1
|
Di Francesco G, Montesano C, Vincenti F, Bilel S, Corli G, Petrella G, Cicero DO, Gregori A, Marti M, Sergi M. Tackling new psychoactive substances through metabolomics: UHPLC-HRMS study on natural and synthetic opioids in male and female murine models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9432. [PMID: 38658766 PMCID: PMC11043364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a broad class of drugs new to the illicit market that often allow passing drug-screening tests. They are characterized by a variety of structures, rapid transience on the drug scene and mostly unknown metabolic profiles, thus creating an ever-changing scenario with evolving analytical targets. The present study aims at developing an indirect screening strategy for NPS monitoring, and specifically for new synthetic opioids (NSOs), based on assessing changes in endogenous urinary metabolite levels as a consequence of the systemic response following their intake. The experimental design involved in-vivo mice models: 16 animals of both sex received a single administration of morphine or fentanyl. Urine was collected before and after administration at different time points; the samples were then analysed with an untargeted metabolomics LC-HRMS workflow. According to our results, the intake of opioids resulted in an elevated energy demand, that was more pronounced on male animals, as evidenced by the increase in medium and long chain acylcarnitines levels. It was also shown that opioid administration disrupted the pathways related to catecholamines biosynthesis. The observed alterations were common to both morphine and fentanyl: this evidence indicate that they are not related to the chemical structure of the drug, but rather on the drug class. The proposed strategy may reinforce existing NPS screening approaches, by identifying indirect markers of drug assumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Montesano
- Department of Chemistry, University La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Greta Petrella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Department of Chemistry, University La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bassi M, Bilel S, Tirri M, Corli G, Di Rosa F, Gregori A, Alkilany AM, Rachid O, Roda E, Zauli G, Locatelli CA, Marti M. Pharmaco-toxicological effects of the novel tryptamine hallucinogen 5-MeO-MiPT on motor, sensorimotor, physiological, and cardiorespiratory parameters in mice-from a human poisoning case to the preclinical evidence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:489-511. [PMID: 38214743 PMCID: PMC10884077 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The 5-methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-MiPT, known online as "Moxy") is a new psychedelic tryptamine first identified on Italian national territory in 2014. Its hallucinogen effects are broadly well-known; however, only few information is available regarding its pharmaco-toxicological effects. OBJECTIVES Following the seizure of this new psychoactive substances by the Arm of Carabinieri and the occurrence of a human intoxication case, in the current study we had the aim to characterize the in vivo acute effects of systemic administration of 5-MeO-MiPT (0.01-30 mg/kg i.p.) on sensorimotor (visual, acoustic, and overall tactile) responses, thermoregulation, and stimulated motor activity (drag and accelerod test) in CD-1 male mice. We also evaluated variation on sensory gating (PPI, prepulse inhibition; 0.01-10 mg/kg i.p.) and on cardiorespiratory parameters (MouseOx and BP-2000; 30 mg/kg i.p.). Lastly, we investigated the in silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) profile of 5-MeO-MiPT compared to 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). RESULTS This study demonstrates that 5-MeO-MiPT dose-dependently inhibits sensorimotor and PPI responses and, at high doses, induces impairment of the stimulated motor activity and cardiorespiratory changes in mice. In silico prediction shows that the 5-MeO-MiPT toxicokinetic profile shares similarities with 5-MeO-DIPT and DMT and highlights a cytochrome risk associated with this compound. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of 5-MeO-MiPT can affect the ability to perform activities and pose a risk to human health status, as the correspondence between the effects induced in mice and the symptoms occurred in the intoxication case suggests. However, our findings suggest that 5-MeO-MiPT should not be excluded from research in the psychiatric therapy field.
Collapse
Grants
- Effects of NPS: development of a multicentre research for the information enhancement of the Early Warning System Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
- Implementation of the identification Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
- study of the effects of NPS: Development of a multicentric research to strengthen the database of the National Monitoring Centre for Drug Addiction Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
- the Early Warning System Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
- FAR 2021 Università degli Studi di Ferrara
- FAR 2022 Università degli Studi di Ferrara
- Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabiana Di Rosa
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Alaaldin M Alkilany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ousama Rachid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ficarra V, Bartoletti R, Borghesi M, Cimino S, De Nunzio C, Esperto F, Giannarini G, Gregori A, Longo N, Mirone V, Rossanese M, Scarpa R, Simonato A, Terrone C, Tubaro A, Valotto C. Radical cystectomy in octogenary, symptomatic patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancers. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)01127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
4
|
Pagano F, Vincenti F, Montesano C, Fanti F, Gregori A, Curini R, Sergi M. Oral fluid as a new investigative matrix for the determination of organic gunshot residue exposure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123477. [PMID: 36174265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, increased use of ammunition without lead and heavy metals was observed, leading to a growing interest in the detection of organic gunshot residues (OGSR) as evidence of firearms related crimes. The wide range of compounds belonging to the OGSR class hinders their mass spectrometric detection as different ionization techniques may be needed to obtain good results for all compounds. The purpose of this work was the development of a reliable analytical method by means of UHPLC-HRMS for the determination in oral fluid (OF) of the most common explosives and the most used stabilizers, arising from fire discharge and post-deflagration residues. For this purpose, SPE was used for OF clean-up before UHPLC-HRMS analysis. All target analytes were chromatographically separated by means of a Polar-C18 column. A chlorinated compound was added to the mobile phases in order to promote the formation of chloride adduct ions in the electrospray ion source operating in polarity switching to allow the best conditions for each analyte. The detection was conducted by means of a high-resolution mass spectrometer equipped with Orbitrap technology working in data dependent acquisition mode, in order to detect both the precursor ions and/or the most intense fragments for stabilizers. To verify its potential, the method was tested on real samples: a shooting session was performed in an open shooting range; the shooters fired from 2 to 20 rounds with a 9x21 caliber, thereafter OF was sampled. Samples were analyzed confirming that explosives may be detected in OF; the use of this matrix may be of great interest for investigative purposes as it is less affected by secondary transfer when compared to other commonly sampled matrices. The developed method could be a useful tool for law enforcement authorities for the detection of explosives in forensic potential scenarios, including biological matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Pagano
