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García-Caballero A, Navarro-San Francisco C, Martínez-García L, López-Martinez MJ, Corral-Corral I, Gómez-Mampaso E, Cantón R, Tato-Diez M. Forty years of Tuberculous meningitis: The new face of an old enemy. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 99:62-68. [PMID: 32730828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) occurs in 1-5% of cases of tuberculosis. Without early treatment, mortality and permanent disability rates are high. METHODS A retrospective study performed at a tertiary hospital in Madrid (Spain) to describe clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of TBM and analyze epidemiological trends over forty years, divided into two intervals (1979-1998 and 1999-2018). RESULTS Overall, TBM was diagnosed in 65 patients (1.8% of new tuberculosis diagnoses), 48 in the first period and 17 in the second one. Median age at diagnosis increased from 38.5 to 77 years (p = 0.003). The proportion of non-HIV immunosuppressed patients increased (from 2.1% to 29.4%, p < 0.001), while the percentage of patients with a history of drug-abuse decreased (from 33.3% to 5.9%, p = 0.027). The median time between the onset of neurological symptoms and lumbar puncture increased from seven to 15 days (p = 0.040). The time between the onset of symptoms and the initiation of tuberculostatic treatment also increased from eleven to 18 days (p = 0.555). Results from image, biochemical, and microbiological tests showed no differences between both periods. A decreasing trend was observed in survival rates at 1-week (from 97.9% to 64.7%, p < 0.001), 1-month (from 91.7% to 58.8%, p = 0.002) and 1-year (from 85.4% to 47.1%, p = 0.002) after TBM diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The profile of patients diagnosed with TBM has changed from a young HIV-infected patient with a history of drug addiction to an elderly patient with non-HIV immunosuppression. Diagnosis and start of treatment both experienced a noticeable delay in the second period, which could help explain the increase in mortality observed across the two periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Caballero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Navarro-San Francisco
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Martínez-García
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M J López-Martinez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Corral-Corral
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Gómez-Mampaso
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Tato-Diez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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López-Pintor JM, Navarro-San Francisco C, Sánchez-López J, García-Caballero A, Loza Fernández de Bobadilla E, Morosini MI, Cantón R. Direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing from the blood culture pellet obtained for MALDI-TOF identification of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1095-1104. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Joksimovic SL, Joksimovic SM, Tesic V, García-Caballero A, Feseha S, Zamponi GW, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Todorovic SM. Selective inhibition of Ca V3.2 channels reverses hyperexcitability of peripheral nociceptors and alleviates postsurgical pain. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/545/eaao4425. [PMID: 30154101 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pain-sensing sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) can become sensitized or hyperexcitable in response to surgically induced peripheral tissue injury. We investigated the potential role and molecular mechanisms of nociceptive ion channel dysregulation in acute pain conditions such as those resulting from skin and soft tissue incision. We used selective pharmacology, electrophysiology, and mouse genetics to link increased current densities arising from the CaV3.2 isoform of T-type calcium channels (T-channels) to nociceptive sensitization using a clinically relevant rodent model of skin and deep tissue incision. Furthermore, knockdown of the CaV3.2-targeting deubiquitinating enzyme USP5 or disruption of USP5 binding to CaV3.2 channels in peripheral nociceptors resulted in a robust antihyperalgesic effect in vivo and substantial T-current reduction in vitro. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the role of plasticity in CaV3.2 channel activity after surgical incision and identifies potential targets for perioperative pain that may greatly decrease the need for narcotics and potential for drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Pharmacology Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan M Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Agustin García-Caballero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Simon Feseha
