominal compartment syndromeClinical efficacy of routine repeat head computed tomography in pediatric traumatic brain injuryEarly warning scores (EWS) in trauma: assessing the “effectiveness” of interventions by a rural ground transport service in the interior of British ColumbiaAccuracy of trauma patient transfer documentation in BCPostoperative echocardiogram after penetrating cardiac injuries: a retrospective studyLoss to follow-up in trauma studies comparing operative methods: a systematic reviewWhat matters where and to whom: a survey of experts on the Canadian pediatric trauma systemA quality initiative to enhance pain management for trauma patients: baseline attitudes of practitionersComparison of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) values in massive and nonmassive transfusion patientsMild traumatic brain injury defined by GCS: Is it really mild?The CMAC videolaryngosocpe is superior to the glidescope for the intubation of trauma patients: a prospective analysisInjury patterns and outcome of urban versus suburban major traumaA cost-effective, readily accessible technique for progressive abdominal closureEvolution and impact of the use of pan-CT scan in a tertiary urban trauma centre: a 4-year auditAdditional and repeated CT scan in interfacilities trauma transfers: room for standardizationPediatric trauma in situ simulation facilitates identification and resolution of system issuesHospital code orange plan: there’s an app for thatDiaphragmatic rupture from blunt trauma: an NTDB studyEarly closure of open abdomen using component separation techniqueSurgical fixation versus nonoperative management of flail chest: a meta-analysisIntegration of intraoperative angiography as part of damage control surgery in major traumaMass casualty preparedness of regional trauma systems: recommendations for an evaluative frameworkDiagnostic peritoneal aspirate: An obsolete diagnostic modality?Blunt hollow viscus injury: the frequency and consequences of delayed diagnosis in the era of selective nonoperative managementEnding “double jeopardy:” the diagnostic impact of cardiac ultrasound and chest radiography on operative sequencing in penetrating thoracoabdominal traumaAre trauma patients with hyperfibrinolysis diagnosed by rotem salvageable?The risk of cardiac injury after penetrating thoracic trauma: Which is the better predictor, hemodynamic status or pericardial window?The online Concussion Awareness Training Toolkit for health practitioners (CATT): a new resource for recognizing, treating, and managing concussionThe prevention of concussion and brain injury in child and youth team sportsRandomized controlled trial of an early rehabilitation intervention to improve return to work Rates following road traumaPhone call follow-upPericardiocentesis in trauma: a systematic review. Can J Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1503/cjs.005813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
13
|
Prescribing and guidelines: both must improve to combat antimicrobial resistance. Eur Respir J 2012; 39:1050. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
14
|
Impulsivity in restrained eaters: emotional and external eating are associated with attentional and motor impulsivity. Eat Weight Disord 2012; 17:e62-5. [PMID: 22751274 DOI: 10.1007/bf03325330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the relationships of motor, nonplanning, and attentional impulsivity to external and emotional eating among restrained eaters. Data were collected from a female college sample of restrained eaters (N=90). Aspects of impulsivity and disordered eating were assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11, the Attentional Control Scale and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Significant correlations emerged between eating disturbances and different types of impulsivity. The results indicated that restrained eating is associated with motor and attentional forms of impulsivity. Emotional eating appears to be linked to both attentional and motor impulsivity whereas external eating seems to be linked only to motor impulsivity. Future studies should explore which aspects of disinhibited eating among restrained eaters are best predicted by a tendency to act impulsively.