- Public Health and Infectious Disease Department, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Chemistry Department, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Vincenti
- Public Health and Infectious Disease Department, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Chemistry Department, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federico Fanti
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, Teramo, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Curini
- Chemistry Department, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sighinolfi M, Dourado A, Assumma S, Cassani A, Annino F, Patel V, Annino F, Patel V, Moschovas M, Cacciamani G, Bozzini G, Gregori A, Morini E, Simoes J, Eissa A, Puliatti S, Sarchi L, Micali S, Rocco B. The role of 3-D imaging reconstruction in real-life urologic practice: Results from a global survey. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
6
|
Vincenti F, Montesano C, Pirau S, Gregori A, Di Rosa F, Curini R, Sergi M. Simultaneous Quantification of 25 Fentanyl Derivatives and Metabolites in Oral Fluid by Means of Microextraction on Packed Sorbent and LC-HRMS/MS Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195870. [PMID: 34641416 PMCID: PMC8512571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl and fentalogs’ intake as drugs of abuse is experiencing a great increase in recent years. For this reason, there are more and more cases in which it is important to recognize and quantify these molecules and related metabolites in biological matrices. Oral fluid (OF) is often used to find out if a subject has recently used a psychoactive substance and if, therefore, the person is still under the effect of psychotropics. Given its difficulty in handling, good sample preparation and the development of instrumental methods for analysis are essential. In this work, an analytical method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of 25 analytes, including fentanyl, several derivatives and metabolites. OF was collected by means of passive drool; sample pretreatment was developed in order to be fast, simple and possibly semi-automated by exploiting microextraction on packed sorbent (MEPS). The analysis was performed by means of LC–HRMS/MS obtaining good identification and quantification of all the analytes in less than 10 min. The proposed method was fully validated according to the Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology (SWGTOX) international guidelines. Good results were obtained in terms of recoveries, matrix effect and sensitivity, showing that this method could represent a useful tool in forensic toxicology. The presented method was successfully applied to the analysis of proficiency test samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Vincenti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (S.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Montesano
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (S.P.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.S.); Tel.: +39-064-9913-559 (C.M.); +39-086-1266-949 (M.S.)
| | - Svetlana Pirau
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (S.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, 00191 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Fabiana Di Rosa
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, 00191 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Roberta Curini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (S.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.S.); Tel.: +39-064-9913-559 (C.M.); +39-086-1266-949 (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vincenti F, Gregori A, Flammini M, Di Rosa F, Salomone A. Seizures of New Psychoactive Substances on the Italian territory during the COVID-19 pandemic. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 326:110904. [PMID: 34371393 PMCID: PMC8411784 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the availability and the consequent consumption of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) have proliferated at an unprecedented rate, posing a significant risk to the public health and challenging the law enforcement efforts to tackle the black market. In particular, large availability on Internet and unmonitored shipping have facilitated the diffusion of NPS on national territories. In this scenario, the forensic activity based on the process of drug detection, including investigation, seizure, recognition and analytical identification is crucial to get insights into the drug black market transformation. In this study, we describe the results obtained from the analysis of hundreds of packages seized during the months of year 2020, and suspected to contain NPS because not reacting with standard field test kits. We focused on the analysis by GC-MS and HPLC-HRMS, and NPS in particular, trying to underline the most common molecules present on the Italian territory during the COVID-19 pandemic. NPS were identified in 92.6% of the samples. The most prevalent compounds were synthetic cathinones, and 3-MMC in particular, which alone accounted for 18.6% of the total cases. Other prevalent molecules were 5F-MDMB-PICA, 2-FDCK, 1cp-LSD and 1P-LSD. Fentanyl was never detected. The information obtained from drug seizures is crucial to publish national alerts, which are in turn important to assist the legislative effort to ban new compounds and the update of toxicological and analytical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Vincenti
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemistry, 00185 Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Flammini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabiana Di Rosa
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vincenti F, Montesano C, Babino P, Carboni S, Napoletano S, De Sangro G, Di Rosa F, Gregori A, Curini R, Sergi M. Finding evidence at a crime scene: Sensitive determination of benzodiazepine residues in drink and food paraphernalia by HPLC-HRMS/MS. Forensic Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
9
|
Vincenti F, Montesano C, Di Ottavio F, Gregori A, Compagnone D, Sergi M, Dorrestein P. Molecular Networking: A Useful Tool for the Identification of New Psychoactive Substances in Seizures by LC-HRMS. Front Chem 2020; 8:572952. [PMID: 33324608 PMCID: PMC7723841 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.572952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are a global concern since they are spreading at an unprecedented rate. Despite their commerce still being limited compared to traditional illicit drugs, the identification of NPS in seizures may represent a challenge because of the variety of possible structures. In this study we report the successful application of molecular networking (MN) to identify unexpected fentanyl analogs in two seizures. The samples were extracted with 1 mL of methanol and analyzed with an untargeted data-dependent acquisition approach by LC–HRMS. The obtained data were examined using the MN workflow within the Global Natural Product Search (GNPS). A job was submitted to GNPS by including both seizures and standard mixtures containing synthetic cannabinoids and fentanyls raw files; spectra obtained from standards were used to establish representative networks for both molecular classes. All synthetic cannabinoids in the mixture were linked together resulting in a molecular network despite their different fragmentation spectra. Looking at fentanyls, all the molecules with the typical 188.143 and 105.070 fragments were combined in a representative network. By exploiting the standard networks two unexpected fentanyls were found in the analyzed seizures and were putatively annotated as para-fluorofuranylfentanyl and (iso)butyrylfentanyl. The identity of these two fentanyl analogs was confirmed by NMR analysis. Other m/z ratios in the seizures were compatible with fentanyl derivatives; however, they appeared to be minor constituents, probably impurities or synthetic byproducts. The latter might be of interest for investigations of common fingerprints among different seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Vincenti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Di Ottavio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Pieter Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Incarbone G, Granata A, Petrainas V, Ranzoni S, Romanò A, Marchesotti F, Gregori A. Transvaginal martius fat flap technique for neobladder vaginal fistulae an old technique for a renewed complication. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)35648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
