1
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Yang EC, Divine R, Miranda MC, Borst AJ, Sheffler W, Zhang JZ, Decarreau J, Saragovi A, Abedi M, Goldbach N, Ahlrichs M, Dobbins C, Hand A, Cheng S, Lamb M, Levine PM, Chan S, Skotheim R, Fallas J, Ueda G, Lubner J, Somiya M, Khmelinskaia A, King NP, Baker D. Computational design of non-porous pH-responsive antibody nanoparticles. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01288-5. [PMID: 38724718 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Programming protein nanomaterials to respond to changes in environmental conditions is a current challenge for protein design and is important for targeted delivery of biologics. Here we describe the design of octahedral non-porous nanoparticles with a targeting antibody on the two-fold symmetry axis, a designed trimer programmed to disassemble below a tunable pH transition point on the three-fold axis, and a designed tetramer on the four-fold symmetry axis. Designed non-covalent interfaces guide cooperative nanoparticle assembly from independently purified components, and a cryo-EM density map closely matches the computational design model. The designed nanoparticles can package protein and nucleic acid payloads, are endocytosed following antibody-mediated targeting of cell surface receptors, and undergo tunable pH-dependent disassembly at pH values ranging between 5.9 and 6.7. The ability to incorporate almost any antibody into a non-porous pH-dependent nanoparticle opens up new routes to antibody-directed targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Yang
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Physics, Structure & Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robby Divine
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Borst
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Will Sheffler
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason Z Zhang
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin Decarreau
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amijai Saragovi
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamad Abedi
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicolas Goldbach
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maggie Ahlrichs
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Craig Dobbins
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Hand
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suna Cheng
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mila Lamb
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul M Levine
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sidney Chan
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca Skotheim
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jorge Fallas
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Ueda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Lubner
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Masaharu Somiya
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alena Khmelinskaia
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Transdisciplinary Research Area 'Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)', University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - David Baker
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Chao CW, Sprouse KR, Miranda MC, Catanzaro NJ, Hubbard ML, Addetia A, Stewart C, Brown JT, Dosey A, Valdez A, Ravichandran R, Hendricks GG, Ahlrichs M, Dobbins C, Hand A, Treichel C, Willoughby I, Walls AC, McGuire AT, Leaf EM, Baric RS, Schäfer A, Veesler D, King NP. Protein nanoparticle vaccines induce potent neutralizing antibody responses against MERS-CoV. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.13.584735. [PMID: 38558973 PMCID: PMC10979991 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.584735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic betacoronavirus that causes severe and often lethal respiratory illness in humans. The MERS-CoV spike (S) protein is the viral fusogen and the target of neutralizing antibodies, and has therefore been the focus of vaccine design efforts. Currently there are no licensed vaccines against MERS-CoV and only a few candidates have advanced to Phase I clinical trials. Here we developed MERS-CoV vaccines utilizing a computationally designed protein nanoparticle platform that has generated safe and immunogenic vaccines against various enveloped viruses, including a licensed vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. Two-component protein nanoparticles displaying MERS-CoV S-derived antigens induced robust neutralizing antibody responses and protected mice against challenge with mouse-adapted MERS-CoV. Electron microscopy polyclonal epitope mapping and serum competition assays revealed the specificities of the dominant antibody responses elicited by immunogens displaying the prefusion-stabilized S-2P trimer, receptor binding domain (RBD), or N-terminal domain (NTD). An RBD nanoparticle vaccine elicited antibodies targeting multiple non-overlapping epitopes in the RBD, whereas anti-NTD antibodies elicited by the S-2P- and NTD-based immunogens converged on a single antigenic site. Our findings demonstrate the potential of two-component nanoparticle vaccine candidates for MERS-CoV and suggest that this platform technology could be broadly applicable to betacoronavirus vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara W Chao
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas J Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Miranda L Hubbard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jack T Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Annie Dosey
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adian Valdez
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Grace G Hendricks
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Maggie Ahlrichs
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Craig Dobbins
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexis Hand