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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García-Caballero A, Gadotti VM, Stemkowski P, Weiss N, Souza IA, Hodgkinson V, Bladen C, Chen L, Hamid J, Pizzoccaro A, Deage M, François A, Bourinet E, Zamponi GW. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP5 modulates neuropathic and inflammatory pain by enhancing Cav3.2 channel activity. Neuron 2014; 83:1144-58. [PMID: 25189210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are essential contributors to the transmission of nociceptive signals in the primary afferent pain pathway. Here, we show that T-type calcium channels are ubiquitinated by WWP1, a plasma-membrane-associated ubiquitin ligase that binds to the intracellular domain III-IV linker region of the Cav3.2 T-type channel and modifies specific lysine residues in this region. A proteomic screen identified the deubiquitinating enzyme USP5 as a Cav3.2 III-IV linker interacting partner. Knockdown of USP5 via shRNA increases Cav3.2 ubiquitination, decreases Cav3.2 protein levels, and reduces Cav3.2 whole-cell currents. In vivo knockdown of USP5 or uncoupling USP5 from native Cav3.2 channels via intrathecal delivery of Tat peptides mediates analgesia in both inflammatory and neuropathic mouse models of mechanical hypersensitivity. Altogether, our experiments reveal a cell signaling pathway that regulates T-type channel activity and their role in nociceptive signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin García-Caballero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vinicius M Gadotti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick Stemkowski
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ivana A Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victoria Hodgkinson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chris Bladen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jawed Hamid
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anne Pizzoccaro
- Laboratories of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, IFR3 Universités Montpellier I&II, Montpellier, France
| | - Mickael Deage
- Laboratories of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, IFR3 Universités Montpellier I&II, Montpellier, France
| | - Amaury François
- Laboratories of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, IFR3 Universités Montpellier I&II, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Laboratories of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, IFR3 Universités Montpellier I&II, Montpellier, France
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Fernández-Cabana M, García-Caballero A, Alves-Pérez MT, García-García MJ, Mateos R. Suicidal traits in Marilyn Monroe's Fragments: an LIWC analysis. Crisis 2014; 34:124-30. [PMID: 23261910 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC), a computerized method for text analysis, is often used to examine suicide writings in order to characterize the quantitative linguistic features of suicidal texts. AIMS To analyze texts compiled in Marilyn Monroe's Fragments using LIWC, in order to explore the use of different linguistic categories in her narrative over the years. METHOD Selected texts were grouped into four periods of similar word count and processed with LIWC. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess changes in language use across the documents over time. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare means between periods and for each of the 80 LIWC output scores. RESULTS Significant differences (p < .05) were found in 11 categories, the most relevant being a progressive decrease in the use of negative emotion words, a reduction in the use of long words in the third period, and an increase in the proportion of personal pronouns used as Monroe approached the time of her death. CONCLUSIONS The consistently elevated usage of first-person personal singular pronouns and the consistently diminished usage of first-person personal plural pronouns are in line with previous studies linking this pattern with a low level of social integration, which has been related to suicide according to different theories.
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Kota P, García-Caballero A, Dang H, Gentzsch M, Stutts MJ, Dokholyan NV. Energetic and structural basis for activation of the epithelial sodium channel by matriptase. Biochemistry 2012; 51:3460-9. [PMID: 22471557 DOI: 10.1021/bi2014773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Limited proteolysis, accomplished by endopeptidases, is a ubiquitous phenomenon underlying the regulation and activation of many enzymes, receptors, and other proteins synthesized as inactive precursors. Serine proteases make up one of the largest and most conserved families of endopeptidases involved in diverse cellular activities, including wound healing, blood coagulation, and immune responses. Heteromeric α,β,γ-epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) associated with diseases like cystic fibrosis and Liddle's syndrome are irreversibly stimulated by membrane-anchored proteases (MAPs) and furin-like convertases. Matriptase/channel activating protease-3 (CAP3) is one of the several MAPs that potently activate ENaC. Despite identification of protease cleavage sites, the basis for the enhanced susceptibility of α- and γ-ENaC to proteases remains elusive. Here, we elucidate the energetic and structural bases for activation of ENaC by CAP3. We find a region near the γ-ENaC furin site that has previously not been identified as a critical cleavage site for CAP3-mediated stimulation. We also report that CAP3 mediates cleavage of ENaC at basic residues downstream of the furin site. Our results indicate that surface proteases alone are sufficient to fully activate uncleaved ENaC and explain how ENaC in epithelia expressing surface-active proteases can appear refractory to soluble proteases. Our results support a model in which proteases prime ENaC for activation by cleaving at the furin site, and cleavage at downstream sites is accomplished by membrane surface proteases or extracellular soluble proteases. On the basis of our results, we propose a dynamics-driven "anglerfish" mechanism that explains less stringent sequence requirements for substrate recognition and cleavage by matriptase than by furin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kota