11
|
Abrate A, Sessa F, Sessa M, Campi R, Sebastianelli A, Preto M, Olivero A, Varca V, Benelli A, Pavone C, Serretta V, Vella M, Brunocilla E, Serni S, Trombetta C, Terrone C, Gregori A, Lissiani A, Gontero P, Schiavina R, Gacci M, Simonato A. Segmental ureterectomy vs radical nephroureterectomy in elderly patients treated for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
12
|
Bilel S, Azevedo NJ, Arfè R, Tirri M, Gregori A, Serpelloni G, De-Giorgio F, Frisoni P, Neri M, Calò G, Marti M. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the synthetic opioid MT-45. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108110. [PMID: 32344007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
MT-45 is a synthetic opioid that was developed in the 1970s as an analgesic compound. However, in recent years MT-45 has been associated with multiple deaths in Europe and has been included in the class of novel psychoactive substances known as novel synthetic opioids (NSOs). Little is known about the pharmaco-toxicological effects of MT-45. Therefore, we used a dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assay to investigate the pharmacodynamic profile of this NSO in vitro compared with morphine. We then used in vivo studies to investigate the effect of the acute systemic administration of MT-45 (0.01-15 mg/kg i.p.) on motor and sensorimotor (visual, acoustic and tactile) responses, mechanical and thermal analgesia, muscle strength and body temperature in CD-1 male mice. Higher doses of MT-45 (6-30 mg/kg i.p.) were used to investigate cardiorespiratory changes (heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO2 saturation and pulse distention). All effects of MT-45 were compared with those of morphine. In vitro DMR assay results demonstrated that at human recombinant opioid receptors MT-45 behaves as a potent selective mu agonist with a slightly higher efficacy than morphine. In vivo results showed that MT-45 progressively induces tail elevation at the lowest dose tested (0.01 mg/kg), increased mechanical and thermal antinociception (starting from 1 to 6 mg/kg), decreased visual sensorimotor responses (starting from 3 to 6 mg/kg) and reduced tactile responses, modulated motor performance and induced muscle rigidity at higher doses (15 mg/kg). In addition, at higher doses (15-30 mg/kg) MT-45 impaired the cardiorespiratory functions. All effects were prevented by the administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. These findings reveal the risks associated with the ingestion of opioids and the importance of studying these drugs and undertaking more clinical studies of the current molecules to better understand possible therapeutic interventions in the case of toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bilel
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - N J Azevedo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Arfè
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - M Tirri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Gregori
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - G Serpelloni
- Department of Psychiatry in the College of Medicine, Drug Policy Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - F De-Giorgio
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - P Frisoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Calò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Marti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy; Collaborative Center of the National Early Warning System, Department for Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ossato A, Bilel S, Gregori A, Talarico A, Trapella C, Gaudio RM, De-Giorgio F, Tagliaro F, Neri M, Fattore L, Marti M. Neurological, sensorimotor and cardiorespiratory alterations induced by methoxetamine, ketamine and phencyclidine in mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:167-180. [PMID: 30165078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances are intoxicating compounds developed to mimic the effects of well-established drugs of abuse. They are not controlled by the United Nations drug convention and pose serious health concerns worldwide. Among them, the dissociative drug methoxetamine (MXE) is structurally similar to ketamine (KET) and phencyclidine (PCP) and was created to purposely mimic the psychotropic effects of its "parent" compounds. Recent animal studies show that MXE is able to stimulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission and to induce KET-like discriminative and rewarding effects. In light of the renewed interest in KET and PCP analogs, we decided to deepen the investigation of MXE-induced effects by a battery of behavioral tests widely used in studies of "safety-pharmacology" for the preclinical characterization of new molecules. To this purpose, the acute effects of MXE on neurological and sensorimotor functions in mice, including visual, acoustic and tactile responses, thermal and mechanical pain, motor activity and acoustic startle reactivity were evaluated in comparisons with KET and PCP to better appreciate its specificity of action. Cardiorespiratory parameters and blood pressure were also monitored in awake and freely moving animals. Acute systemic administrations of MXE, KET and PCP (0.01-30 mg/kg i.p.) differentially alter neurological and sensorimotor functions in mice depending in a dose-dependent manner specific for each parameter examined. MXE and KET (1 and 30 mg/kg i.p.) and PCP (1 and 10 mg/kg i.p.) also affect significantly cardiorespiratory parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ossato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Talarico
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Gaudio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Forensic Pathology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio De-Giorgio
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico ''G.B. Rossi'', Verona, Italy; Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council (CNR), Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy; Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Risoluti R, Gregori A, Schiavone S, Materazzi S. “Click and Screen” Technology for the Detection of Explosives on Human Hands by a Portable MicroNIR–Chemometrics Platform. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4288-4292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Scientific Investigation Department, Carabinieri RIS, Viale Tor di Quinto 151, 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Schiavone
- Scientific Investigation Department, Carabinieri RIS, Viale Tor di Quinto 151, 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Materazzi