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Catherine Treichel
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Isabelle Willoughby
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Leaf
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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3
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Yang EC, Divine R, Miranda MC, Borst AJ, Sheffler W, Zhang JZ, Decarreau J, Saragovi A, Abedi M, Goldbach N, Ahlrichs M, Dobbins C, Hand A, Cheng S, Lamb M, Levine PM, Chan S, Skotheim R, Fallas J, Ueda G, Lubner J, Somiya M, Khmelinskaia A, King NP, Baker D. Computational design of non-porous, pH-responsive antibody nanoparticles. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.17.537263. [PMID: 37131615 PMCID: PMC10153164 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Programming protein nanomaterials to respond to changes in environmental conditions is a current challenge for protein design and important for targeted delivery of biologics. We describe the design of octahedral non-porous nanoparticles with the three symmetry axes (four-fold, three-fold, and two-fold) occupied by three distinct protein homooligomers: a de novo designed tetramer, an antibody of interest, and a designed trimer programmed to disassemble below a tunable pH transition point. The nanoparticles assemble cooperatively from independently purified components, and a cryo-EM density map reveals that the structure is very close to the computational design model. The designed nanoparticles can package a variety of molecular payloads, are endocytosed following antibody-mediated targeting of cell surface receptors, and undergo tunable pH-dependent disassembly at pH values ranging between to 5.9-6.7. To our knowledge, these are the first designed nanoparticles with more than two structural components and with finely tunable environmental sensitivity, and they provide new routes to antibody-directed targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Yang
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Physics, Structure & Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robby Divine
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Borst
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Will Sheffler
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason Z Zhang
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin Decarreau
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amijai Saragovi
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamad Abedi
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicolas Goldbach
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maggie Ahlrichs
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Craig Dobbins
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Hand
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suna Cheng
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mila Lamb
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul M Levine
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sidney Chan
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca Skotheim
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jorge Fallas
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Ueda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Lubner
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Masaharu Somiya
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alena Khmelinskaia
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Transdisciplinary Research Area "Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)", University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Baker
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Jin L, Lynch J, Richardson A, Lorkiewicz P, Srivastava S, Theis W, Shirk G, Hand A, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Electronic cigarette solvents, pulmonary irritation, and endothelial dysfunction: role of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1510-H1525. [PMID: 33543686 PMCID: PMC8260384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00878.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After more than a decade of electronic cigarette (E-cig) use in the United States, uncertainty persists regarding E-cig use and long-term cardiopulmonary disease risk. As all E-cigs use propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin (PG-VG) and generate abundant saturated aldehydes, mice were exposed by inhalation to PG-VG-derived aerosol, formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA), or filtered air. Biomarkers of exposure and cardiopulmonary injury were monitored by mass spectrometry (urine metabolites), radiotelemetry (respiratory reflexes), isometric myography (aorta), and flow cytometry (blood markers). Acute PG-VG exposure significantly affected multiple biomarkers including pulmonary reflex (decreased respiratory rate, -50%), endothelium-dependent relaxation (-61.8 ± 4.2%), decreased WBC (-47 ± 7%), and, increased RBC (+6 ± 1%) and hemoglobin (+4 ± 1%) versus air control group. Notably, FA exposure recapitulated the prominent effects of PG-VG aerosol on pulmonary irritant reflex and endothelial dysfunction, whereas AA exposure did not. To attempt to link PG-VG exposure with FA or AA exposure, urinary formate and acetate levels were measured by GC-MS. Although neither FA nor AA exposure altered excretion of their primary metabolite, formate or acetate, respectively, compared with air-exposed controls, PG-VG aerosol exposure significantly increased post-exposure urinary acetate but not formate. These data suggest that E-cig use may increase cardiopulmonary disease risk independent of the presence of nicotine and/or flavorings. This study indicates that FA levels in tobacco product-derived aerosols should be regulated to levels that do not induce biomarkers of cardiopulmonary harm. There remains a need for reliable biomarkers of exposure to inhaled FA and AA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Use of electronic cigarettes (E-cig) induces endothelial dysfunction (ED) in healthy humans, yet the specific constituents in E-cig aerosols that contribute to ED are unknown. Our study implicates formaldehyde that is formed in heating of E-cig solvents (propylene glycol, PG; vegetable glycerin, VG). Exposure to formaldehyde or PG-VG-derived aerosol alone stimulated ED in female mice. As ED was independent of nicotine and flavorants, these data reflect a "universal flaw" of E-cigs that use PG-VG.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/e-cigarettes-aldehydes-and-endothelial-dysfunction/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jordan Lynch