Collapse
|
15
|
Asthma control with extrafine-particle hydrofluoroalkane-beclometasone vs. large-particle chlorofluorocarbon-beclometasone: a real-world observational study. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1521-32. [PMID: 21752116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extrafine-particle formulation of hydrofluoroalkane-beclometasone (EF HFA-BDP; Qvar®) demonstrates improved total and small airway deposition compared with large-particle chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-BDP. In some short-term studies, EF HFA-BDP provides greater effects on lung function than CFC-BDP, and hence is recommended to be prescribed at a lower dose, but whether there are differences in asthma outcomes during long-term treatment is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of EF HFA-BDP vs. CFC-BDP over 1 year. METHODS This retrospective matched cohort study examined outcomes in a large primary care database for patients aged 5-60 years with asthma receiving their first inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) prescription (initiation population) or first ICS dose increase (step-up population) by a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) as EF HFA-BDP or CFC-BDP. Patients were matched on baseline demographic and asthma severity measures in EF HFA-BDP:CFC-BDP ratios of 1:3 and 1:2 for initiation and step-up populations, respectively. Step-up patients were matched also on ICS dose during a baseline year. Co-primary endpoints were asthma control (composite measure comprising no recorded hospital attendance for asthma, oral corticosteroids, or antibiotics for lower respiratory infection) and exacerbation rate during the outcome year. RESULTS For the initiation population (EF HFA-BDP n=2882; CFC-BDP n=8646), adjusted odds of achieving asthma control with EF HFA-BDP vs. CFC-BDP was 1.15 (95% CI 1.02-1.28). For the step-up population (n=258 and 516), adjusted odds of asthma control with EF HFA-BDP was 1.72 (95% CI 1.14-2.56). EF HFA-BDP was prescribed at a median dose half that of CFC-BDP. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE During 1 year after initiating or stepping up ICS therapy by pMDI, patients who received EF HFA-BDP were more likely to achieve asthma control than those receiving CFC-BDP. These findings suggest that ICS formulation, particle size, and deposition characteristics play important roles in real-life effectiveness of asthma therapy. This study shows that an EF-particle formulation of beclometasone can be used at half the dose of the large-particle formulation with at least as good clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Comparative Effectiveness Of Extrafine Hydrofluoroalkane Beclomethasone And Fluticasone In Asthma Management: A Real-world Observational Study From The United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Cholesterol lowering effects of nuts compared with a Canola oil enriched cereal of similar fat composition. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15:284-292. [PMID: 16054553 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Small quantities of nuts protect against subsequent cardiovascular risk. There is speculation that the cholesterol lowering effect associated with nut consumption arises primarily from the fatty acid composition of nuts but may be caused by some other component. To evaluate this possibility we compared the effect of various nuts, against a Canola oil based cereal with a comparable fatty acid profile, on lipids, lipoproteins and fatty acids to determine whether the fatty acid profile of nuts explains their cholesterol lowering effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight men and women with mean (s.d.) levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol of 6.0 (1.1) mmol/L, and 4.1 (1.0) mmol/L, respectively and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.9 (3.2) kg/m2 took part in a randomised cross over trial. For two periods of six weeks, separated by a four-week washout, participants were asked to consume a low saturated fat diet, which included either 30 g/d nuts (nut diet) or one serving of a cereal containing Canola oil (cereal diet). There were no significant differences in the lipids, lipoproteins, plasma fatty acids or other variables between the two diets at the end of the study. Total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were lower on both experimental diets than at baseline, 0.51 mmol/L and 0.40 mmol/L (p<0.001, p<0.01), respectively on the nut diet and 0.42 mmol/L and 0.37 mmol/L (p<0.001, p<0.01), respectively on the cereal diet. CONCLUSION A 30 g serving of nuts, or a serving of a Canola oil enriched cereal with a similar fatty acid composition reduced total and LDL cholesterol to a similar extent when consumed as part of a lipid lowering diet. Results suggest that foods with a similar fatty acid composition to nuts can produce comparable decreases in lipoprotein mediated cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
|
18
|
Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat lowers plasma cholesterol concentration in participants consuming dairy fat-rich diets. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:250-7. [PMID: 14749744 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects on plasma cholesterol concentration of replacing cows' dairy fat with sheep's dairy fat. DESIGN Randomised crossover dietary intervention. SETTING General community, Dunedin, New Zealand. SUBJECTS Volunteer sample of 41 healthy adults with initial plasma cholesterol concentration between 4.8 and 7.8 mmol/l. INTERVENTIONS Participants were asked to follow a self-selected low-fat background diet throughout the study to which, during each of the 2, 3-week dairy diets, they were asked to add sheep's or cows' dairy products. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Energy and nutrient intakes, plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids, and plasma cholesterol. RESULTS Energy and nutrient intakes on the sheep-dairy and cow-dairy diets were very similar, with total, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat contributing 34, 18-19, 9, and 3% of total energy intake, respectively. Participants consumed approximately 50 g/day of dairy fat on each diet. Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat led to a 0.33 (0.11-0.56, 95% CI) mmol/l decrease (6%) in plasma total cholesterol concentration, from 5.53 (0.90, s.d.) to 5.20 (0.90) mmol/l. Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was 0.18 (0.02-0.33) mmol/l lower on the sheep-dairy diet as was the concentration of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, 0.11 (0.02-0.20) mmol/l. The LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio at the end of the sheep-dairy diet, 2.91 (1.10), was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the cow-dairy diet, 2.73 (0.83). CONCLUSIONS Within the context of a diet high in dairy fat (50 g/day), replacing cows' milk fat with sheep's milk fat leads to a small reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration, but no change in the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol.