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA
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García-Caballero A, Recimil MJ, Touriño R, García-Lado I, Alonso MC, Werlang B, Jiménez J, Pérez de Albéniz MC, Losada A, Bendaña JM. Adaptation and validation of the semi-structured interview for Psychological Autopsy (SSIPA) in Spanish. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2010; 38:332-339. [PMID: 21188672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to adapt and validate into Spanish the Semi-Structured Interview for Psychological Autopsy (SSIPA). METHOD The SSIPA consists of 69 items distributed into four modules: precipitants and/or stressors, motivation, lethality, and intentionality. The original instrument was translated from Portuguese into Spanish and backtranslated by bilinguals persons. The resulting questionnaire was compared with the original and discussed by an expert panel. The adapted instrument was then applied to the relatives of 26 presumed suicide cases in Ourense (Spain) who voluntarily accepted to participate. Interviews were digitally recorded and evaluated using a decision-making algorithm by the interviewer and two independent judges blind to the results of the others. RESULTS Interrater agreement was measured using Kappa statistics. Participation in the study (27.6%) was similar to that obtained in the original study in Brazil >(20%). The Kappa values obtained were statistically significant. Correlation index was considered good (k>0.60) or very good (k> 0.80) in 15 steps including 3 out of 4 final steps of each module and the final result of the autopsy; moderate (k> 0.40) in 8 steps, 3 of them located in the motivation’s module; and weak (k> 0.20) just in 2 steps. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of the SSIPA is a reliable instrument for psychological autopsy studies. Low correlation in two of the algorithm steps for decision making may be due to the lack of accuracy of the questionnaire and should be improved.
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García-Caballero A, García-Lado I, González-Hermida J, Area R, Recimil MJ, Juncos Rabadán O, Lamas S, Ozaita G, Jorge FJ. Paradoxical recovery in a bilingual patient with aphasia after right capsuloputaminal infarction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:89-91. [PMID: 17172568 PMCID: PMC2117768 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.095406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a bilingual dextral patient, who presented with an uncommon pattern of aphasic deficit following a right capsulo-putaminal infarction. In this patient, the linguistic deficit concerned the use of her mother tongue (Galician, L1) much more than the lesser practised second language (Spanish, L2). Our patient presented spontaneous fluent speech in L2 but not in L1, automatic translation into L2, and impaired repetition in L1, whereas comprehension was spared in both L1 and L2. Reading and writing were less valuable due to educational interference (reduced schooling). Spontaneous speech 16 months after the stroke showed the stability of the impairment. This is the first reporting of a crossed subcortical aphasia in a bilingual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Caballero
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense, R/ Ramon Puga 54, 32001, Ourense, Spain.
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García-Caballero A, González-Hermida J, García-Lado I, Recimil MJ. [Impaired facial emotion recognition in a case of right frontotemporal dementia]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2006; 34:416-9. [PMID: 17117340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After the description of its involvement in amydalin lesions, there has been growing interest in the last decade on the neuropsychological examination of impaired emotional recognition in different diseases. This study aims to demonstrate the existence of emotional recognition impairment in a case of frontotemporal dementia affecting right temporal lobe structures with an experimental battery. CLINICAL CASE The case of 7 year long frontotemporal dementia with right temporal predominance, clinically characterized by behavior disorders such as loss of hygiene habits, eating food in bad condition, approach to marginal groups and other psychiatric disorders (megalomanic delusional ideation) is presented. The psychiatric, neurological, neuropsychological and neuroimaging examination are described. METHODS Facial recognition impairments were assessed with a modification of Ekman and Friesen Task (1976). The results were compared with those obtained in three controls matched by age, and educational level. RESULTS The case we report showed marked impairment in discrimination, matching, selection and naming of negative facial emotions (anger, fear, sadness and disgust). The impairment was more striking in the selection and naming paradigms. Anger was the most affected emotion. It was hypothesized if the impairment of emotional recognition could be in the base of certain behavior disturbances of the patient such as approach to marginal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Caballero
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense, SERGAS, Orense.