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andre Richardson
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shweta Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Whitney Theis
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gregg Shirk
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alexis Hand
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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5
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Maizels M, Buse D, Jedynak J, Hand A, Ford J, Detke H. Assesment of anxiety and depression in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of galcanezumab in adults with treatment-resistant migraine: Results from the conquer study. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Su DK, Murphy M, Hand A, Zhu X, Witzel-Rollins A. Impact of feeding method on overall activity of indoor, client-owned dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:438-443. [PMID: 31012110 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the total daily activity time, walking time and running time using food-dispensing toys versus bowls in a group of client-owned, primarily indoor dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A two-way, two period, randomised repeated measures mixed-effects crossover study performed on 26 client-owned, primarily indoor dogs. RESULTS Toy feeding increased average daily total activity time by 12% and walking time by 26%. Average daily total activity time and walking time were reduced by 8 and 7% respectively with each increase in year of age. Gender, body condition and muscle condition had no significant effect on average daily total activity or walking time. Toy feeding, time, their interaction, age, gender, body condition and muscle condition had no significant effect on average daily running time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Feeding toys may be helpful during weight loss programs to achieve the goal of increasing daily exercise duration in dogs that need to lose weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Su
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - A Hand
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - X Zhu
- Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - A Witzel-Rollins
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hand
- Department of Environmental Studies; Antioch University New England; Keene New Hampshire Canada
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8
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Haller cells are anterior ethmoid air cells located in the medial orbital floor immediately lateral to the maxillary infundibulum. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the prevalence and relationship between the existence and size of these cells with ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis and orbital floor dehiscence as visualized on cone beam CT (CBCT) images. METHODS CBCT image volumes of 50 patients were retrieved and analysed. All CBCT images were acquired with a 9-inch field of view scan. χ(2) and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used for statistical analysis of the obtained data, and p-values of <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS There was no statistically significant association between the existence and size of Haller cells and maxillary sinusitis. There was a significant association between Haller cells and orbital floor dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS The explanation of maxillary sinusitis on the basis of mechanical obstruction is unlikely. This study provides evidence for the usefulness of CBCT scan in delineation of the sinonasal anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mathew
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Midwestern University College of Dental Medicine-Illinois (CDMI), Downers Grove, IL, USA
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9
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Hand A, Lloyd P, Alloosh M, Cameron JA, Sturek M. Adenosine A1 Receptors in the Metabolic Syndrome and Coronary Artery Disease. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.lb15-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hand
- BiologyJackson State Univ.Box 18630, 1400 J.R. Lynch St.JacksonMS39217
| | - Pamela Lloyd
- School of MedicineIndiana Univ.635 Barnhill Dr, MS 385IndianapolisIN46202
| | - Mouhamad Alloosh
- School of MedicineIndiana Univ.635 Barnhill Dr, MS 385IndianapolisIN46202
| | - Joseph A. Cameron
- BiologyJackson State Univ.Box 18630, 1400 J.R. Lynch St.JacksonMS39217
| | - Michael Sturek
- School of MedicineIndiana Univ.635 Barnhill Dr, MS 385IndianapolisIN46202
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10
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Gill LW, Hand A, O'Súlleabháin C. Effective distribution of domestic wastewater effluent between percolation trenches in on-site treatment systems. Water Sci Technol 2005; 51:39-46. [PMID: 16104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