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Montesano C, Vannutelli G, Fanti F, Vincenti F, Gregori A, Rita Togna A, Canazza I, Marti M, Sergi M. Identification of MT-45 Metabolites: In Silico Prediction, In Vitro Incubation with Rat Hepatocytes and In Vivo Confirmation. J Anal Toxicol 2017; 41:688-697. [PMID: 28985323 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MT-45 is a synthetic opioid with a pharmacological activity comparable to morphine and it has been involved in intoxications and fatalities reported in Europe and in USA. It was recently subject to control measures, but to date the metabolic pathways of the substance are still unknown. Using rat hepatocytes and LC-HRMS, 14 novel Phase I and II MT-45 metabolites were identified, products of monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation and N-dealkylation; glucuronide conjugation of mono- and dihydroxylated metabolites also occurred. The detected metabolites were firstly predicted in silico, then incubation of the drug with rat hepatocytes was carried out and the obtained metabolites were identified by LC-HRMS, with retention times, mass shift between theoretical mass and observed mass (<5 ppm), peak abundance and fragmentation pattern. Hydroxylated MT-45 was found to be the major metabolite of MT-45 in vitro experiments. The presence of all metabolites was confirmed by in vivo experiments in urine samples of CD-1 male mice; in these samples hydroxy-MT-45-glucuronide and di-hydroxy-MT-45-glucuronide are the most abundant metabolites, while the parent drug is found at concentration <10 ng mL-1 after 300 min. The knowledge of Phase I and II MT-45 metabolite structure is then crucial to develop analytical methods to identify MT-45 consumption in clinical and forensic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Montesano
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Vannutelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Fanti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Vincenti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, Viale di Tor di Quinto, 151, 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Togna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Canazza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Materazzi S, Gregori A, Ripani L, Apriceno A, Risoluti R. Cocaine profiling: Implementation of a predictive model by ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometrics in forensic chemistry. Talanta 2017; 166:328-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
17
|
Canazza I, Ossato A, Vincenzi F, Gregori A, Di Rosa F, Nigro F, Rimessi A, Pinton P, Varani K, Borea PA, Marti M. Pharmaco-toxicological effects of the novel third-generation fluorinate synthetic cannabinoids, 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 in mice. In vitro and in vivo studies. Hum Psychopharmacol 2017; 32. [PMID: 28597570 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 are 3 novel third-generation fluorinate synthetic cannabinoids that are illegally marketed as incense, herbal preparations, or research chemicals for their psychoactive cannabis-like effects. METHODS The present study aims at investigating the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 in male CD-1 mice, comparing their in vivo effects with those caused by the administration of Δ9 -THC and JWH-018. In vitro competition binding experiments revealed a nanomolar affinity and potency of the 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 on mouse and human CB1 and CB2 receptors. Moreover, these synthetic cannabinoids induced neurotoxicity in murine neuro-2a cells. RESULTS In vivo studies showed that 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 induced hypothermia; increased pain threshold to both noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli; caused catalepsy; reduced motor activity; impaired sensorimotor responses (visual, acoustic, and tactile); caused seizures, myoclonia, and hyperreflexia; and promoted aggressiveness in mice. Behavioral and neurological effects were fully prevented by the selective CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM 251. Differently, the visual sensory response induced by STS-135 was only partly prevented by the AM 251, suggesting a CB1 -independent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the present study demonstrates the pharmaco-toxicological effects induced by the administration of 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 in mice and suggests their possible detrimental effects on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Canazza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ossato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Di Rosa
- Carabinieri, Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Nigro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Materazzi S, Gregori A, Ripani L, Apriceno A, Risoluti R. Cocaine profiling: Implementation of a predictive model by ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometrics in forensic chemistry. Talanta 2017. [PMID: 28213242 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.045.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a strategy based on Infrared Spectroscopy with Fourier Transformed and Attenuated Total Reflectance associated with chemometrics (ATR-FTIR) is proposed to identify the chemical "fingerprint" of cocaine samples. To this end, standard mixtures of cocaine and cuttings at differents ratio were investigated in order to develop a multivariate classification model to simultaneously predict the composition of the samples and to obtain a profile of adulteration of cocaine seizures. In addition, the application of a Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) calibration approaches were found to be a useful tool to predict the content of cocaine, caffeine, procaine, lidocaine and phenacetin in drug seizures. The achieved results on real confiscated samples, in cooperation with the Italian Scientific Investigation Department (Carabinieri-RIS) of Rome, allow to consider ATR-FTIR followed to chemometrics as a promising forensic tool in such situations involving profile comparisons and supporting forensic investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Materazzi
- Department of Chemistry - "Sapienza" University of Rome, p.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Carabinieri RIS - Scientific Investigation Department - v.le Tor di Quinto, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ripani
- Carabinieri RIS - Scientific Investigation Department - v.le Tor di Quinto, Rome, Italy
| | - Azzurra Apriceno
- Department of Chemistry - "Sapienza" University of Rome, p.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry - "Sapienza" University of Rome, p.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pichini S, Busardò FP, Gregori A, Berretta P, Gentili S, Pacifici R. Purity and adulterant analysis of some recent drug seizures in Italy. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:485-490. [PMID: 27860443 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The data collected in this study describe an initial attempt to systematically introduce the qualitative and quantitative analysis of adulterants present in seized street drugs in Italy with the aim of improving surveillance and data sharing and for this purpose, the implementation of validated and standardized procedures are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pichini
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Sezione di Chimica, Esplosivi ed Infiammabili, R.I.S., Roma
| | - Paolo Berretta
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gentili