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García-Caballero A, García-Lado I, González-Hermida J, Recimil M, Area R, Manes F, Lamas S, Berrios G. Validation of the Spanish version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination in a rural community in Spain. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006; 21:239-45. [PMID: 16477583 DOI: 10.1002/gps.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is a brief cognitive test battery designed to detect and differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Translations of this instrument into French and Malayalam have been recently published OBJECTIVE To adapt and validate the ACE into Spanish in a rural population of low-educational level. SUBJECTS A clinical group, composed of 70 patients affected by dementia and 25 patients with memory complaints without dementia, was compared with 72 controls matched for gender, age and educational level METHOD The clinical group was studied with standard neuropsychological instruments, all patients underwent neuroimaging [Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) in all cases of suspected FTD], as well as routine neurological examination. Both groups were studied with the ACE and Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR). Sensitivity, specificity, area under curve, reliability and Verbal-Language/ Orientation-Memory (VLOM) ratio were calculated. Subsequently, the sample was stratified regarding educational level in two groups. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated for these conditions. Different cut-off points were calculated addressing educational level. RESULTS ROC curves demonstrated the superiority of the ACE in the sub sample of patients that finished school at over 14 years old. VLOM ratio confirmed its usefulness for differential diagnosis between AD and FTD CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the ACE is a useful instrument for dementia diagnosis. In our sample VLOM ratio results were useful for differential diagnosis between AD and FTD. Different cut-off points must be used for different educational levels.
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Sarasola D, de Luján-Calcagno M, Sabe L, Crivelli L, Torralva T, Roca M, García-Caballero A, Manes F. [Validity of the Spanish version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for the diagnosis of dementia and to differentiate Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia]. Rev Neurol 2005; 41:717-21. [PMID: 16355355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is a brief bedside test battery to detect mild dementia and differentiate frontotemporal dementia (FTD) from Alzheimer's disease (AD). AIM To validate the ACE in Spanish. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study evaluated the Spanish version of ACE on 128 subjects consisting in two groups a patient group (n = 76) and a control subjects group (n = 52). The patient group was divided in AD (n = 54) based on the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and FTD (n = 22) based on the Lund y Manchester criteria. All patients underwent clinical, neuropsychological, radiologic (MRI, CT, and SPECT), and laboratory evaluations. Group's differences were evaluated using ANOVA. The internal consistency of the Spanish version of the ACE was measured using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The discriminative capability of the Spanish version of the ACE was examined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS The cut-off score of 86 showed a sensitivity of 92% (CI 95% = 83.6-97.0) and a specificity of 96.2% (CI 95% = 86.8-99.4). The ROC curve showed higher sensitivity and specificity of the ACE than the Mini-Mental State Examination in discriminating the dementia and control group. The VLOM ratio (verbal fluency + language)/(orientation + memory) of < 1.82 discriminated for FTD and > 4.87 discriminated for AD. CONCLUSION The Spanish version of ACE is a brief and reliable instrument for early detection of dementia in highly educated people and offers a simple objective index to differentiate AD and FTD. More studies in less educated people are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sarasola
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurologícas Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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García-Caballero A, Olivares-Reyes JA, Catt KJ, García-Saínz JA. Angiotensin AT(1) receptor phosphorylation and desensitization in a hepatic cell line. Roles of protein kinase c and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 59:576-85. [PMID: 11179453 DOI: 10.1124/mol.59.3.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Desensitization and phosphorylation of the endogenous angiotensin II AT(1) receptor were studied in clone 9 liver cells. Agonist activation of AT(1) receptors blunted the response to subsequent addition of angiotensin II. Partial inhibition of the angiotensin II-induced calcium response was observed when cells were pretreated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), vasopressin, or lysophosphatidic acid. All of these desensitization processes were associated with receptor phosphorylation. Angiotensin II-induced AT(1) receptor phosphorylation was partially blocked by the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I and by phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002); the actions of these inhibitors were not additive. Pertussis toxin pretreatment of cells