On-site treatment systems discharging to groundwater rely on the effective distribution of effluent across a percolation area to provide an appropriate loading rate for the subsoil. In Ireland, this is achieved in a distribution box which splits the effluent evenly between the requisite number of percolation pipes. The flow regime experienced at four different distribution boxes was monitored continuously over twelve month periods which established that the most common flow rates at the distribution unit were in the range 1-4 litres/minute for a four to five person dwelling. In addition, the average flow rate from the four sites was only 100 litres per person per day, compared to recommended design value of 180 litres per person per day. Two distribution boxes were also tested in the laboratory to assess their distribution efficiency over a range of loading rates. The most commonly installed unit was found to significantly favour two out of the four trenches and both units were shown to perform particularly poorly at a range of different off-level installation angles. Modifications to the boxes were also tested, involving plastic V-notch inserts which were shown to greatly improve the hydraulic distribution and make the unit much less sensitive to off-level installation or subsidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Gill
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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11
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Sellebjerg F, Giovannoni G, Hand A, Madsen HO, Jensen CV, Garred P. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of nitric oxide metabolites predict response to methylprednisolone treatment in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 125:198-203. [PMID: 11960657 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is not clear. We found increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of the NO degradation products nitrate (NO(x)) in clinically definite MS but not in clinically isolated syndromes. High CSF concentrations of NO(x) correlated with long attack duration. Patients carrying the truncated CC chemokine receptor allele CCR5 Delta32 had lower serum concentration of NO(x) at later attack stages. NO(x) concentrations did not change after methylprednisolone treatment but high concentrations were associated with more pronounced treatment responses. These findings suggest an association of high CSF levels of NO(x) with more severe disease activity in relapsing-remitting MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sellebjerg
- Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, DK-2600 Glostrup Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Sobue T, Gravely T, Hand A, Min YK, Pilbeam C, Raisz LG, Zhang X, Larocca D, Florkiewicz R, Hurley MM. Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 2 and fibroblast growth factor receptors by transforming growth factor beta in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17:502-12. [PMID: 11874241 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and its receptors (FGFRs) are important regulators of bone cell function. Although FGF-2 is a major modulator of bone cell function, its expression and regulation in human osteoblasts have not been investigated. We examined FGF-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and regulation in the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Northern analysis revealed that MG-63 cells expressed FGF-2 mRNA transcripts of 7, 4, 2.2, and 1.3 kilobases (kb). In the absence of serum, treatment with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta; 0.1-10 ng/ml) increased all FGF-2 mRNA transcripts. Maximal increase was seen with 1 ng/ml of TGF-beta. TGF-beta increased FGF-2 mRNA expression within 2 h and this was sustained for 24 h. Phorbal myristate acetate (PMA; 1 microM) also increased FGF-2 mRNA at 6 h. Time course studies showed that TGF-beta did not significantly alter FGFR1 or FGFR2 mRNA expression in MG-63 cells. Western blotting with anti-human FGF-2 revealed that MG-63 cells synthesize three isoforms of FGF-2 protein of approximately 18, 22/23, and 24 kDa, which were increased after either 6 h or 24 h of treatment with TGF-beta. Increased FGF-2 mRNA and protein expression in response to TGF-beta was markedly reduced by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89. Immunogold labeling of MG-63 cells treated with TGF-beta showed increased labeling for FGF-2 and FGFR2 in the nuclei. In contrast, TGF-beta treatment significantly decreased FGFR1 labeling in the nuclei. These data show that TGF-beta regulates FGF-2 gene expression in human osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, TGF-beta modulates the cellular localization of FGF-2 and its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sobue
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
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13
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Peng T, Jiang X, Wang Y, Hand A, Gillies C, Cone RE, O'Rourke J. Sympathectomy decreases and adrenergic stimulation increases the release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from blood vessels: functional evidence for a neurologic regulation of plasmin production within vessel walls and other tissue matrices. J Neurosci Res 1999; 57:680-92. [PMID: 10462692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Our recent morphologic studies indicated that peripheral nervous system (PNS) adrenergic neurons synthesize, transport, and store the serene protease, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in axon terminals, many of which innervate vessel walls. Sympathoadrenal stimulation induces a surge of t-PA from vessel walls into the blood. The vascular endothelium, which constitutively secretes t-PA into blood also has long been widely assumed to be the principal source of this stress-induced release, but has not been verified as such. A neurologically regulated release from adrenergic stores could thus augment the known constitutive endothelial release. To functionally test this possibility, we quantitated the effects of guanethidine-induced systemic sympathectomy on the basal and stimulated release of t-PA from isolated vessel explants in superfused organ cultures. Moment-to-moment changes in the release rate were plotted from serial assays of the t-PA free activity. The effects of endothelial and adventitial nerve plexus ablations were also tested. Sympathectomy induced 30-50% reductions in t-PA release from both arterial and microvascular explants. An acute release induced by alpha-1 adrenergic receptor stimulations was also strongly suppressed, as were basal levels of the circulating enzyme in vivo. Adventitial and endothelial ablations from normal large vessel explants produced greater reductions than small vessel endothelial ablations. Ganglion electrical stimulation also induced an acute microvascular release in vivo. These and past morphologic findings indicate a physiological infusion of t-PA into the vessel walls, blood, and other innervated matrices by sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030-3105, USA