Collapse
|
19
|
Plant sterol-enriched spread enhances the cholesterol-lowering potential of a fat-reduced diet. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:170-6. [PMID: 12548313 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2002] [Revised: 05/01/2002] [Accepted: 05/16/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on plasma cholesterol concentrations when replacing butter or a standard polyunsaturated spread in a diet containing 30% of energy fat. DESIGN Parallel butter phase followed by double-blind, randomized, cross-over polyunsaturated spread phases. SETTING General community. SUBJECTS Volunteer sample of 50 free-living men and women with mean age (s.d.) 46.7 y (10.5), moderately elevated plasma total cholesterol 5.95 mmol/l (0.78), and body mass index 26.0 (3.9) kg/m(2). INTERVENTION Participants ate a moderately low-fat diet (30% of energy) for the 11-week intervention. During the first 3 weeks the diet included 20 g per day of butter. Participants were then randomized to replace the butter with 25 g of polyunsaturated spread with or without 2 g of plant sterols for 4 weeks, crossing over in the last 4 weeks to the alternate spread. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma cholesterol and fatty acids. RESULTS Replacing butter with a standard polyunsaturated fat spread reduced mean plasma total cholesterol concentrations by 4.6% (from 6.09 (0.82) to 5.81 (0.77) mmol/l, P<0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 5.5% (from 3.98 (0.76) to 3.76 (0.74) mmol/l, P<0.05). Replacing butter with a polyunsaturated spread containing plant sterols reduced plasma total cholesterol by 8.9% (from 6.09 (0.82) to 5.55 (0.76) mmol/l, P<0.01) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12.3% (from 3.98 (0.76) to 3.49 (0.72) mmol/l, P<0.01). Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was the same on the three diets. CONCLUSION In people with moderately raised plasma cholesterol concentrations consuming reduced-fat diets the reduction in plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations achieved by replacing butter with a polyunsaturated spread is enhanced by addition of plant sterols.
Collapse
|
20
|
Assessment of three levels of folic acid on serum folate and plasma homocysteine: a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind dietary intervention trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56:748-54. [PMID: 12122551 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2001] [Revised: 11/05/2001] [Accepted: 11/12/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the minimum effective dose of folic acid required to appreciably increase serum folate and to produce a significant reduction in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). DESIGN Double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled intervention trial. SETTING Community-based project in a New Zealand city. SUBJECTS Seventy free living men and women with tHcy> or =10 micromol/l. Mean age (range) was 58 (29-90) y. INTERVENTIONS Daily consumption over 4 weeks of 20 g breakfast cereal either unfortified (placebo) or fortified with 100, 200 or 300 microg folic acid. Dietary intake was determined by weighed diet records and consumption of commercially fortified products was avoided. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma tHcy and serum folate concentrations. RESULTS Average serum folate concentrations (95% CI) increased significantly in the treatment groups relative to the control group by 28(9-51)%, 60(37-87)% and 79(51-114)% for supplementation with 100, 200 and 300 microg folic acid, respectively. A reduction in tHcy was observed, being 16(8-22)%, 12(4-18)% and 17(9-24)% in the three treatment groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A regular intake of as little as 100 microg folic acid per day was sufficient to lower tHcy in persons at the upper end of the normal range for tHcy. Low-level fortification may also be appropriate for lowering the risk of neural tube defects given that, when aggregated from all sources, the total intake of folic acid may be sufficiently high to adequately improve the folate status of young women.