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Canazza I, Ossato A, Trapella C, Fantinati A, De Luca MA, Margiani G, Vincenzi F, Rimondo C, Di Rosa F, Gregori A, Varani K, Borea PA, Serpelloni G, Marti M. Effect of the novel synthetic cannabinoids AKB48 and 5F-AKB48 on "tetrad", sensorimotor, neurological and neurochemical responses in mice. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3685-3709. [PMID: 27527584 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AKB48 and its fluorinate derivate 5F-AKB48 are two novel synthetic cannabinoids belonging to a structural class with an indazole core structure. They are marketed as incense, herbal preparations or chemical supply for their psychoactive Cannabis-like effects. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at investigating the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of AKB48 and 5F-AKB48 in male CD-1 mice and comparing their in vivo effects with those caused by the administration of Δ9-THC and JWH-018. RESULTS In vitro competition binding experiments performed on mouse and human CB1 and CB2 receptors revealed a nanomolar affinity and potency of the AKB48 and 5F-AKB48. In vivo studies showed that AKB48 and 5F-AKB48, induced hypothermia, increased pain threshold to both noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli, caused catalepsy, reduced motor activity, impaired sensorimotor responses (visual, acoustic and tactile), caused seizures, myoclonia, hyperreflexia and promoted aggressiveness in mice. Moreover, microdialysis study in freely moving mice showed that systemic administration of AKB48 and 5F-AKB48 stimulated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Behavioural, neurological and neurochemical effects were fully prevented by the selective CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM 251. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the present study demonstrates the overall pharmacological effects induced by the administration of AKB48 and 5F-AKB48 in mice and suggests that the fluorination can increase the power and/or effectiveness of SCBs. Furthermore, this study outlines the potential detrimental effects of SCBs on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Canazza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Ossato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Margiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Rimondo
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabiana Di Rosa
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Serpelloni
- U.R.I.To.N., Forensic Toxicology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. .,Center for Neuroscience and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, ᅟ, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Montesano C, Vannutelli G, Massa M, Simeoni MC, Gregori A, Ripani L, Compagnone D, Curini R, Sergi M. Multi-class analysis of new psychoactive substances and metabolites in hair by pressurized liquid extraction coupled to HPLC-HRMS. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:798-807. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Montesano
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; 00185 Rome Italy
| | | | - Maristella Massa
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Simeoni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; 64023 Mosciano Sant'Angelo TE Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS); Carabinieri; 00191 Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Ripani
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS); Carabinieri; 00191 Rome Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; 64023 Mosciano Sant'Angelo TE Italy
| | - Roberta Curini
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; 64023 Mosciano Sant'Angelo TE Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Montesano C, Vannutelli G, Gregori A, Ripani L, Compagnone D, Curini R, Sergi M. Broad Screening and Identification of Novel Psychoactive Substances in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Post-run Library Matching. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:519-28. [PMID: 27466313 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse is today a growing global problem. Often the consumers are not aware about the type of substances they are using and the correlated risks. In recent years, new psychoactive substances (NPS) appeared in the illicit market. The presence of NPS, such as synthetic cathinones, cannabinoids and phenethylamines, which are known to be pharmacologically and toxicologically hazardous, has been frequently reported. The aim of this study was the development of a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for a broad screening of NPS in plasma. Data acquisition was in MS/MS and full-scan modes and the method was validated for 25 NPS belonging to different chemical classes. Quantitative results have been obtained for these analytes with limits of quantification ranging from 0.03 to 0.4 ng/mL. The method was proven to be suitable for the screening of additional substances; to this aim, a post-run library matching was conducted for every sample with an in-house database containing over 300 NPS and known metabolites. The library may be constantly expanded with new drugs, in order to obtain a broad screening of NPS in biological matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Montesano
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Vannutelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, Viale di Tor di Quinto 119, 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ripani
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, Viale di Tor di Quinto 119, 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano Sant'Angelo, TE, Italy
| | - Roberta Curini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via C. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano Sant'Angelo, TE, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) is spreading as the tool of choice for fast and non-destructive analysis and detection of different compounds in complex matrices. This paper investigated the feasibility of using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled to chemometrics calibration to detect new psychoactive substances in street samples. The capabilities of this approach in forensic chemistry were assessed in the determination of new molecules appeared in the illicit market and often claimed to contain "non-illegal" compounds, although exhibiting important psychoactive effects. The study focused on synthetic molecules belonging to the classes of synthetic cannabinoids and phenethylamines. The approach was validated comparing results with officials methods and has been successfully applied for "in site" determination of illicit drugs in confiscated real samples, in cooperation with the Scientific Investigation Department (Carabinieri-RIS) of Rome. The achieved results allow to consider NIR spectroscopy analysis followed by chemometrics as a fast, cost-effective and useful tool for the preliminary determination of new psychoactive substances in forensic science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry - "Sapienza" University of Rome, p.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - S Materazzi
- Department of Chemistry - "Sapienza" University of Rome, p.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A Gregori
- Carabinieri RIS, Scientific Investigation Department, v.le Tor di Quinto, Rome, Italy
| | - L Ripani
- Carabinieri RIS, Scientific Investigation Department, v.le Tor di Quinto, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Risoluti R, Materazzi S, Gregori A, Ripani L. Early detection of emerging street drugs by near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Talanta 2016; 153:407-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Scarcella C, Gregori A, Leonardi L, Orizio G, Speziani F, Tenchini G. Food safety: enviromental contaminants transfer evaluation in highly polluted areas in Brescia IT. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv172.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
27
|