also partially inhibited angiotensin II-induced AT(1) receptor phosphorylation. TPA-induced AT(1) receptor phosphorylation was completely blocked by bisindolylmaleimide I. AT(1) receptor phosphorylation was also induced by vasopressin and lysophosphatidic acid, and these effects were partially inhibited by bisindolylmaleimide I. Angiotensin II increased Akt/PKB (protein kinase B) phosphorylation and protein kinase C membrane association. The effect on Akt/PKB phosphorylation was blocked by phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors. These findings indicate that clone 9 cells exhibit both homologous and heterologous desensitization in association with AT(1) receptor phosphorylation. In these hepatic cells, angiotensin II-induced receptor phosphorylation involves pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins, and is mediated in part through protein kinase C and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Caballero
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
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García-Sáinz JA, García-Caballero A, González-Espinosa C. Angiotensin AT1 receptors in Clone 9 rat liver cells: Ca2+ signaling and c-fos expression. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 362:235-43. [PMID: 9874176 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In C9 (Clone 9) liver cells, angiotensin 11 increased the intracellular Ca2+ content, inositol phosphate production and c-fos mRNA expression. Other angiotensins were also active with the order of potency being angiotensin II = angiotensin III >> angiotensin I > angiotensin IV. Losartan, but not PD 123177 (1-(4-amino-3-methyl)-5-diphenylacetyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imida zo [4,5c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid), blocked the effects of angiotensin II. Pertussis toxin did not alter these actions of angiotensin II. These data indicate that the effects were mediated through angiotensin AT1 receptors involving pertussis toxin-insensitive G-proteins. Phorbol myristate acetate was also able to increase c-fos mRNA expression. The action of angiotensin II was consistently greater than that of the active phorbol ester. Staurosporine but not genistein inhibited this effect of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II- and phorbol myristate acetate-induced proto-oncogene mRNA expression was attenuated in cells incubated overnight with the active phorbol ester, which suggests a major role of protein kinase C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A García-Sáinz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cells are neuroendocrine cells located in the skin and oral mucosa of various mammalian species. These cells express multiple peptides as well as serotonin. Although the precise function of Merkel cells is still unknown, different studies support its role as mechano-electric transducer. 7B2 granin (secretogranin V) is a polypeptide isolated from the pituitary gland and present in the dense-cored granules of neuronal and paraneuronal cells. METHODS The expression of the 7B2 in Merkel cells of pig snout skin was analysed by immunohistochemical techniques. The streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex procedure was employed for light microscopy. A postembedding method using immunoglobulin-colloidal gold complexes was employed for the ultrastructural studies. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for 7B2 was observed in virtually all Merkel cells, both in epidermis and vibrissae. The immunostaining was shown in the basal side of cytoplasms where neuroendocrine granules were accumulated. Immunoelectron microscopy allowed us to demonstrate that 7B2 labelling was located on the electrondense granules. Nuclei and epidermal nerve terminals associated with merkel cells did not show immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS The polypeptide 7B2 is present in the dense-cored granules of Merkel cells. This result is consistent with the possible role for 7B2 in secretory granules' processing. To our knowledge this is the first evidence of 7B2 protein in Merkel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine-Hospital General de Galicia, University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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García-Sáinz JA, García-Caballero A, González-Espinosa C. Characterization of the alpha 1-adrenoceptors of cat liver. Predominance of the alpha 1A-adrenergic subtype. Life Sci 1996; 59:235-42. [PMID: 8699934 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The alpha 1-adrenoceptors present in the liver of cats were characterized using [3H]prazosin. This radioligand binds to cat liver membranes with high affinity ((KD 0.79 nM) to a moderately abundant number of sites (160 fmol/mg of protein). This sites were characterized pharmacologically, by binding competition, observing the following orders of potency: a) for agonists: oxymetazoline > epinephrine = norepinephrine >> methoxamine, and b) for antagonists: WB4101 > or = prazosin > or = (+) niguldipine > or = benoxathian > or = spiperone = 5-methyl-urapidil > phentolamine > BMY 7378. These data suggested that cat liver expresses alpha 1A-adrenoceptors. Expression of the mRNA for this receptor was confirmed by RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A García-Sáinz
- Departamento de Bioenergética y Biomembranas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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