Collapse
|
21
|
Comparison of a vitamin E-rich diet and supplemental vitamin E on measures of vitamin E status and lipoprotein profile. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001; 55:555-61. [PMID: 11464229 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2000] [Revised: 01/02/2001] [Accepted: 01/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether dietary modification rather than use of supplements can raise indices of vitamin E status to potentially cardioprotective levels. DESIGN Eight week randomised controlled trial with parallel treatments to compare increased use of vitamin E-rich foods, supplementation with 200 IU of vitamin E, and a placebo. SETTING Dunedin, New Zealand. SUBJECTS Ninety subjects were recruited, of whom 82 non-smoking, free-living individuals aged 22-72 y with plasma cholesterol <7.5 mmol/l completed the trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dietary intakes, plasma alpha tocopherol, plasma alpha tocopherol/cholesterol ratio and lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS Consumption of an additional 12 mg of vitamin E (alpha tocopherol equivalents) from dietary sources was primarily achieved through the replacement of saturated fat-rich foods with unsaturated fats rich in vitamin E, nuts and vegetables. This resulted in a 3.4 micromol/l increase in plasma alpha tocopherol at week 6 (95% CI 1.6-5.3), and 0.9 micromol/mmol in plasma alpha tocopherol/cholesterol at weeks 4 and 6 (95% CI 0.3-1.4 and 0.4-1.4, respectively) when compared with the placebo group. In the supplement group, plasma alpha tocopherol and plasma alpha tocopherol/cholesterol were significantly increased within 2 weeks and remained so throughout the 8 week intervention. CONCLUSION Increasing dietary vitamin E intake can increase plasma alpha tocopherol levels, although factors other than dietary intake are also important determinants. The extent of dietary modification required to achieve potentially cardioprotective levels of plasma alpha tocopherol is difficult in practice. SPONSORSHIP The study was supported through the Otago Medical Research Foundation Laurenson Award.
Collapse
|
22
|
Variants in the cholesterol ester transfer protein and lipoprotein lipase genes are predictors of plasma cholesterol response to dietary change. Atherosclerosis 2000; 152:327-36. [PMID: 10998460 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There are no definitive explanations as to why individuals with hypercholesterolemia, a major cardiovascular risk factor, respond differently to dietary change. Fifty five free-living individuals completed a double crossover trial with two dietary regimens, a high saturated fat diet (providing 21% energy from saturated fat and 3% energy from polyunsaturated fat) and a high polyunsaturated fat diet (providing 11% energy as saturated fat and 10% energy as polyunsaturated fat), each phase continuing for 4 weeks. Extensive genotyping and several measures of dietary compliance have provided further insights regarding the determinants of extent of cholesterol response to changes in the nature of dietary fat. Individuals with the CETP B1B1 genotype and the LPL X447+ allele showed an average 0. 44 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.66) and 0.45 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.72) mmol/l greater change in total cholesterol, respectively, than those with one or more CETP B2 allele or homozygous for the LPL S447 allele when comparing diets high and low in saturated fat. Indices of dietary compliance including changes in reported saturated and polyunsaturated fat intake and change in triglyceride linoleate were not significantly different between the CETP genotypes. Change in reported saturated (r=0.36, P=0.04) and polyunsaturated (r=0.22, P=0. 05) fat intake and change in triglyceride linoleate (reflecting polyunsaturated fat intake) (r=0.21, P=0.07), also predicted total cholesterol response to dietary fat changes. In multivariate analyses, variation in the cholesterol ester transfer protein and lipoprotein lipase genes predicted response independent of measures of dietary compliance, suggesting that these two genes are important determinants of variation in cholesterol response to dietary change in free-living individuals.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations are associated with increased risk of vascular disease, and there is a strong inverse association between dietary and blood folate and blood tHcy concentrations. Increased folate consumption may lower the risk of tHcy-mediated cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the most appropriate means of increasing dietary folate to reduce plasma tHcy. DESIGN Sixty-five free-living subjects aged 36-71 y with tHcy concentrations >/=9 micromol/L participated in a randomized, controlled trial to compare 3 approaches for increasing dietary folate to approximately 600 microg/d: folic acid supplementation, consumption of folic acid-fortified breakfast cereals, and increased consumption of folate-rich foods. RESULTS An intake of 437 microg folic acid/d from supplements resulted in a 27-nmol/L increase in serum folate and a 21% reduction in tHcy, relative to the change in a control group. In subjects who consumed folic acid-fortified breakfast cereal, folate intake increased by an average of 298 microg, serum folate increased by 21 nmol/L, and tHcy concentrations decreased by 24%. Increased intakes of folate-rich foods resulted in a 418-microg increase in dietary folate, a 7-nmol/L increase in serum folate, and a 9% reduction in tHcy concentrations. The decrease in tHcy was negatively correlated (r = -0.66) with the increase in serum folate. CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of folic acid-fortified breakfast cereals and the use of folic acid supplements appear to be the most effective means of reducing tHcy concentrations. The reduction in tHcy was significantly negatively correlated with the increase in serum folate, which may be a useful marker for measuring dietary change.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
A preponderance of dense low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. It has been shown that dense LDL levels can be modified by diet. We investigated the contribution of polymorphisms in the genes for apolipoprotein (apo) B, apo AIV, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) to variation in the changes in plasma concentrations of dense LDL between a high saturated and a high polyunsaturated fatty acid diet. A total of 46 freeliving individuals (19 men and 27 women) completed a crossover trial with two dietary interventions of 4 weeks each, a high saturated fat diet (providing 21% energy from saturated fat and 3% energy from polyunsaturated fat) and a high polyunsaturated fat diet (providing 11% energy as saturated fat and 10% energy as polyunsaturated fat). Overall, the change in dense LDL between the saturated and polyunsaturated fat period was 0.17+/-0.33 mmol/L and this change was similar in men and women. Of the polymorphisms studied only variation in the apo AIV gene causing the substitution of histidine for glutamine at position 360 (Q360H) was associated with significant differences in the change in dense LDL concentration. Apo AIV Q/H individuals (n=6) showed a three-fold greater change in dense LDL cholesterol unadjusted for Lp(a) levels than Q/Q individuals (0.46+/-0.27 versus 0.12+/-0.31 mmol/L, p=0.02). The greater decrease in dense LDL cholesterol with an increase in polyunsaturated fat seen in those with the apo AIV H360 variant, who represent roughly 10% of the general population, suggests that they may benefit most from a PUFA rich lipid lowering diet.