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14
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Jordan K, Solan JL, Dominguez M, Sia M, Hand A, Lampe PD, Laird DW. Trafficking, assembly, and function of a connexin43-green fluorescent protein chimera in live mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 1999; 10:2033-50. [PMID: 10359613 PMCID: PMC25409 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.10.6.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the trafficking, assembly, and turnover of connexin43 (Cx43) in living cells, we used an enhanced red-shifted mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) to construct a Cx43-GFP chimera. When cDNA encoding Cx43-GFP was transfected into communication-competent normal rat kidney cells, Cx43-negative Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, or communication-deficient Neuro2A or HeLa cells, the fusion protein of predicted length was expressed, transported, and assembled into gap junctions that exhibited the classical pentalaminar profile. Dye transfer studies showed that Cx43-GFP formed functional gap junction channels when transfected into otherwise communication-deficient HeLa or Neuro2A cells. Live imaging of Cx43-GFP in MDCK cells revealed that many gap junction plaques remained relatively immobile, whereas others coalesced laterally within the plasma membrane. Time-lapse imaging of live MDCK cells also revealed that Cx43-GFP was transported via highly mobile transport intermediates that could be divided into two size classes of <0.5 microm and 0.5-1.5 microm. In some cases, the larger intracellular Cx43-GFP transport intermediates were observed to form from the internalization of gap junctions, whereas the smaller transport intermediates may represent other routes of trafficking to or from the plasma membrane. The localization of Cx43-GFP in two transport compartments suggests that the dynamic formation and turnover of connexins may involve at least two distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jordan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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15
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Albanese J, Meterissian S, Kontogiannea M, Dubreuil C, Hand A, Sorba S, Dainiak N. Biologically active Fas antigen and its cognate ligand are expressed on plasma membrane-derived extracellular vesicles. Blood 1998; 91:3862-74. [PMID: 9573024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exfoliation of plasma membrane components is a directed process that consumes energy and requires active cell metabolism. Proteins involved in regulating the survival and proliferation of eukaryotic cells are released on exfoliated vesicles. We examine here whether the Fas receptor and its cognate ligand (FasL) are present on vesicles shed from high metastatic potential CX-1 cells and low metastatic potential MIP-101 cells and from HuT 78 cells, respectively. Rates of exfoliation at 2 hours and cumulative levels of extracellular vesicles in serum-free medium conditioned by CX-1 cells are increased by 1.8-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, relative to that in medium conditioned by MIP-101 cells. Although vesicles shed from both cancer cell lines contain Fas antigen, the amount of Fas per vesicle and the percentage of vesicles containing Fas are increased for vesicles isolated from MIP-101 cells, relative to those from CX-1 cells, as determined by immunogold particle labeling and electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Results of metabolic labeling with 35S-methionine indicate that Fas biosynthesis is reduced by up to 3.3-fold for CX-1 cells, relative to that of MIP-101 cells, consistent with the finding of decreased Fas on vesicles shed from the plasma membrane of CX-1 cells. Although mRNA for soluble Fas receptor is detectable in both cell lines, depletion of shed vesicles from serum-free medium by ultracentrifugation removes all detectable biological activity. FasL is detected on vesicles exfoliated from HuT 78 cells by immunoelectron microscopy and Western blot analysis. FasL-bearing vesicles induce apoptosis of Fas-expressing cancer cells at the same level as observed by treatment with monoclonal anti-Fas antibody. Furthermore, Fas-bearing extracellular vesicles from MIP-101 but not from CX-1 cells protect the CX-1 cell line from FasL-induced and anti-Fas-mediated apoptosis, indicating that Fas present on shed vesicles is biologically active. We conclude that the Fas antigen and its cognate ligand are exfoliated from the cell surface in a bioactive configuration. Exfoliation may provide a mechanism for long-range signal-directed apoptosis while maintaining Fas/FasL on a membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Albanese