Montesano C, Simeoni MC, Vannutelli G, Gregori A, Ripani L, Sergi M, Compagnone D, Curini R. Pressurized liquid extraction for the determination of cannabinoids and metabolites in hair: Detection of cut-off values by high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
28
|
Bianchi F, Bedini A, Riboni N, Pinalli R, Gregori A, Sidisky L, Dalcanale E, Careri M. Cavitand-based solid-phase microextraction coating for the selective detection of nitroaromatic explosives in air and soil. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10646-52. [PMID: 25303228 DOI: 10.1021/ac5025045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A selective cavitand-based solid-phase microextraction coating was synthesized for the determination of nitroaromatic explosives and explosive taggants at trace levels in air and soil. A quinoxaline cavitand functionalized with a carboxylic group at the upper rim was used to enhance selectivity toward analytes containing nitro groups. The fibers were characterized in terms of film thickness, morphology, thermal stability, and pH resistance. An average coating thickness of 50 (±4) μm, a thermal stability until 400 °C, and an excellent fiber-to-fiber and batch to batch repeatability with RSD lower than 4% were obtained. The capabilities of the developed coating for the selective sampling of nitroaromatic explosives were proved achieving LOD values in the low ppbv and ng kg(-1) range, respectively, for air and soil samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM, UdR Parma, Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bianchi F, Gregori A, Braun G, Crescenzi C, Careri M. Micro-solid-phase extraction coupled to desorption electrospray ionization–high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of explosives in soil. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:931-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
30
|
Strano Rossi S, Odoardi S, Gregori A, Peluso G, Ripani L, Ortar G, Serpelloni G, Romolo FS. An analytical approach to the forensic identification of different classes of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) in seized materials. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2014; 28:1904-1916. [PMID: 25088134 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE New psychoactive substances (NPSs) are rapidly spreading worldwide, and forensic laboratories are often requested to identify new substances for which no reference standards or analytical data are available. This article describes an analytical approach that was adopted in Italy by a few collaborative centres of the Italian Early Warning System for Drugs, which has contributed many alerts for the identification of different classes of NPSs in the last 24 months. METHODS Seized crystals and powders were initially analysed via single quadrupole gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), followed by liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) in the positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) mode at 100,000 full width at half maximum resolution (FWHM) without fragmentation to elucidate the elemental compositions of unknown molecules. Different fragmentation voltages during LC/HRMS were applied to study the accurate masses of the obtained characteristic fragments. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses were performed to identify specific isomers when necessary. RESULTS Some interesting examples of unknown NPSs from seizures later identified in our laboratories are reported, with special focus on those cases where analytical standards were not available during analyses. These cases include cathinones, such as 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC), methylone, bk-MBDB (butylone), 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), flephedrone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and pentedrone, methoxetamine, apinaca or AKB48, benzydamine, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), 5-MeO-N,N-dialkyl tryptamines, such as 5-MeO-DALT and 5-MeOMIPT, benzofurans, such as 6-APB and 4-APB, and diphenidine (identified for the first time in Europe). CONCLUSIONS The identification of NPSs in confiscated materials was successfully achieved via GC/MS coupled with LC/HRMS and, in a few cases, NMR analyses. The availability of GC/MS libraries is of great assistance in the identification of new drugs. Alternatively, the study of characteristic molecule fragments combined with the determination of their accurate masses can be a useful approach to identify unknown samples not previously analysed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Strano Rossi
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gregori A, Damiano F, Bonavia M, Mileo V, Varani F, Monfreda M. Identification of two cannabimimetic compounds WIN48098 and AM679 in illegal products. Sci Justice 2013; 53:286-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Simonato A, Varca V, Gregori A, Benelli A, Ennas M, Lissiani A, Gacci M, De Stefani S, Rosso M, Benvenuto S, Siena G, Belgrano E, Gaboardi F, Carini M, Bianchi G, Carmignani G. Elective segmental ureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter: long-term follow-up in a series of 73 patients. BJU Int 2012; 110:E744-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Dancer SJ, Stewart M, Coulombe C, Gregori A, Virdi M. Surgical site infections linked to contaminated surgical instruments. J Hosp Infect 2012; 81:231-8. [PMID: 22704634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes an investigation into a sudden increase in surgical site infection rate following 'clean' surgery. The outbreak involved 15 orthopaedic patients following metal insertion, and five ophthalmology patients who developed endophthalmitis. AIM An outbreak committee was convened in order to find the cause of the sudden increase in surgical infections. METHODS The investigation included epidemiological and patient analyses, and environmental and clinical audits of wards and theatres. Following reports of contaminated surgical sets, surgical instruments and their packaging were examined using a standardized laboratory protocol. Clinical staff visited the sterilization plant. FINDINGS Skin flora including coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Bacillus spp. were recovered from a range of patient specimens. Eleven patients required further surgical attention. Microbiological processing of surgical packs revealed CoNS and Bacillus spp. from inner packaging as well as from instruments themselves. Inspection of the sterilization plant highlighted inadequate maintenance of autoclave components and poor handling practices by staff. This was compounded by lapses in inspection of surgical sets by theatre staff. Cases terminated following a review of operator training, supervision and staffing at the sterilization plant, in conjunction with formal inspection and reporting of damp/stained sets by theatre staff. CONCLUSIONS Post-sterilization contamination of sets containing surgical instruments was linked with an increased rate of deep surgical site infections in orthopaedic and ophthalmic patients. The investigation demonstrates the importance of close collaboration and co-operation between sterile services providers, managers and clinical staff and offers guidance for reducing the risk of contaminated sterile surgical instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Dancer
- Department of Microbiology, NHS Lanarkshire, Hairmyres Hospital, East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Monfreda M, Gregori A. Differentiation of Unevaporated Gasoline Samples According to Their Brands, by SPME-GC-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. J Forensic Sci 2011; 56:372-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Dancer S, Stewart M, Coulombe C, Gregori A, Virdi M, Allen D. OB2.1 Investigation of increased surgical site infections among orthopaedic and ophthalmology patients. J Hosp Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(10)60028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