Collapse
|
25
|
Homocysteine levels in healthy New Zealanders and those with vascular disease. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1999; 112:438-42. [PMID: 10678241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Levels of plasma homocysteine (tHcy) have been shown to vary between populations. The aim of the present study was to determine tHcy levels in a New Zealand population to facilitate interpretation of international reference ranges. METHODS Fasting tHcy levels were determined in 431 volunteer men and women, aged between 17 and 83 years, from the greater Otago region. Subjects with self-reported incidences of vascular disease (n=138) were compared with healthy control subjects (n=293). RESULTS Mean (SD) fasting tHcy level of the entire population was 8.3(3.5) micromol/L and men had significantly higher levels than women (9.0(3.4) and 7.8(3.5) micromol/L, respectively, p<0.05). Levels increased significantly with increasing age (0.5 micromol/L for every ten years). There was a small but non-significant difference in tHcy levels between subjects with and without vascular disease (difference after excluding two outliers and adjusting for age and gender; 0.63, 95% CI, -0.03,1.29). tHcy levels were not significantly correlated with lipid or lipoprotein levels. CONCLUSION Levels of tHcy in a group of volunteers from the greater Otago region were similar to those reported in other populations at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Reference ranges derived from these populations would appear to be applicable for New Zealanders. tHcy measurements should be made when assessing individuals at high risk of vascular disease and intervention strategies considered.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Analysis of axon guidance mechanisms in vertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster has led to the identification of several signaling pathways, many of which are strikingly conserved in function. Recent studies indicate that several axon guidance mechanisms are highly conserved in all animals, whereas others, though still conserved in a general sense, show strong evolutionary divergence at a detailed mechanistic level.
Collapse
|
27
|
Variation in plasma cholesterol response to dietary change. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 1999; 9:176-183. [PMID: 10614059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have suggested that some individuals show an appreciably larger change in total cholesterol in response to dietary change (hyper-responders) than others (minimal responders), and also that some people are more likely to respond consistently. We have examined the role of individual dietary compliance in determining total cholesterol response to changes in the nature of dietary fat. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants completed a randomised double dietary crossover trial with a diet high in saturated fat and a diet high in polyunsaturated fat. Each period continued for four weeks without washouts. Plasma lipoproteins were measured at the end of each period. Dietary compliance was assessed by change in the reported polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio calculated from three-day diet records, and change in polyunsaturated fat intake, determined by change in plasma triglyceride linoleate. A wide range of individual responses was observed with no evidence of two distinct populations of hyper- and minimal responders. Variation in response to the three crossovers appeared to be due mainly to variation in compliance. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study do not support earlier suggestions of two separate populations of hyper and minimal responders to change in the nature of dietary fat, rather there is a graded range of response. In a free-living population, the extent to which individuals comply with dietary advice varies considerably and this contributes to the magnitude of cholesterol response as well as consistency on repeated dietary challenges.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nutritional determinants of serum triglycerides. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 1999; 9:1-8. [PMID: 10726103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
|
29
|
Abstract
It is shown that the C. elegans Pax-6 locus encodes two protein isoforms. One contains a Paired DNA binding domain as well as a homeodomain; the other consists only of the carboxy-terminal portion of the locus encoding the homeodomain. These two isoforms are expressed in a variety of postembryonic cell lineages. In one set of lineages, nuclear localization of a homeodomain-only form (MAB-18 isoform) appears to be under temporal and spatial control. Nuclear localization of MAB-18 is correlated with the genetic requirement for mab-18 and with activation of a reporter gene driven by a mab-18 promoter. Reporter gene expression is dependent on mab-18 gene activity. It is hypothesized that a positive feedback loop is activated by regulated nuclear entry.