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Guha A, Mason RP, Primorac D, Konopaske G, Miller J, Sinha P, Tulenko TN, Hand A. Interferon-induced growth arrest is mediated by membrane structural changes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1997; 17:701-6. [PMID: 9402108 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1997.17.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is an immunomodulator shown to augment the expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I/class II antigens on the cell surface. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that the enhanced expression of these antigens on the cell surface is in part due to IFN-gamma-mediated abrogation of antigen shedding. In this study, we demonstrate that IFN-gamma induces structural changes in the cell membrane by altering the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Furthermore, such changes not only mediate enhanced expression of antigen on the cell surface but may drive the cells to growth arrest and apoptosis. These results were obtained by employing x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and DNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guha
- Department of Medicine, UCONN Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1315, USA
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17
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Linnainmaa K, Ollikainen T, Hirvonen A, Halme M, Knuuttila A, Jekunen A, Hand A, Mattson K. 113 Individual variation in response to cytostatic chemotherapy in the treatment of mesothelioma: In vitro studies in human cell lines. Lung Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(97)89392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Quevedo J, Spångberg L, Safavi K, Hand A. PR 38 The numerical density of dentinal tubules at the apical pulpal wall. J Endod 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(97)80165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Luengo JI, Yamashita DS, Dunnington D, Beck AK, Rozamus LW, Yen HK, Bossard MJ, Levy MA, Hand A, Newman-Tarr T. Structure-activity studies of rapamycin analogs: evidence that the C-7 methoxy group is part of the effector domain and positioned at the FKBP12-FRAP interface. Chem Biol 1995; 2:471-81. [PMID: 9383449 DOI: 10.1016/1074-5521(95)90264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin is an immunosuppressant natural product, which blocks T-cell mitogenesis and yeast proliferation. In the cytoplasm, rapamycin binds to the immunophilin FKBP12 and the complex of these two molecules binds to a recently discovered protein, FRAP. The rapamycin molecule has two functional domains, defined by their interaction with FKBP12 (binding domain) or with FRAP (effector domain). We previously showed that the allylic methoxy group at C-7 of rapamycin could be replaced by a variety of different substituents. We set out to examine the effects of such substitutions on FKBP12 binding and on biological activity. RESULTS Rapamycin C-7-modified analogs of both R and S configurations were shown to have high affinities for FKBP12, yet these congeners displayed a wide range of potencies in splenocyte and yeast proliferation assays. The X-ray crystal structures of four rapamycin analogs in complexes with FKBP12 were determined and revealed that protein and ligand backbone conformations were essentially the same as those observed for the parent rapamycin-FKBP12 complex and that the C-7 group remained exposed to solvent. We then prepared a rapamycin analog with a photoreactive functionality as part of the C-7 substituent. This compound specifically labeled, in an FKBP12-dependent manner, a protein of approximately 250 kDa, which comigrates with recombinant FRAP. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the C-7 methoxy group of rapamycin is part of the effector domain. In the ternary complex, this group is situated in close proximity to FRAP, at the interface between FRAP and FKBP12.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Luengo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
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20
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Hand A, Pelin K, Mattson K, Linnainmaa K. Interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-gamma in combination with methotrexate: in vitro sensitivity studies in four human mesothelioma cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 1995; 6:77-82. [PMID: 7756687 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199502000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a malignant tumor of the serous surfaces in the thorax and abdomen, which has proved exceptionally resistant to treatment. A recent phase II trial of a high-dose methotrexate regime on 63 Norwegian patients has, however, achieved a response rate of 37%. Some responses have also been achieved using interferon (IFN)-gamma administered intrapleurally or recombinant (r) IFN-alpha administered subcutaneously. Our earlier in vitro sensitivity studies of mesothelioma cell lines showed that IFN augments the response to chemotherapeutic agents in mesothelioma. The aim of this study was to assess the response of four mesothelioma cell lines, derived from diffuse asbestos-related pleural malignant mesothelioma, to methotrexate alone and in combination with recombinant IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma. Anti-proliferative effects were assayed by vital dye exclusion. A combination of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma consistently augmented the response of the cell lines to methotrexate, by as much as 75% for one cell line, although the response to the individual IFNs was variable. We were also able to compare the effects of natural IFN-beta with those of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma. The IFN-beta sensitivity profile for each of the four cell lines was similar to that of IFN-alpha. In two cell lines, the combination of IFN-beta and IFN-gamma produced a similar effect to the IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hand
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki
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21