36
|
Granata A, Scieri F, Gregori A, Incarbone G, Romanò A, Salvaggio A, Pietrantuono F, Gaboardi F. V14 ISOBARIC LAPARASCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY WITH THE “LAPARO-TENSER” SYSTEM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(09)61031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between a number of patient and management variables and mortality after surgery for fracture of the hip. Data relating to 18 817 patients were obtained from the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit database. We divided variables into two categories, depending on whether they were case-mix (age; gender; fracture type; pre-fracture residence; pre-fracture mobility and ASA scores) or management variables (time from fracture to surgery; time from admission to surgery; grade of surgical and anaesthetic staff undertaking the procedure and anaesthetic technique). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that all case-mix variables were strongly associated with post-operative mortality, even when controlling for the effects of the remaining variables. Inclusion of the management variables into the case-mix base regression model provided no significant improvement to the model. Patient case-mix variables have the most significant effect on post-operative mortality and unfortunately such variables cannot be modified by pre-operative medical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Holt
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hairmyres Hospital, Eaglesham Road, East Kilbride G75 8RG, UK
| | - R. Smith
- Scottish Hip Fracture Audit Healthcare Information Group, Information Services Division NHS National Services Scotland, Gyle Square, 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh EH12 9EB, UK
| | - K. Duncan
- Scottish Hip Fracture Audit Healthcare Information Group, Information Services Division NHS National Services Scotland, Gyle Square, 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh EH12 9EB, UK
| | - D. F. Finlayson
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Old Perth Road, Inverness IV2 3UJ, UK
| | - A. Gregori
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hairmyres Hospital, Eaglesham Road, East Kilbride G75 8RG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a consequence of changes in population demographics, the extremely elderly represent one of the fastest growing groups in Western society. Previous studies have associated advanced age with increased mortality after hip fracture; however, this finding has not been consistent. METHODS The Scottish Hip Fracture Audit is a prospective, national, multicenter study that collects data on patients over the age of fifty years who are admitted to the hospital with a hip fracture. For the present study, we used data collected from twenty-two acute-care orthopaedic units between January 1998 and December 2005. The extremely elderly cohort consisted of 919 individuals with an age of ninety-five years or more. Case-mix variables and outcomes were compared with those for a modal control group of 15,461 individuals who were seventy-five to eighty-nine years of age. Outcome measures included thirty and 120-day mortality rates, the length of the hospital stay, the place of residence, and mobility. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare outcomes between groups while controlling for significant case-mix variables. RESULTS The extremely elderly presented with poorer indicators of health status as demonstrated by higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores. In addition, this group was less likely to be independently mobile and more likely to be in institutional care at the time of the fracture (p < 0.001). Mortality at thirty and 120 days was higher in the extremely elderly even after adjusting for case-mix variables. The extremely elderly also were less likely to return home or to return to previous levels of mobility. CONCLUSIONS Although the extremely elderly exhibited a higher prevalence of prefracture indicators of poor outcome, statistical control for these case-mix variables showed further age-related deterioration in survival and outcomes after surgery for the treatment of a hip fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Holt
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hairmyres Hospital, Eaglesham Road, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 8RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Holt G, Smith R, Duncan K, Hutchison JD, Gregori A. Gender differences in epidemiology and outcome after hip fracture: evidence from the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 90:480-3. [PMID: 18378923 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.90b4.20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report gender differences in the epidemiology and outcome after hip fracture from the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit, with data on admission and at 120 days follow-up from 22 orthopaedic units across the country between 1998 and 2005. Outcome measures included early mortality, length of hospital stay, 120-day residence and mobility. A multivariate logistic regression model compared outcomes between genders. The study comprised 25 649 patients of whom 5674 (22%) were men and 19 975 (78%) were women. The men were in poorer pre-operative health, despite being younger at presentation (mean 77 years (60 to 101) vs 81 years (50 to 106)). Pre-fracture residence and mobility were similar between genders. Multivariate analysis indicated that the men were less likely to return to their home or mobilise independently at the 120-day follow-up. Mortality at 30 and 120 days was higher for men, even after differences in case-mix variables between genders were considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Holt
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hairmyres Hospital, Eaglesham Road, East Kilbride, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nanetti L, Vignini A, Gregori A, Raffaelli F, Moroni C, Bertoli E, Faloia E, Mazzanti L. Effect of consumption of dark chocolate on lipoproteins and serum lipids. Mediterr J Nutr Metab 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-008-0004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
41
|
Nanetti L, Vignini A, Gregori A, Raffaelli F, Moroni C, Bertoli E, Faloia E, Mazzanti L. Effect of consumption of dark chocolate on lipoproteins and serum lipids. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2008. [DOI: 10.3233/s12349-008-0004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Nanetti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via P. Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy. e-mail:
| | - A. Vignini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via P. Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy. e-mail:
| | - A. Gregori
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - F. Raffaelli
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via P. Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy. e-mail:
| | - C. Moroni
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via P. Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy. e-mail:
| | - E. Bertoli
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via P. Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy. e-mail:
| | - E. Faloia