Collapse
|
30
|
Effects of dietary coconut oil, butter and safflower oil on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and lathosterol levels. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998; 52:650-4. [PMID: 9756121 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this present study was to determine plasma levels of lathosterol, lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins during diets rich in butter, coconut fat and safflower oil. DESIGN The study consisted of sequential six week periods of diets rich in butter, coconut fat then safflower oil and measurements were made at baseline and at week 4 in each diet period. SUBJECTS Forty-one healthy Pacific island polynesians living in New Zealand participated in the trial. INTERVENTIONS Subjects were supplied with some foods rich in the test fats and were given detailed dietary advice which was reinforced regularly. RESULTS Plasma lathosterol concentration (P < 0.001), the ratio plasma lathosterol/cholesterol (P=0.04), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.001) and apoB (P<0.001) levels were significantly different among the diets and were significantly lower during coconut and safflower oil diets compared with butter diets. Plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apoA-levels were also significantly (P< or =0.001) different among the diets and were not significantly different between buffer and coconut diets. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cholesterol synthesis is lower during diets rich in coconut fat and safflower oil compared with diets rich in butter and might be associated with lower production rates of apoB-containing lipoproteins.
Collapse
|
31
|
Native American adolescents' views of fetal alcohol syndrome prevention in schools. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 1998; 68:131-136. [PMID: 9644604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1998.tb06329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is the most commonly abused substance among adolescents in the United States. Adolescent females are recognized as one group at risk for giving birth to babies with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Sixth through eighth grade Native Americans were surveyed about their attitudes toward and knowledge of FAS risk factors and prevention strategies. Data revealed that 52% of students drank alcohol prior to the survey. Though sexually active, students lacked knowledge about the relationship between alcohol and FAS. The study revealed 1) limited prevention programs in middle schools and 2) the most influential factor in determining attitudes and decisions about alcohol use was the immediate family. Students felt FAS prevention is an important topic in school health education, noting the important role peers play in teaching and role modeling. Various strategies incorporating music and communication technology such as videotape and computer-assisted interactive tools into prevention materials are discussed.
Collapse
|
32
|
A diet rich in walnuts favourably influences plasma fatty acid profile in moderately hyperlipidaemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998; 52:12-6. [PMID: 9481526 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare two low fat diets one rich in walnuts on parameters of lipid metabolism in a group of hyperlipidaemic subjects. DESIGN A randomised cross over study. SETTING Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand SUBJECTS Twenty one men with mean (s.d.) levels of total and LDL cholesterol of 6.58 (0.60) and 4.63 (0.58) respectively. INTERVENTIONS For two periods of four weeks subjects were asked to consume two low fat diets (fat 30% total energy), one containing, on average, 78 g/d walnuts. Walnuts obtained through Lincoln University and the Walnut Growers Group (South Canterbury). RESULTS Participants reported a higher total fat intake on the walnut diet (38% compared with 30% on the low fat diet P < 0.01) The most consistent change in fatty acid profile of triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester on the walnut diet was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in linoleic acid. Triacylglycerol linolenate also increased significantly (P < 0.01). Total and LDL cholesterol were lower on both experimental diets than at baseline, 0.25 mmol/l and 0.36 mmol/l respectively on the walnut diet and 0.13 mmol/l and 0.20 mmol/l respectively on the low fat diet. High density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher on both the walnut and low fat diets when compared to baseline (0.15 mmol/l and 0.12 mmol/l, respectively). When comparing the walnut and low fat diets only apo B was significantly lower (P < 0.05) on the walnut diet. CONCLUSIONS Despite an unintended increase in the total fat intake on the walnut diet, fatty acid profile of the major lipid fractions showed changes which might be expected to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. The reduction of apolipoprotein B suggests a reduction in lipoprotein mediated risk, the relatively low myristic acid content of both diets perhaps explaining the absence of more extensive differences in lipoprotein levels on the two diets.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