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Tuck DP, Cerretti DP, Hand A, Guha A, Sorba S, Dainiak N. Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor is expressed at and shed from the cell surface. Blood 1994; 84:2182-8. [PMID: 7919334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface membrane-associated growth factors are being recognized as important for developmental processes, including cell assembly, differentiation, and growth. To investigate the role of membrane-bound macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in myelopoiesis, and whether this factor is released from the cell surface in association with shed membrane-derived vesicles, COS-1 cells were transfected with cDNAs for M-CSF-tau (containing the transmembrane domain) or a soluble mutant form of the molecule lacking the transmembrane domain ([s]M-CSF-alpha). COS-1 cells transfected with either cDNA released activity into the spent culture medium. Conditioned medium was separated by centrifugation into supernatants and pellets were found to contain plasma membrane-derived vesicles by transmission electron microscopy. When medium fractions were assayed in marrow cultures, activity was localized to shed plasma membrane-derived vesicles in medium conditioned by cells transfected with cDNA for M-CSF-tau and in the vesicle-free supernatants of medium conditioned by cells transfected with cDNA for [s]M-CSF-alpha. In addition, nuclear, mitochondrial, and plasma membrane subfractions of stably transfected cells were prepared and assayed for activity. Concentration-dependent stimulation of macrophage colony formation was observed with purified plasma membranes (but not nuclear or cytosolic proteins) from cells transfected with cDNA for M-CSF-tau. By contrast, membranes from untransfected cells and cells transfected with cDNA for [s]M-CSF-alpha or control DNA expressed no activity. Together, the data indicate that human M-CSF is expressed at the cell surface and exfoliated in association with surface membrane-derived vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Tuck
- Department of Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Hand A, Pelin K, Halme M, Ekman A, Mattson M, Vallas M, Mattson K, Linnainmaa K, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K. Interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma combined with chemotherapy: in vitro sensitivity studies in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 1993; 4:365-8. [PMID: 8395259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are often resistant to chemotherapy. Cisplatin has shown the most activity against all the histological subtypes and is now used in most combined treatment programmes. Interferon (IFN)-alpha has been shown to potentiate cisplatin and other drugs experimentally and in clinical trials involving NSCLC. We are looking at the responses of different NSCLC cell lines to cisplatin (P), etoposide (VP-16) and IFN [recombinant human IFN-alpha 2c (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma 1b (IFN-gamma)], individually and in combination. We then compare the results with those from a clinical trial of etoposide and cisplatin with interferon in advanced NSCLC. We report here the results from the first of our cell lines, established from a large cell anaplastic carcinoma. We have confirmed earlier findings that NSCLC cell lines are not sensitive to either IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma alone. However a combination of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma does reduce cell proliferation in our cell lines. This IFN combination potentiates the response of the cells to etoposide far more than to cisplatin. There is a trend towards greater activity when a combination of cisplatin and etoposide is used, compared with the activity of either drug alone. This effect is further increased by the interferon combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hand
- Department of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if gap junctions are a necessary component of the human laboring uterus and if their presence in myometrium is a prerequisite for both term and preterm labor. STUDY DESIGN We obtained 27 human myometrial samples at cesarean section or nongravid hysterectomy. Gap junction formation was analyzed in a blind fashion by freeze fracture and indirect immunofluorescence. Six samples were obtained from term patients with no labor, six from term patients in labor, six from preterm patients with no labor, six from patients in preterm labor, and three from nongravid hysterectomy specimens. RESULTS Gap junction structures were identified in the human myometrium of patients in term and in preterm labor but not in the other patient samples. In addition, evidence was obtained for the expression of (alpha 1) gap junction ribonucleic acid and (alpha 1) gap junction protein in term samples of human myometrium. CONCLUSION Gap junctions are a necessary component of the human myometrium during term and preterm labor. The formation of gap junctions may be a final common event for the development of labor, and inhibition of gap junction activity could be a novel approach for the treatment of preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Balducci
- Department Obstetrus and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington
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Young P, McDonnell P, Dunnington D, Hand A, Laydon J, Lee J. Pyridinyl imidazoles inhibit IL-1 and TNF production at the protein level. Agents Actions 1993; 39 Spec No:C67-9. [PMID: 8273589 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which SK&F 86002 and other pyridinyl imidazoles inhibit the production of IL-1 and TNF from LPS-stimulated human monocytes was examined. Inhibition of IL-1 and TNF production was found to depend on the time of addition of SK&F 86002, with diminishing effect when added more than 2 h after LPS stimulation. Analysis of Western blots confirmed that both intracellular IL-1 beta and extracellular TNF were significantly reduced in response to SK&F 86002, but these reductions were not paralleled by changes in IL-1 and TNF mRNA. 35S methionine pulse and pulse-chase studies on IL-1 biosynthesis suggest that significant inhibition by SK&F 86002 and related compounds occurs at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Young