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - L. Mazzanti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via P. Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nunn T, Baird C, Robertson D, Gray I, Gregori A. Fitness to drive in a below knee plaster? An evidence based response. Injury 2007; 38:1305-7. [PMID: 17640642 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is no published work addressing the safety of driving with a below knee cast. We assessed the effect of below knee casts on driving ability and therefore safety. The study gives doctors the evidence base on which to appropriately advise patients regarding driving safety in below knee plaster casts. With the help of the regional Police Force Training and Recruitment Centre, two subjects were assessed in a variety of below knee casts in both manual and automatic vehicles. One of the subjects was a highly trained police driver the other one of the medical authors. All assessments were carried out by a trained police advanced driver. With the exception of a left sided below knee cast in a automatic transmission vehicle all types of below knee casts were deemed a significant impairment and therefore unsafe to drive in. The DVLA has no guidelines regarding driving with a plaster cast. The decision of whether or not a patient can drive safely can now be taken out of the hands of the medical practitioner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nunn
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hairmyres Hospital, Eaglesham Road, East Kilbride G75 8RG, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
De Santis A, Gregori A, Rocca D. Nearest neighbour contributions to the atom-atom pair distribution functions of liquid iodine and chlorine. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979200100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
44
|
Walker CA, Gregori A, O'Connor P, Jaques K, Joseph R. Sick notes, general practitioners, emergency departments and fracture clinics. Emerg Med J 2007; 24:31-2. [PMID: 17183039 PMCID: PMC2658149 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2006.042960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioner waiting times are increasing. The two national surveys regarding general practice showed that the number of patients waiting for >or=2 days for an appointment rose from 63% to 72% between 1998 and 2002, with 25% waiting for >or=4 days. The Department of Health recognised that many patients discharged from hospitals and outpatient clinics required to visit their general practitioner for the sole purpose of obtaining a sick note. The report entitled Making a difference: reducing general practitioner paperwork estimated that 518 000 appointments (and 42 000 GP h) could be saved by ensuring that these patients were issued with a sick note directly from hospital rather than being referred to their general practitioner. This practice was to be adopted from July 2001 and included patients discharged from wards as well as those seen in outpatient departments. METHOD 50 emergency departments and fracture clinics in Scotland and England were contacted to assess whether these guidelines had been adopted. Only hospitals with both accident and emergency and fracture clinics were included; nurse-led and paediatric departments were excluded. RESULTS Of the 25 Scottish emergency hospitals contacted, 4 (16%) accident and emergency departments and 8 (32%) fracture clinics issued sick notes. This was compared with 5 of 25 (20%) accident and emergency departments and 12 of 25 (48%) fracture clinics in England. Four Scottish and five English accident and emergency departments stated that it was policy to give sick notes, three Scottish and four English departments said that it was policy not to give them and the rest (72% in Scotland and 64% in England) stated that they had no clear policy but "just don't give them". CONCLUSION The 2001 guidance from the joint Cabinet Office/Department of Health has not been fully incorporated into standard practice in Scotland and England. If all emergency departments and fracture clinics were to issue sick notes to patients requiring >7 days absence from work, this could reduce general practitioner consultations and improve waiting times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Walker
- Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hairmyres Hospital, East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- A. De Santis
- a Facoltà di Agraria , Università della Tuscia via S. C. De Lellis , 01100 , Viterbo , Italy
| | - A. Gregori
- a Facoltà di Agraria , Università della Tuscia via S. C. De Lellis , 01100 , Viterbo , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Simonato A, Gregori A, Lissiani A, Bozzola A, Galli S, Gaboardi F. Laparoscopic Radical Cystoprostatectomy: Our Experience in a Consecutive Series of 10 Patients With a 3 Years Follow-Up. J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(06)00184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Simonato
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Medical Center, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Gregori
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Medical Center, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Lissiani
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Medical Center, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Bozzola
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Medical Center, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Galli
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Medical Center, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Gaboardi
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Medical Center, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Gregori A, Simonato A, Lissiani A, Galli S, Acquati P, Gaboardi F. Another Route for Retrieval of a Foley Catheter When the Balloon Does Not Deflate. Urologia 2005. [DOI: 10.1177/039156030507200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Failure of a Foley balloon to deflate is a rare complication that can be initially managed with various non invasive procedures. If the balloon remains inflated, direct puncture of the balloon may be required. We describe a minimally invasive percutaneous transperineal transprostatic balloon puncture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gregori
- Unità Operativa di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedale Universitario “Luigi Sacco”, Milano
| | - A. Simonato
- Unità Operativa di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedale Universitario “Luigi Sacco”, Milano
| | - A. Lissiani
- Unità Operativa di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedale Universitario “Luigi Sacco”, Milano
| | - S. Galli
- Unità Operativa di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedale Universitario “Luigi Sacco”, Milano
| | - P. Acquati
- Unità Operativa di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedale Universitario “Luigi Sacco”, Milano
| | - F. Gaboardi
- Unità Operativa di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedale Universitario “Luigi Sacco”, Milano
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ferrari M, Tambuscio T, Losio M, Lombardi G, Corradi A, Gregori A, Russo C, Garatti A, De Cicco G, Zigliani M, Mastropierro R, Moreo A, Beghi C, Lanfranchi A, Lorusso R. Isolation and characterization of skeletal muscle satellite cells for myocardial regeneration in a sheep model. Int J Cardiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(04)90037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
50
|
Simonato A, Gregori A, Lissiani A, Bozzola A, Galli S, Gaboardi F. Intracorporeal uretero-enteric anastomoses during laparoscopic continent urinary diversion. BJU Int 2004; 93:1351-4. [PMID: 15180637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.04859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Simonato
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, 'Luigi Sacco' Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|