AIM This study set out to investigate general practitioners (GPs) views on a Mental Health Service. It seeks their views on how well the Trust is providing those services and suggestions for change and development of the service. BACKGROUND GPs are not generally regarded as consumers of services. This survey looks at GPs as both purchasers and consumers of the services provided by a NHS Trust. METHOD A short survey questionnaire which addressed the major services offered was sent to all GPs in the Grampian region. The data were analysed using non-parametric statistical techniques. FINDINGS Maybe rather surprisingly, GPs felt that the service provision overall was of a good standard. Two areas which GPs suggested required more provision were highlighted. CONCLUSION The survey was used to inform Trust Management of GPs views and as a basis for meetings with GPs about the service. As a result new services have been developed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Effect on lipoprotein profile of replacing butter with margarine in a low fat diet: randomised crossover study with hypercholesterolaemic subjects. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1996; 312:931-4. [PMID: 8616303 PMCID: PMC2350773 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.312.7036.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations when butter or an unsaturated margarine is used for cooking or spreading in a reduced fat diet. DESIGN Randomised crossover study with two intervention periods of six weeks' duration separated by a five week washout. SETTING Community setting in New Zealand. SUBJECTS 49 volunteers with polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and baseline total cholesterol concentration in the range 5.5-7.9 mmol/l. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein, Lp(a) lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B 100, and apolipoprotein A I. RESULTS Concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were about 10% lower with margarine than with butter. Lp(a) lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were similar with the two diets. CONCLUSION Despite concerns about adverse effects on lipoproteins of trans fatty acids in margarines, the use of unsaturated margarine rather than butter by hypercholesterolaemic people is associated with a lipoprotein profile that would be expected to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
|
35
|
Management of patients with dyslipidaemia. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1995; 108:444. [PMID: 7478355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
36
|
Effects of coconut oil, butter, and safflower oil on lipids and lipoproteins in persons with moderately elevated cholesterol levels. J Lipid Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
37
|
Effects of coconut oil, butter, and safflower oil on lipids and lipoproteins in persons with moderately elevated cholesterol levels. J Lipid Res 1995; 36:1787-95. [PMID: 7595099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological effects of coconut oil, butter, and safflower oil on lipids and lipoproteins have been compared in moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals. Twenty eight participants (13 men, 15 women) followed three 6-week experimental diets of similar macronutrient distribution with the different test fats providing 50% total dietary fat. Total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher (P < 0.001) on the diet containing butter [6.8 +/- 0.9, 4.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l] (mean +/- SD), respectively than on the coconut oil diet (6.4 +/- 0.8; 4.2 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) when levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than on the safflower diet (6.1 +/- 0.8; 3.9 +/- 0.7 mmol/l). Findings with regard to the other measures of lipids and lipoproteins were less consistent. Apolipoprotein A-I was significantly higher on coconut oil (157 +/- 17 mg/dl) and on butter (141 +/- 23 mg/dl) than on safflower oil (132 +/- 22 mg/dl). Apolipoprotein B was also higher on butter (86 +/- 20 mg/dl) and coconut oil (91 +/- 32 mg/dl) than on safflower oil (77 +/- 19 mg/dl). However gender differences were apparent. In the group as a whole, high density lipoprotein did not differ significantly on the three diets whereas levels in women on the butter and coconut oil diet were significantly higher than on the safflower oil diet. Triacylglycerol was higher on the butter diet than on the safflower and coconut oil diets but the difference only reached statistical significance in women. Cholesteryl ester transfer activity was significantly higher on butter than safflower oil in the group as a whole and in women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The recommendation to reduce total and saturated fat is incorporated into the dietary guidelines for the general population in many western countries. In addition, dietary modification to reduce substantially the intake of saturated fats is a cornerstone of treatment in the hyperlipidaemias. Concern has recently been expressed regarding possible deleterious effects of trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids on the lipoprotein profiles of both normo and hypercholesterolaemic persons. This review seeks to examine recent research in this area with a view to considering possible changes in the present dietary recommendations.