- Department of Molecular Genetics, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939
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25
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Piela-Smith TH, Broketa G, Hand A, Korn JH. Regulation of ICAM-1 expression and function in human dermal fibroblasts by IL-4. J Immunol 1992; 148:1375-81. [PMID: 1347050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
ICAM-1 is found on the surface of many hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and can function as an adhesive ligand for the integrin, leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18). ICAM-1/leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 interaction has been shown to be of importance in many immune-mediated cell-cell adhesion reactions. In vitro, unstimulated human fibroblast cell cultures express low levels of ICAM-1. Using ELISA, cytofluorography, electron microscopy, Northern analysis, and an in vitro cell adherence assay, we demonstrate that treatment of human dermal fibroblasts with the cytokine IL-4 leads to an increase in cell surface ICAM-1 expression that is under transcriptional control as well as increased fibroblast adhesion to LFA-1-bearing T lymphocytes. The kinetics of increased ICAM-1 expression induced by IL-4 paralleled the increase in ICAM-1-dependent T lymphocyte adhesion. The increase in T cell adhesion was determined to be due to the effects of IL-4 on the fibroblasts and not the adhering T cells. Treatment of fibroblasts with IL-4 also resulted in enhanced binding of human rhinovirus, a recently reported additional ligand for ICAM-1. Virus binding was IL-4 dose dependent and could be inhibited with mAb to ICAM-1. Both the expression of ICAM-1 and the ICAM-1-dependent increase in T lymphocyte adhesion that was induced by IL-4 could be inhibited by preexposure of the fibroblasts to either IL-1 or IL-6, suggesting that multiple cytokines can have both positive and negative effects on human fibroblast ICAM-1 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Piela-Smith
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Medical Center, Newington, CT 06111
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26
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Piela-Smith TH, Broketa G, Hand A, Korn JH. Regulation of ICAM-1 expression and function in human dermal fibroblasts by IL-4. The Journal of Immunology 1992. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.148.5.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
ICAM-1 is found on the surface of many hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and can function as an adhesive ligand for the integrin, leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18). ICAM-1/leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 interaction has been shown to be of importance in many immune-mediated cell-cell adhesion reactions. In vitro, unstimulated human fibroblast cell cultures express low levels of ICAM-1. Using ELISA, cytofluorography, electron microscopy, Northern analysis, and an in vitro cell adherence assay, we demonstrate that treatment of human dermal fibroblasts with the cytokine IL-4 leads to an increase in cell surface ICAM-1 expression that is under transcriptional control as well as increased fibroblast adhesion to LFA-1-bearing T lymphocytes. The kinetics of increased ICAM-1 expression induced by IL-4 paralleled the increase in ICAM-1-dependent T lymphocyte adhesion. The increase in T cell adhesion was determined to be due to the effects of IL-4 on the fibroblasts and not the adhering T cells. Treatment of fibroblasts with IL-4 also resulted in enhanced binding of human rhinovirus, a recently reported additional ligand for ICAM-1. Virus binding was IL-4 dose dependent and could be inhibited with mAb to ICAM-1. Both the expression of ICAM-1 and the ICAM-1-dependent increase in T lymphocyte adhesion that was induced by IL-4 could be inhibited by preexposure of the fibroblasts to either IL-1 or IL-6, suggesting that multiple cytokines can have both positive and negative effects on human fibroblast ICAM-1 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Piela-Smith
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Medical Center, Newington, CT 06111
| | - G Broketa
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Medical Center, Newington, CT 06111
| | - A Hand
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Medical Center, Newington, CT 06111
| | - J H Korn
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Medical Center, Newington, CT 06111
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Hand A, Linnainmaa K, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Pyrhönen S, Matson M, Mattson K. Malignant mesotheliom: In vitro drug and interferon sensitivity studies on 3 human mesothelioma cell lines. Lung Cancer 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-5002(91)91971-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Qwarnstrom E, Bodner L, Baum B, Hand A, Omnell KA. Saliva secretion from the rat submandibular gland after retrograde infusion of radiographic contrast media. J Dent Res 1984; 63:614-7. [PMID: 6323559 DOI: 10.1177/00220345840630050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat submandibular saliva was collected at various times after retrograde infusion of water-soluble (Renografin 60%) or lipid-soluble (Lipiodol UF) radiographic contrast medium. Significant alterations in flow rate occurred following heavy parenchymal filling with both types of contrast media. Occasional changes in protein concentration, lactoperoxidase activity, and K+ levels were also noted. These changes were relatively mild and transient, and gland function had generally returned to normal by one wk after infusion. No alterations in glandular function were detected after infusion of contrast medium to a degree (ductal filling) comparable to that usually employed in clinical sialography.
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