Collapse
|
39
|
The effect of dietary fat content on plasma noncholesterol sterol concentrations in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with simvastatin. Metabolism 1994; 43:310-4. [PMID: 8139479 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(94)90098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet (LFD) or a higher-fat, higher-cholesterol diet (HFD) on plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, lathosterol (an index of cholesterol synthesis rate), and plant sterols were determined in 19 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) treated with simvastatin. The study followed a randomized crossover design including two 8-week diet periods. The LFD significantly decreased plasma lathosterol (-22%), cholesterol (-6%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-6%), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (-7%) levels compared with the HFD. Decreases in plasma lathosterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations in patients during the LFD were significantly correlated (r = .522, n = 19, P < .05). These results suggest that a LFD may enhance the decrease in cholesterol synthesis induced by simvastatin treatment, and in this way might contribute to the decrease in plasma cholesterol levels when the fat content of the diet is reduced in simvastatin-treated FH patients.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
In insects and vertebrates, clusters of Antennapedia class homeobox (HOM-C) genes specify anteroposterior body pattern. The nematode C. elegans also contains a small cluster of HOM-C genes, one of which has been shown to specify positional identity. Here we show that two additional C. elegans HOM-C genes also specify positional identity and that together these three HOM-C genes function along the anteroposterior axis in the same order as their homologs in other organisms. Thus, HOM-C-based pattern formation has been conserved in nematodes despite the many differences in morphology and embryology that distinguish them from other phyla. Each C. elegans HOM-C gene is responsible for a distinct body region; however, where their domains overlap, two HOM-C genes can act together to specify the fates of individual cells.
Collapse
|
41
|
Dietary management of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia treated with simvastatin. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1992; 85:825-31. [PMID: 1484945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins was examined in 19 patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia treated with the HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin. The study was a randomized double-blind cross-over trial of two diets: a low fat diet and a higher fat diet, and was performed to determine whether ongoing attention to diet is necessary for patients receiving this drug for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Plasma cholesterol concentration was 6.5 per cent lower on the low fat diet than on the high fat diet. The difference was within the range predicted by the Jacobs modification of the Keys formula from the reported intake on the two diets. The fall on the low fat diet was principally accounted for by a reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, although high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 also fell. Patients taking HMGCoA reductase inhibitors for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia respond to changes in dietary fat intake. They are thus likely to achieve further reduction in their coronary heart disease risk, and should remain on a low saturated fat low cholesterol diet even when taking these powerful lipid lowering drugs.
Collapse
|
42
|
Should mono- or poly-unsaturated fats replace saturated fat in the diet? Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46:429-36. [PMID: 1639051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of diets differing in saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition (SAFA, MUFA and PUFA, respectively) on plasma lipoproteins and factor VIIc were investigated in 28 middle-aged men and women with mild to moderate hyperlipidaemia. The subjects were stabilized on a diet with a total fat content fairly typical of New Zealand, containing approximately 40% energy as fat, before entering a randomized cross-over trial of diets high in PUFA (20% energy; SAFA and MUFA 10% each) or a high MUFA diet (20% energy; SAFA and PUFA 10% each). After 6-week periods on each diet the subjects returned to a high SAFA diet. Body weight and blood pressure remained unchanged during the study. Total and LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and the HDL2 subfraction were significantly lower on both the MUFA and the PUFA diet than on SAFA. However, there were no statistically significant differences in lipoprotein concentrations on the MUFA and PUFA diet. Factor VIIc concentrations were similar on the three diets. The proportion of PUFA in a MUFA diet appears to be a major determinant of the relative lipoprotein response to such a diet. In order to avoid a reduction in HDL-C when replacing SAFA with MUFA it may be necessary to ensure that PUFA does not provide more than about 8% total energy. Thus careful planning is needed to identify the most appropriate foods to replace those rich in SAFA in diets designed to reduce the lipoprotein-mediated risk of coronary heart disease.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The tail region of C. elegans contains a number of blast cell and neuron types that either are found only in the tail, or are different from more anterior homologues. In egl-5 mutants, the fates of many of these tail cells are abnormal or transformed to those of anterior homologues. The affected cells are related only by position and not by ancestry. egl-5 is also required for normal development of the somatic gonad and sex muscles in males. The function of egl-5 in all these tissues is cell autonomous. By genetic mapping, egl-5 lies very close to mab-5, a gene with an analogous role in the immediately anterior body region. egl-5 and mab-5 may constitute a ‘mini-cluster’ of regional determination genes, similar to those described in other animal phyla.
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
|
46
|
Measurement of the 4He( gamma,p)3H total cross section and charge symmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1988; 38:1990-1995. [PMID: 9955019 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.38.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
47
|
Thin layer chromatography in dosage form development. BULLETIN OF THE PARENTERAL DRUG ASSOCIATION 1966; 20:8-14. [PMID: 5900715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|